1 . The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new. During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution. But there’s a problem with this method. Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.

Dr. Mark Browne in Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers for 10 years now. He explains that every time synthetic clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers fall off. Most washing machines can’t collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing machine, microfibers are entering the sewers and finally end up in the sea.

In 2011, Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic(合成的) clothing can produce more than 1, 900 fibers per wash. Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world, and used a special way to examine each sample. He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.

This is bad news for a number of reasons. Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten. Studies have also shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.

Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic waste into clothing as an environmental “solution.” Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne explains that he's had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Design-his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn’t get a satisfying answer. Only one women’s clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.

1. What has happened during the past five years?

A．Fabric has become much stronger.	B．Plastic pollution has been less serious.
C．Many plastic bottles have been reused.	D．Microfibers have been greatly improved.

2. What does Browne think of washing synthetic clothes?

A．It is adding microfibers to the clothes.

B．It is worsening environmental problems.

C．It is making synthetic clothes last longer.

D．It is doing great damage to washing machines.

3. What can be inferred about Browne’s Benign by Design research project?

A．It has achieved great success.	B．It hasn’t got anything done.
C．It is known to very few people.	D．It is facing some difficulties.

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．It’s important to learn to recycle

B．It’s never easy to solve pollution problems

C．Recycled plastic clothing: solution or pollution?

D．Are human beings moving forward or backward?

2 . 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a lesson in sorting garbage     1    is now required that people should sort garbage into four categories recyclable,     2     (harm), dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can     3    (fine) up to 200 yuan.

More cities are introducing similar regulations,     4    (follow) the practice in Shanghai. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30% of the     5    (participant) think they are adequately sorting their trash. It's partly because many people lack their willingness to sort their own waste. “It's     6     must to have a legal guarantee     7    (promote) garbage sorting, said Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University.

Apart from China, many other foreign countries also     8    (introduce)garbage-sorting regulations in the past years. In Japan, waste sorting has become a basic survival skill. There is a     9    (fix) time for the disposal of each kind of garbage and littering can result     10     high fines and even jail time. Over 90%o of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of the environment.

3 . 语法填空

It is well     1    (know) that global warming results from human burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some by-products of this process are called “greenhouse” gases,    2     which the most important one is carbon dioxide. These “greenhouse” gases can keep     3     earth warm enough for us to live on. However, when     4    (quantity) of extra carbon dioxide are put into the atmosphere, the global temperature tends     5     (go) up.

Although scientists have different opinions about the future effects of global     6    (warm), most believe that the temperature of the earth would increase by about 5 degrees over the next 100 years,    7     may cause the sea level to rise, bring about floods, storms, droughts, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of   species.    8     Hambley says more carbon dioxide will make plants grow     9     (quick)；crops will produce more and that it will encourage a greater range of animals.

Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. The climate     10    (keep) on warming for decades or centuries even if we start reducing the amount of greenhouse gases. What will be the future results of global warming? We wait and see.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country     1    （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over     2     past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is     3     (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice     4     (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water     5     rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased     6     (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total     7     (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government     8     (start) a soil-testing program     9     gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while     10     (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.

5 . With environmentalists pointing to the use of coal, oil and other fossil fuels as adding to the problem of global warming, the world is rushing to find other more environmentally friendly energy sources. Many countries are looking to nuclear power as the answer to their energy needs. Those who support using nuclear power point to the fact that the process for creating nuclear power produces huge quantities of electricity without producing any greenhouse gases. It seems to be the safest and most environmentally safe method for producing the largest amount of power, much more than solar or wind energy sources.

However, despite the many advantages of nuclear power, there are many groups who strongly advise against the use of nuclear power. Some groups point to concerns about possible terrorist attacks on nuclear plants or possible nuclear accidents that might result in widespread disaster. However, strange as it seems, many of the strongest voices against nuclear power are actually environmentalists, who oppose nuclear power because they claim it results in more greenhouse gases.

It may seem impossible, but in fact both facts are true: nuclear production itself produces no greenhouse gases, but nuclear power does, in fact, lead to the production of many greenhouse gases. How is this possible? The actual production of nuclear power does not let off any greenhouse gases at all; this is the fact that most governments and nuclear power companies point to, and it is, indeed, correct. However, those who oppose nuclear power point out the bigger problem: building and maintaining the nuclear power stations, mining the material used to produce the nuclear power and getting rid of the nuclear waste all create greenhouse gases, the very thing that nuclear power is supposed to avoid. The final point that environmentalists point out is that nuclear power is not a long-term solution to energy. One day uranium, the resource needed for producing nuclear power, will be at an end, the same problem the world is facing with coal and oil today.

1. What are many countries relying on to satisfy their energy needs according to the passage?

A．Coal.	B．Oil.
C．Nuclear power.	D．Other fossil fuels.

2. What disadvantages relating to the use of nuclear power are mentioned in the passage?

A．No greenhouse gases.

B．Killing more plants.

C．Widespread disasters and more greenhouse gases.

D．Making other energy sources not function well.

3. What’s the writer’s attitude towards the use of nuclear power?

A．Optimistic.	B．Indifferent(漠不关心).
C．Pessimistic.	D．Objective（客观的）.

4. Why do some environmentalists point out that nuclear power is not a long      term solution to energy?

A．Because the resource for producing nuclear power will come to an end someday.

B．Because they think nuclear power gives off too many greenhouse gases.

C．Because the world is facing coal and oil shortages now.

D．Because more and more people are opposed to the use of nuclear power.

6 . 假如你是李华，你校将于本周五上午举行题为“Protecting wild animals” 的英文演讲比赛，你将代表你班参赛，请你写一份演讲稿。内容主要包括：

1.野生动物的生存现状；

2.举例说明保护野生动物的重要性；

3.你是如何做的。

注意：词数100左右（开头已经给出，不计入总词数）。

Good morning,everyone!

I’m more than glad to stand here and give a short speech on protecting wild animals.                                          

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。

In the past, human activities     1    (have) little effect on global warming, but now they have caused the rise of the earth temperature. All scientists agree that the increase in the temperature results     2    the burning of fossil fuels. One of some byproducts    3    (call) greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) which can trap more heat energy in the atmosphere.

Over the last 100 years, the temperature of the earth    4    (increase). The     5    (attitude) towards this rise are completely different. Some are positive    6    others are negative. Those who are positive think that without the greenhouse gases the earth would be     7    (cool) than it is,     8    would not be suitable to live on. Others think the rise of the earth temperature may cause severe storms, floods, droughts and so on.

    9    (actual), green house gases will continue to build up in the atmosphere. Luckily, we human beings are doing what we can     10    (reduce) green house gases. More importantly, individuals can make a difference.

8 . A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources（资源）：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.
1. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they      

A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere

B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world

C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃

D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth

2. What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?

A．We will lose much more than we can gain.

B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.

C．People have a strong desire for resources.

D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.

3. It can be inferred from the text that

A．we can get enough resources without rainforests

B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests

C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land

D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns

4. What might be the best title for the text?

A．How to Save Rainforests

B．How to Protect Nature

C．Rainforests and the Environment

D．Rainforests and Medical Development