1 . Chinese Kung Fu (Martial Arts or as popularly referred to as Gongfu or Wushu ) is a series of fighting styles which has developed over a long historical period in China.
In order to survive in an extremely hostile environment, our primitive Chinese ancestors developed primary means of defense and attack that included leaping, tumbling and kicking.
Over the centuries of development in China, Kung Fu has become a large system containing various schools or sects. It is recorded that there are over 300 distinct types of boxing existing around the country.
| A．Although being fighting styles, Kung Fu advocates virtue and peace, not aggression or violence. |
| B．The most outstanding and influential schools are listed as follows. |
| C．Although they knew how to fight with rudimentary weapons made from stones and wood, fighting with bare hands and fists became essential skills. |
| D．In the recent years, learning Chinese martial arts has been more and more popular among people of different ages and nationalities. |
| E．The styles in northern and southern China are quite different, so it is hard to be simply classified. |
| F．Nowadays, it is regarded as a traditional sport gaining more and more popularity and even stands as a representative for Chinese culture. |
2 . Why Is There an Offside(越位)Rule in Soccer?
The offside rule is one of the most important and significant rules in the game of soccer. It is one of the core influencers of game play, formations, and how the sport is played as a whole.
To get the official rule we have to consult the rulebook of IFAB(International Football Association Board). It is the organization that governs the laws of soccer. It is an independent body and the only organization authorized to decide and agree on changes to the Laws of the Game.
Without the offside rule, soccer would descend to a game where the ball is hit from one end of the pitch to the other, with all players competing to score in a sea of mess. It would be an unrecognizable game.
Thankfully, instead of this, we have “the beautiful game”: the most popular sport in the world, full of excitement, skill, athleticism, and tactical guile(战术诡计).
It’s not an offense to simply be in an offside position. If involved in active play from a touch by a teammate, the player in an offside position will be subsequently ruled offside and an indirect free-kick will be ruled against them. Becoming “involved in active play” infers that a player:
·Interferes with play by touching a ball that is passed or touched by a teammate.
·Prevents an opponent by obstructing their vision, by challenging them for the ball, or by making an obvious action to impact their ability to get the ball.
·Gains an advantage or interferes with an opponent when the ball is rebounded from the post, cross-bar, opponent or match official.
There are several pages of more specific circumstances and situations where offside can occur in the IFAB rulebook. However, these are the small print and are not important to discuss in general terms.
| A．If you want to read up on these finer details, check out the IFAB rulebook and skip to page 98. |
| B．Offside can be incorporated into certain tactical and formational plans made by coaches. |
| C．It dictates what positions players occupy on the field, as well as when and where the ball is passed. |
| D．However, it is a risky attempt, particularly in the VAR era, where the defense cannot deceive the match officials. |
| E．There are of course some exceptions to this offside rule. |
| F．However, despite what has been said above, many people still don’t fully understand the rule. |
3 . Is Adventurous Sports Teaching Good or Bad?
In recent years, adventurous sports such as bungee jumping have become increasingly popular. More and more people are taking these kinds of sports whatever the cost is. They say it is so exciting and enjoyable to take part in an adventure, which can relieve pressure or stress.
According to ED, some schools in the U.S. have also been urged to increase class teaching about adventures. And many have.
The study involved injuries treated in hospital emergency departments. Only two percent were serious.
The researchers did not try to identify the causes of the increase, but they have some theories. Lara McKenzie from Ohio State University was the lead researcher. She says one possibility is a decrease in the number of school nurses during the period they studied. For example, a study in 2004 showed that the number of school nurses nationally failed to meet federal guidelines.
Another possible reason for more injuries is a change in the traditional idea of adventure. Cheryl Richardson is with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. From her point of view, this “New adventure” expands the kinds of sports that are taught.
The researchers say larger class sizes are another possible reason for the increase in injuries.
| A．Classes on large scales can mean less supervision and cause potential injuries. |
| B．Yet now comes a study showing an increase in the number of injuries in “adventurous” class. |
| C．Generally speaking, untrained nurses could be more likely to be unemployed. |
| D．Adventurous sports help to relax students’ pressure and benefit their mental health. |
| E．But high-risk activities some schools offer now, like bungee jumping, can also expand the risks. |
| F．Schools without a nurse on duty may be more likely to send an injured child to a hospital. |
4 . Why Is Exercise Important to Teenagers and How to Get Started?
Teens get involved in a lot of things in high school. Some are involved in clubs and others are part of the band. There are many reasons why sports are great for teens and here’s how they can get started.
One of the biggest benefits for teens to be involved in sports is that it keeps them active. Some teens would be content to play video games or watch television all the time they’re at home. If a teen spends all their waking time being inactive they could gain weight and become unhealthy.
Be sure your child knows to warm up properly before playing any sport. Warming up before any physical activity will help your child avoid injury.
Encourage your teens to try out for one high school sport. Perhaps they’re not comfortable with football, but that doesn’t mean they wouldn’t excel in swimming or tennis. They may also enjoy playing baseball or soccer. Girls may enjoy basketball, swimming.
Many sports team will require that students try out before being able to join. Try-outs may include showing how active your teen is, running, jumping or if they are quick enough. They want to ensure your teen has at least the minimum skills required for the sport they’re trying out for.
Being a part of a sports team can also help your teen make friends.
| A．Athletes almost become like a second family. |
| B．This is a good practice whether they’re practicing with the team or exercising on their own. |
| C．Do everything you can to encourage your teen. |
| D．Being a part of a sports team will help them burn calories so they will remain healthier. |
| E．Your teens may not feel that they’re good enough to make their high school sports team. |
| F．High school coaches are going to do their best to keep their team members healthy. |
Adolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically Active
New WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active, putting their current and future health at risk.
The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There is also growing evidence that physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing.
To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teems do not meet this recommendation by analysing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels.
| A．Current evidence suggests that many of these benefits continue into adulthood. |
| B．To increase physical activity for adolescents, the authors need to identify the many causes and inequities. |
| C．The authors say that levels of insufficient physical activity in adolescents continue to be extremely high. |
| D．To improve levels of physical activity among adolescents, the study provides some recommendation as follows. |
| E．The authors note that adolescents' participation in physical activity will continue into adulthood. |
| F．The study highlights that young people have the right to play and should be provided with the opportunities to realize their right to physical and mental health and well-being. |
