1. 环境保护的意义；
2. 你的建议。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
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2 . I met the Man of the Trees in summer ten years ago, when I was visiting Uncle Jita.
Those were difficult times. People were cutting down our forest, and there was often flooding. Sometimes our water supply was dirty. When our pump(水泵)did have clean water, we had to wait in line for ages. When the pump wasn’t working, we had to walk five kilometres to the closest stream.
But I was happy. I was going to see my favorite uncle. When the day finally arrived, Dad drove me to Uncle Jita’s house and left. Once he saw me, Uncle Jita announced, “Tomorrow we’re going to explore a magical place. Here is my camera, Amy. You can take photos of what you see.”
The following day, we woke up and left early on a boat. The trip was exciting. But when we got off, there was ... nothing in front of us. “I don’t want to take pictures of this,” I complained.
Uncle laughed,“Start walking, Amy. I promise you’ll be surprised.” After some time, I could see the outline of a forest in the distance. A little closer, there was a man waving to us.
“That’s Kabir. The forest you see is his. He planted every single tree.” As we walked towards Kabir, Uncle explained that thirty years ago, the whole area was a wasteland. But one day Kabir decided to change all that and started planting trees. Thanks to him, part of the wasteland is now a paradise(天堂).
Uncle introduced me to Kabir, who had gray hair and a determined face. “Jita told me you like animals. Are you ready to see some?” he asked. “Of course!” I replied. We continued walking and soon were under the trees. I turned my head and was amazed at the difference between the two places. All because of the efforts of one man.
Like Uncle said, Kabir’s forest was magical. We saw deer, rhinos, and even tigers. During lunchtime, Kabir explained how, by planting trees, it was possible to stop the land from eroding(侵蚀).
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hearing this, I turned to my uncle, “I think we can plant trees too ”
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In the years that followed, people in our village worked hard to carry out our plan.
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3 . Rainforests provide much of the world’s oxygen. People have been trying to protect them for years. But another type of forest, the cloud forest, is just as important to humans.
These forests are at the tops of mountains, generally near the equator (赤道). These wet, wooded mountaintops are mainly in African and Central and South American countries. They are called “cloud forests” because their height allows for the formation of clouds among the trees. The trees in these forests pull water out of the clouds. The water gathers on the leaves and falls into small rivers below, which flow into towns at the bottom of the mountain. The yearly rainfall in these areas is about 180 centimetres. Cloud forests can pull in up to 60 percent of that. The water is important to the plants and the people in the area. It helps them survive.
Cloud forests are also home to countless species of plants that can’t be found anywhere else. One small cloud forest has as many types of plants as there are in all of Europe. In fact, there are so many that scientists haven’t made a complete list of them yet.
These forests are being destroyed at an increasing speed. Trees are being cut down, and roads are being built in their place. Some people have a goal to get government money to protect the forests. But they have had little success so far. Another way is to take the place of the destroyed plants with new ones. That, too, has been difficult because the plants are so special. There’s plenty of work to be done, but saving the cloud forests is still possible with creative solutions.
1. Where can you probably find cloud forests?| A．In North America. | B．Far from the equator. |
| C．In some African countries. | D．At the foot of mountains. |
| A．About 60 cm. | B．About 108 cm. | C．About 180 cm. | D．About 300 cm. |
| A．Europe is short of plant types. | B．Scientists are working on a list. |
| C．Cloud forests are getting smaller. | D．Cloud forests house many plants. |
| A．In a storybook. | B．In a travel guide. |
| C．In a chemistry textbook. | D．In a geography magazine. |
4 . Climate change has been a long-standing issue that continuously drives scientists to find green, sustainable fuels. The universe’s most abundant element, hydrogen (氢), has drawn their attention and is now on its way to becoming the future of green fuel.
More than $150 billion worth of green hydrogen projects were announced globally in 2020, according to Reuters. Airbus, a European multinational aerospace corporation, has taken the lead in the new sustainable fuel industry. It has designed self-contained hydrogen fuel cell pods that can be attached to the underside of airplane wings, promoting the use of hydrogen fuel for long-distance flights, which aim to achieve zero emissions. The company plans to launch hydrogen-powered aircraft in 2035, according to Daily Mail.
Compared to fossil fuels, hydrogen is a much more eco-friendly fuel. When hydrogen burns, the only by-product is water. However, the traditional way to get hydrogen from natural gas or coal generates considerable carbon emissions. The greenest way is to obtain hydrogen from water using electrolysis (电解) powered by renewable energy, although this process requires so much electricity that it is quite expensive. The key to making hydrogen competitive with fossil fuels is to lower the production cost to under $1.50. This would require lowering around 50 percent of renewable power costs and 75 percent of electrolyzer costs, according to Australia’s renewable energy agency.
Also, shipping liquid hydrogen is challenging, given that needs to be chilled to -253℃ to do so. Japan’s Kawasaki Heavy Industries is set to complete the construction of the world’s first liquefied hydrogen carrier by early 2021. According to Reuters, most of the world’s big hydrogen export projects are looking to ship hydrogen in the form of liquid ammonia (氨), which can be changed to hydrogen and needs to be chilled to only -33 C.
With more and more countries aiming to cut down carbon emissions to solve the issue of global warming, green hydrogen will help decarbonizing industries that can’t be electrified hit the targets.
“We could use these circumstances, where loads of public money are going to be needed into the energy system, to jump forward towards a hydrogen economy,” said Diederik Samsom, who heads the European Commission’s climate cabinet.
1. What is the strength of the hydrogen fuel?| A．It works very efficiently. | B．It is convenient to store. |
| C．It is environmentally friendly. | D．It produces no by-product. |
| A．The expensive cost of shipping. | B．The required temperature. |
| C．The construction of liquefied carriers. | D．Changing it to the form of liquid ammonia. |
| A．Those powered by fossil fuels. | B．Those generating electricity. |
| C．Those funded by public money. | D．Those making hydrogen. |
| A．Fueling a Green Future | B．Living a Green Life. |
| C．Shipping Liquid Hydrogen | D．Making Hydrogen Competitive |
5 . David Katz was unhappy about all the plastic (塑料) going into the ocean. To help solve the problem, he had an unusual idea. Mr Katz calls his idea the “Plastic Bank”.
In poor countries, people are already working so hard just to get enough food to eat, to find a place to live, and to keep themselves healthy. Spending time on recycling (回收再利用) doesn’t make sense when you’re simply trying to survive.
The purpose of the Plastic Bank is to use plastic to help these people solve the problems that worry them the most—food, shelter, and health. So Plastic Bank adds a value to plastic waste by paying people to recycle it.
The program began in 2015 in Haiti, a poor island nation that doesn’t have strong programs for recycling. Plastic is often simply thrown out and ends up in rivers and the ocean.
The Plastic Bank has opened 30 “markets” in Haiti. At Plastic Bank markets, people can trade the plastic they’ve collected for money or other things they need. The Plastic Bank markets sell many things that local people need, such as cooking oil and heating oil. The stores also allow plastic collectors to use the money they get to pay for health care or school. For those who have cell phones, Plastic Bank can put the money they get into a special bank account (账户) that they can control using an app. This keeps their money safe.
To make sure the plastic gets recycled, the Plastic Bank works with those who agree to use the plastic that is collected. For example, the British company Marks & Spencer and the German company Henkel are both paying more to use recycled plastic from the Plastic Bank in their products. When customers buy these products, which are labeled (标记) “Social Plastic”, they know that they are helping people in other parts of the world and keeping plastic out of the ocean.
The Plastic Bank has programs in Haiti, the Philippines, and Brazil. So far, the Plastic Bank has kept about 7 million pounds of plastic out of the ocean.
1. What might most Haitians think of plastic waste before 2015?| A．It was harmful. | B．It was priceless. |
| C．It was valueless. | D．It was recyclable. |
| A．The high value of the local plastic. |
| B．The local people’s basic needs for life. |
| C．The local people’s care for the environment. |
| D．The great support from the local government. |
| A．By storing the waste in its special bank. |
| B．By using the waste to produce oil and gas. |
| C．By sending the waste to poor countries for reuse. |
| D．By selling the waste to others who make products. |
| A．Helping the poor. | B．Cleaning the ocean. |
| C．Collecting plastic waste. | D．Treating plastic like money. |
6 . Gone are the days when humans covered themselves with blankets to keep warm. It’s now the time to put glaciers under blankets to keep them cool because at the rate climate is changing, this seems like a good idea to keep them from melting.
A ski resort in the Swiss Alps, Switzerland uses blankets to protect the glacier from the warm climate. Gian Darms, who handles snow conditions at the ski resort told about this unique procedure and said, “We lay the fleece over the glacier like a natural protective shield.” The blankets are being used to cover the top of the 10, 623-foot Mount Titlis whose glacier has already melted in the last few decades and it is expected to disappear completely in the next 50 years due to global warming.
To diminish the effect of climate change, resort employees have taken it upon themselves to protect the glacier from the heat and for this process, they spend about five to six weeks every summer covering parts of the glacier with protective polyester fleece. This helps to reflect the sun’s energy back into the atmosphere and prevent the glacier from melting, while also preserving the already fallen snow on the glacier in the previous winter season. After the season passes, the employees remove the coating and use the collected snow to fill in any gaps in the glacier’s surface.
This practice has been going on for a while and the amount of the glaciers covered has increased to almost 100 ,000 square meters now. “We’ve been covering more and more glaciers in the last few years. Almost 30, 000 square meters more this year alone. We will have to cover more glaciers in reaction to the climate change,” said Darms.
The ski resort’s actions show the intense effect of climate change on glaciers which have been melting at rapid rates in the past few years. Many different resorts have also started covering their glaciers because if there are no more glaciers, then there is no more business for these ski resorts.
1. What does the Swiss ski resort use blankets for?| A．Keeping the glacier from melting. | B．Preventing workers from feeling cold. |
| C．Protecting visitors from strong sunlight. | D．Stopping visitors from destroying glaciers. |
| A．Measure. | B．Reduce. | C．Accept. | D．Record. |
| A．The amount of the glaciers drops rapidly. | B．More ski resorts are gradually recovering. |
| C．Climate change is becoming more serious. | D．There is a better solution to global warming. |
| A．A travel brochure. | B．An advertisement. |
| C．A news report. | D．A geography text book. |
A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France
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8 . The battery pack of an electric vehicle (EV) powers the car hundreds of kilometers, again and again, without letting off gases. But when the battery comes to the end of it’s life, its green benefits fade. If it ends up buried, it can release poisonous materials including heavy metals.
That's just one of the emerging problems challenging researchers: how to recycle millions of EV batteries. Current EV batteries "are really not designed to be recycled" , says Thompson, a researcher at an institution.
It wasn't much of a problem when EVs were rare. But now the technology is taking off. Governments realize this is an issue and are inching toward requiring some level of recycling. In 2018, China drew new rules to promote the reuse of EV battery parts. The European Union is expected to finalize its first laws this year. And in the United States, several states, including California—the nation's largest car market—are exploring their own rules.
Recycling won't be easy. Batteries differ widely in chemistry construction, which makes it difficult to create efficient recycling systems. Scientists, meanwhile, say effective battery recycling will require more than just technological advances. The high cost of transporting used batteries over long distances can discourage recycling. It causes an economic barrier: It's often cheaper for battermakers to buy freshly-mined metals than to use recycled materials.
"The need for progress is becoming pressing," says Linda Gaines, who works on battery recycling. "The sooner we can get everything moving, the better." To jump-start recycling, governments and industry are putting money into research centers. Scientists are working to ensure the EV batteries being sold today can be recycled in 2030 and beyond, when thousands of batteries will reach the end of their lives. "There's little time to waste.” says Linda.
1. What is the problem of EV batteries from Paragraph 1?| A．The short lifespan they have. |
| B．The weak power they provide. |
| C．The decline of their green benefits. |
| D．The poisonous gases they give off. |
| A．Working out regulations. |
| B．Improving the technology. |
| C．Reducing electric vehicles. |
| D．Promoting reusable batteries. |
| A．It is urgent. | B．It is efficient. |
| C．It has made progress. | D．It needs advanced technology. |
| A．EV Batteries Need to Be Upgraded |
| B．Millions of EV Batteries Are Coming |
| C．Recycling EV batteries: Mission Impossible |
| D．EV Battery Recycling: A Race Against Time |
9 . Colombia's Chiribiquete National Park, which is the largest protected tropical forest in the world, was just named a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its outstanding global value for nature and people. It was built in 1989 and has been enlarged twice and now covers 4. 4 million hectares in the Northern Amazon. This is a great win for environmentalists
Chiribiquete National Park has a high rate of species variety. It is home to almost 3, 000 animal and plant species, many of which are endangered outside of this amazing protected area. The park is also home to a huge amount of species that are distinctive to this area. Some of them have been decided to be many years old. According to UNESCO, the park, which is located in the middle of two Pleistocene refuges and functions as a corridor(走廊) between three bio-geographic provinces, hosts many special species. "
The National Heritage designation(称号)marks the great success of decades of joint conservation(保护)efforts by the Colombian government, the World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF), and other environmental organizations. “This is an important moment for the protection of key ecosystems in Colombia, " said Mary Lou Higgins, Director of WWF Colombia. "The recognition of this unique place as a World Heritage Site is an important step toward protecting forests for future generations. It is a milestone for the Amazon and for forest conservation globally. "
Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos said that he welcomed the UNESCO designation and considered it as great news for Colombia. He promised to increase the conservation funds by an additional $525 million to better protect the country's environment. However, it is still a long way to go in protecting the park for generations to come.
1. What do we know about Chiribiquete Nation l Park?| A．Its species have a big influence on tourism |
| B．It’s large size attracts environmentalists attention. |
| C．Its natural beauty has been damaged a lot. |
| D．Its value has got international recognition |
| A．friendly | B．unique. | C．harmful. | D．common |
| A．The designation of the park is meaningful to forest protection |
| B．The future generations should consider the balance of species. |
| C．The park's environmental problems have been solved. |
| D．The ecosystems in Colombia are in a dangerous situation. |
| A．He would try to change the living habits of some species. |
| B．He would build more wildlife centers in other countries. |
| C．He would help to offer financial support. |
| D．He would stop people from cutting down big trees |
10 . I don’t think I can recall a time when I wasn’t aware of the beauty of the ocean. Growing up in Australia, I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side. The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay, I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore.
For my 10th birthday, my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef. There were fish in different colors, caves and layers of coral (珊瑚). They made such an impression on me. When I learned that only one percent of Australia’s Coral Sea was protected, I was shocked. Australian marine (海洋的) life is particularly important because the reefs (暗礁) have more marine species than any other country on earth. But sadly, only 45% of the world’s reefs are considered healthy.
This statistic (数据) is depressing, so it’s important for us to do everything to protect them. The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action. I’ve become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which aims to create the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a place where the ocean’s species will all have a safe place forever.
Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be part of the movement. Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the beauty of the ocean, and trying to find the secrets of ocean species.
1. What can we learn about the author from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?| A．He seldom went sailing at the sea. |
| B．He forgot his experiences about the ocean. |
| C．He never went back to his hometown. |
| D．He had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay. |
| A．It is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually. |
| B．It depends on reefs for living greatly. |
| C．It may be faced with danger. |
| D．It is protected better than that in other oceans. |
| A．To contribute to a complete ecosystem. |
| B．To prevent more marine species being endangered. |
| C．To set up a large nature reserve for reefs. |
| D．To raise more teenagers’ environmental awareness. |
| A．To ask more people to take action to protect the marine species. |
| B．To inspire more people to study the secret of the ocean. |
| C．To share their childhood experiences about the ocean. |
| D．To bring back to people their memory of ocean species. |
