1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Recently, “premade food (预制菜) in schools ”     1     (lead) to extensive debates. A shift from restaurant to family dining tables in     2     past two years, has rapidly brought premade food to the mass consumer market.

The issue initially surfaced when videos were posted by several parents of primary and secondary school students in Jiangxi     3     (express) their concerns about the slow delivery and poor quality of the meals     4     (provide) by the local central kitchen to students. Parents were worried that the meal distribution from the central kitchen might include premade food.     5     some parents began questioning was the source of school meals. They were anxious about it, a few of     6     even brought their children’s lunches to the school gates. The doubts have also raised concerns about the     7     (reliable) of meal distribution by central kitchens in primary and secondary schools.     8     (consequent), many people are appealing     9     schools to return to running their own cafeterias.

Some parents express their opposition to premade food in schools and firmly suggest that children     10     (guarantee) freshly cooked and reliable lunches. Ju Shang, the deputy secretary of Jiangsu Province Consumer Council. emphasized that elementary and middle school students have the same rights to be informed and make choices.

2 . Good news, coffee lovers: Your daily cup of Joe might be doing good to your heart, namely by helping to reduce the risk of heart failure, suggest the findings of a new study. In an analysis of data from three large studies on the topic, researchers found that those who reported drinking one or more cups of caffeinated (含咖徘因的) coffee a day had “a related decreased long-term heart failure risk”.

For the report published in Circulation: Heart Failure, researchers used machine learning to examine data from a large study from the Framingham Heart Study, referencing this data against two other studies. “Each study included at least 10 years of follow-up, and altogether the studies provided information on more than 21,000 U.S. adult participants,” researchers said.

When analyzing the Framingham Heart Study, researchers noted that when compared to non-coffee drinkers, coffee drinkers’ risk of heart failure decreased by 5% to 12% for each cup they drank each day. As for decaffeinated coffee, researchers noted that it did, not have the same benefits as caffeinated coffee, with one study suggesting that decaffeinated coffee may have an opposite effect.

Dr. David Kao, senior study author, said in a statement, “The relation between caffeine and heart failure risk reduction was surprising. Coffee and caffeine are often considered by the general population to be ‘bad’ for the heart because people relate them to health problems like palpitations, high blood pressure, etc. The relationship between increasing caffeine consumption and decreasing heart failure risk turns that thought on its head.”

“However, there is not yet enough clear evidence to prove that increasing coffee consumption can decrease the risk of heart disease with the same strength and certainty as stopping smoking, losing weight, or exercising,” Kao noted. The researchers also warned that the findings only focused on black coffee, that is, plain coffee, without added sugar and high-fat dairy products such as cream.

1. What’s the finding of the new study?

A．The number of heart failure cases has decreased gradually.

B．Coffee can help lower the possibility of heart failure.

C．Caffeine does harm to people’s health.

D．Coffee helps cure heart disease.

2. How did researchers achieve their finding?

A．By searching online for detailed information.

B．By interviewing experts about their opinions.

C．By conducting surveys among young adults.

D．By comparing data from long-term studies.

3. What can directly affect the result of the study?

A．The brand of coffee.

B．The age of the subjects.

C．The addition of caffeine to coffee.

D．The amount of coffee consumption.

4. What is Dr. Kao’s attitude towards the result?

A．Indifferent.

B．Positive.

C．Curious.

D．Careful.

3 . The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has to recall hundreds of foods every year. Like cookie snack packs with pieces of blue plastic hiding inside, dressing and sauce containing salmonella (沙门氏菌) or various jams containing with lead (铅).

It can take a few months before a recall is issued. But now researchers have come up with a method that might fast-track that process, leading to early detection and, ultimately, faster recalls. The AI system relies on the fact that people increasingly buy foods and spices online. And people tend to write reviews of products they buy online, which are like bread crumbs (包屑) to food-safety officials sniffing (嗅) out dangerous products.

The researchers linked FDA food recalls from 2012 to 2014 to amazon reviews of those same products. They then trained machine-learning algorithms (算法) to distinguish between reviews for recalled items and reviews for items that had not been flagged. And the trained algorithms were able to predict FDA recalls three quarters of the time. They also identified another 20, 000 reviews for possibly unsafe foods, most of which had never been recalled. The results are published in Journal of the American Medical In formatics Association.

The World Health Organization estimates that 600 million people worldwide get sick annually from polluted food, and more than 400,000 people die from it. “Sohaving tools that enable us to detect this a lot faster and hopefully investigate and do recalls faster will be useful not just in the U. S. but in other countries around the world as well.” Study author Elaine Nsoesie of Boston University. She did add one warning even recalled products can still get five-star reviews. So stars alone don’t tell the whole sickening story. The proof unfortunately, may still be in the pudding.

1. What will help Fda recall unsafe foods faster than before?

A．Efforts of food-safety officials

B．Lots of online reviews of products

C．New measures of food-safety officials.

D．Online reviews of the polluted foods

2. How does the author introduce the process of the research?

A．By describing facts.	B．By giving examples
C．By analyzing data.	D．By making comparisons.

3. What’s elaine’s attitude towards five-star reviews?

A．Tolerant

B．Skeptical

C．Ambiguous.

D．approval

4. Which may be the most suitable title for the text?

A．AI Sniffs out Unsafe Foods

B．FDA Detects Unsafe foods

C．AI Helps FDA Judge Reviews

D．FDA Develops System of Judging Reviews

4 . Mars will launch a new range of lower calorie chocolate bars next month to avoid the government’s latest crackdown on unhealthy snacks.

The company’s “Triple Treat” range will include new versions of Mars, Bounty, Snickers and Galaxy bars, and will be available exclusively in Tesco supermarkets. The new formulation Mars bar will be 22 per cent smaller and contain 24 per cent fewer calories. However, it will cost 80p rather than the 65p charged for a standard bar. The company said the higher price was justified because it had used more expensive ingredients, such as date paste, raisins and peanuts in the new version.

From October, foods considered high in salt, fat or sugar, including Mars’s traditional bars, will be banned from checkouts, store entrances and the ends of aisles under government plans to control the obesity crisis.

The NHS (National Health Service) spends more than £6 billion a year treating obesity-related ill health. The government says that children in the poorest parts of the country are more than twice as likely to be obese as their peers in the wealthiest areas. Kerry Cavanaugh, Mars Wrigley UK Marketing Director, said: “Triple Treat does exactly what it says on the tin-it’s packed with a trio of fruit, nuts and our iconic chocolate, and is delightfully delicious to boot. At Mars Wrigley, we’re thrilled that Brits can now enjoy a great tasting-and health-friendly-Galaxy, Mars, Snickers and Bounty treat. Per 100g, the new Mars will contain 37 per cent less fat, 30 per cent less sugar and 55 per cent less salt than the original bar. Mars has developed the range over the past 18 months to ensure that it can continue placing its chocolate snacks in prominent locations in stores.”

Other candy and chocolate giants have struggled to make products that are in accordance with the government’s new rules. In 2019 Mondelez released Cadbury Dairy Milk with 30 per cent less sugar yet learnt that it was still in trouble when the criteria were confirmed two years later.

1. What do we know about the new Mars bars?

A．They are sold at an unacceptable price.

B．They will be available in three versions.

C．They can be bought in most supermarkets.

D．They feature lower calories and smaller size.

2. What’s the purpose of the government’s new rules?

A．To crack clown on illegal snacks.	B．To ease the obesity crisis.
C．To raise money for poor children.	D．To treat obesity-related illnesses.

3. What does Kerry Cavanaugh probably agree with?

A．The New Mars are both tasty and healthy.

B．Britons will be disappointed at the new Mars.

C．Mars bars are reinvented as sugar-free snacks.

D．Restrictions on chocolate bars should be lifted.

4. What does the author want to show by mentioning Mondelez?

A．The new rules require further tightening up.

B．Businesses are slow to respond to the new rules.

C．The new rules have hardly benefited snack producers.

D．Businesses have had a hard time adjusting to the new rules.

5 . Anyone who’s tried different weight-loss diets is probably familiar with their pitfalls. Low-calorie diets often leave you tired and hungry. Low-fat diets are also tough to follow and, contrary lo popular belief, they do not seem lo prevent heart disease.

Another diet trend, intermittent fasting, takes a different approach. Rather than limiting what you cat, this diet limits when you cat. It normally involves eating only during a certain time window, usually eight hours, over a single day. For example, you would eat only during the hours of 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. and then fast during the other 16 hours. For some people, thal change may be easier to manage,says Dr. Eric Rim, professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health.

Short-termism studies suggest that people stick to intermittent fasting diets as well as or better than they do to other diets. And according to a 2019 review article in the journal Nutrients, intermittent fasting promotes weight loss and may reduce risk factors linked to heart disease, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and unhealthy blood lipid levels.

“However, we are currently unsure about how well this diet works over the long term,”says Dr. Rim, noting that there are just two long-term studies of intermittent fasting,each lasting a year. Nor are there large populations of people who’ve followed this eating pattern for years. That’s in contrast to two other diets linked to a healthy heart and healthy body size—the Mediterranean diet and a vegetarian diet.

Some experts add that intermittent fasting diets typically don’t specify what foods you should eat. ”As a nutritional epidemiologist, that makes me a little uncomfortable,“ Dr. David Mushen admits. Eating burgers and French fries five days a week and a single breakfast sandwich on your low-calorie day wouldn’t be-healthy, he says. But with any diet, it’s often a good idea to ease into the changes. You could start by trying a 5:2 diet or time-resisted eating. Once you start losing weight, you can gradually introduce more healthy foods, he suggests.

1. The underlined word“pitfalls”in the first paragraph means

A．problems	B．procedures
C．Alternatives	D．assumptions

2. Why does Rim mention the Mediterranean diet?

A．To demonstrate the appropriate approach to dieting.

B．To show uncertainty about the effect of the new trend.

C．To illustrate the popularity of low-calorie eating patterns.

D．To stress the importance of a healthy heart and body size.

3. What does Dr. David Mushen suggest?

A．Giving priority lo nutrition.

B．Conducting further research.

C．Losing weight step by step.

D．Proceeding with extreme caution.

4. What might be the best title for the text?

A．Ready to Restrict Your Dict?

B．Time to Try Intermittent Fasting

C．What’s Wrong with Intermittent Fasting

D．How Different Weight-loss Methods Work?

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists have long discussed the possibility that blood pressure drugs might affect cancer risk. After several news stories    1    (publish) that focused only on the potential risk, some patients were    2     (hesitate) about taking their medications.    3    the largest analysis to date should put their minds    4    ease: based on 31 trials, the 2020 university of Oxford review concludes that none of the classes of blood pressure drugs raises the risk of cancer. Meanwhile, there    5    (be) good evidence that these prescriptions help to prevent heart lacks and strokes.

People    6    (live) with obesity needn’t be reminded that, as a group, they have    7    higher risk of life-threatening health issues. It’s not that they don’t realize this; it’s that shedding extra kilograms and keeping them off is far    8    (easy) said than done. However, overweight people who eat    9    (healthy) have a low risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, according to a new study. Swedish researchers measured how closely people kept to a Mediterranean-type diet, and found that those    10     ate a healthier diet were at lower risk of dying, regardless of their BMI. The authors suggest that we shift our focus onto healthy eating, but caution that being overweight still carries health risks.

7 . When kids sit down to eat lunch at school, fruits and vegetables may not be their first choice. But with more time at the lunch table, they are more likely to pick up those healthy foods. If we want to improve children's nutrition and health, ensuring longer school lunch breaks can help achieve those goals, according to research from the University of Illinois.

“Ten minutes of seated lunch time or less is quite common. Scheduled lunch time may be longer, but students have to wait in line to get their food. This means the amount of time children actually have to eat their meals is much less than the scheduled time,” says Melissa Pflugh Prescott, assistant professor in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition. “During shorter lunch periods, children ate significantly less of the fruit and vegetable parts of their meal, while there was no significant difference in the amount of entrees (主食) they consumed. It makes sense that you might eat the part of the meal you look forward to first, and if there's enough time left you might go towards the other parts. But if there's not enough time, fruit and vegetables are likely to suffer,” Prescott explains.

“Our findings support policies that require at least 20 minutes of seated lunch time at school,” she states. School lunch time policies can be decided at the district level, with some room for individual schools to set their own standards; for example, schools can institute a longer lunch time than the district mandates (授权).

Prescott notes that longer lunch time can also have beneficial effects for children beyond healthy eating. “The amount of seated time children have is also a really valuable time for them to connect with their friends; they might have limited opportunities to do so throughout the school day. We found significantly fewer social interactions during the 10-minute lunch time. That indicates other positive outcomes may come from longer lunch breaks as well,” she concludes.

1. Why do students eat less of the fruit and vegetables according to Prescott?

A．They are unwilling to wait in line.

B．There is not enough time for them.

C．They're not used to a balanced diet.

D．There is too much study pressure on them.

2. What does the underlined word “institute” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Set up.

B．Put off.

C．Make use of.

D．Run out of.

3. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A．Key reasons for a longer lunch time.

B．The importance of a healthy diet.

C．Other benefits of a longer lunch time.

D．The detailed lunch time arrangements.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Eating lunch at school makes children healthier

B．Longer school lunch time enables children to learn better

C．Kids at school spend much time waiting in line for lunch

D．Longer lunch time helps kids eat more fruit and vegetables

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Nowadays, mushroom hunting is becoming more and more popular in many parts of the United States.

Mushroom hunters spend hours, even days, in wooded areas     1    (search) for wild mushrooms. They say mushroom hunting has changed their relationship with the environment.    2    (find) mushrooms, they must walk slowly. So, they get a chance to see the birds, the trees, little animals' life and everything.     3    is necessary to pay close attention to the     4    (detail) on trees and on the ground.

Experts say eating mushrooms     5    (be) good for health. Mushrooms contain the mineral selenium (硒). It     6    (contain) in most fruit and vegetables, too. This mineral helps the liver to work     7    (proper). The mineral also helps to prevent infection in the body and may decrease the)    8    (grow) of cancer tumors (肿瘤). Mushrooms,     9    are high in fiber may help us to lose weight. So, we eat much     10    (little) because they can make us feel full for longer periods.