1 . It is reported that two thirds of our earth’s oceans and three quarters of its land have been damaged by mankind. One million types of plants and animals could disappear by 2050, with a speed hundreds of times faster than over the last 10 million years. One fifth of all nations could see the environment on which we ourselves depend is being destroyed.
Our earth can only continue to support us if we protect its biodiversity (生物多样性). It is the biological chain of plants and animals that hold our world together. Every life form, however tiny, is of great importance to the whole. Every breath of air we breathe and every mouthful of food that we take comes from the natural world. And if we damage the natural world, we damage ourselves. Indeed, the environment we live in is not only vital to our survival, but also powering the world economy. The costs produced by our broken relationship with nature are rising every day.
The continuing destruction of the environment also quickens climate change and makes us feel weaker and even more vulnerable. The environment supports us, but climate change in turn harms the environment at the same time, making these two challenges two sides of the same coin. To make matters worse, damage to our ecosystems (生态系统) also has a bad effect on human health, by ruining our sources of food, medicine, water and oxygen. We even risk new diseases jumping from animals to humans.
From October 11-15, 2021, world leaders gathered online for part one of COP-15 (第十五届缔约方会议), with the second part in face-to-face meetings in Kunming, from April 25 to May 8, 2022. This is an extremely important moment to raise the level of ambition and commitments for nature.
Saving biodiversity is to save ourselves. What is needed most is a global plan to protect biodiversity, with new goals for the next decade that all countries support and provide money for the project.
1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?| A．Our planet we all live on is in great is danger. |
| B．The damage to the environment is reducing. |
| C．Animals. and plants have been existing peacefully. |
| D．Four-fifths of the countries create good environment. |
| A．optimistic | B．easily-hurt |
| C．extraordinary | D．realistic |
| A．Air and water pollution. | B．Abnormal usage of oxygen. |
| C．Lack of food and medicine. | D．Diseases from animals to humans. |
| A．New ways to develop new energy. |
| B．Methods to prevent and cure COVID-19. |
| C．Measures to raise money to control water pollution. |
| D．International cooperation to protect biodiversity Worldwide. |
2 . In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution. They join “environment clubs”. In an environment club, people work together to make our environment clean.
● No-garbage lunches. How much do you throw away after lunch? Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the least garbage and report them to the whole school!
● No-car day. On the no-car day, nobody comes to school by car--not the students and not the teachers! Cars give pollution to the air, so remember:
Walk, jump, bike or run.
Use your legs! It’s lots of fun!
● Turn off the water! Did you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty m3 of water an hour? In a year that would fill a small river! In environment clubs, students mend those broken toilets.
We love our environment. Let’s work together to make it clean.
1. Environment clubs ask students ________.| A．not to forget to take cars | B．to go to school by car every day |
| C．not to throw away lunch bags | D．to do exercise every day |
| A．much water | B．a lot of money | C．a long river | D．a toilet |
| A．walk to school every day | B．help teachers |
| C．bring their lunches in bags | D．make less pollution |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Would you like to be a greener person to protect our environment? Here was some advice. You should reduce waste you produce daily. You can use all sides of the paper and collecting the drinking bottles. Remember to sort the waste so that it can be well recycle. It would be better for you turn off the power in your house when you go out. Instead of driving your car everywhere, you can save energy by either walking nor riding a bike. Beside, take a bag along when shopping to avoid using too many plastic bag. Last but not least, never spit in the public. It is real easy to be an eco-friendly person.
4 . Tropical ( 热带的) rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate, and according to a new report by Rainforest Foundation Norway, humans are to blame. The world’s dependence on coal, farming, beans, palm oil and mining has resulted in two-thirds of Earth’s tropical rainforests being completely destroyed, and the remaining ecosystems being put closer to a tipping point.
Tropical rainforests once covered 14.5 million square kilometers of Earth’s surface, but now, just one-third of that remains undamaged. Of the original area tropical rainforests once occupied, 34% is completely gone and 30% is suffering from damage. All that remains is roughly 9.5 million square kilometers, and 45% of that is in a degraded (恶化) state, the report says.
Researchers blame human consumption for the loss. While agriculture has always been a driving factor of rainforest loss, the report said that energy consumption, international trade and the production of beans and palm oil, logging and mining have been the largest threats (威胁) over the past century. A significant number of US products rely on resources from tropical rainforests. The country heavily relies on palm oil, rubber and cocoa, all of which come from forests around the world. Often, these resources are harvested from illegally destroyed lands.
Tropical rainforests are home to more than half of the Earth’s biodiversity and have more carbon in living organisms than any other ecosystem. In addition to supporting significant animal life, tropical rainforests are also necessary for slowing down global warming. “These unique ecosystems are suffering from constant abuse, through our bottomless appetite for land and resources,” said Anders Krogh, the author of the report. “We expect that upcoming UN climate and biodiversity summits provide specific targets and measures to protect tropical rainforests.”
The researchers also believe that the loss of tropical rainforests puts the whole world at the risk of future diseases. “Huge deforestation (毁林) is violating nature’s natural virus protection systems,” Krogh said. “The outbreak of COVID-19 should bring rainforest protection to the top of the agenda of all policy makers and world leaders concerned about preventing the outbreak of new diseases.”
1. Why are the data listed in Paragraph 2?| A．To show the serious loss of tropical rainforests. |
| B．To present the process of rainforest degradation. |
| C．To stress the role of rainforests in the ecosystems. |
| D．To explain the reason for the disappearance of rainforests. |
| A．Traditional method of farming. |
| B．Global imbalance of international trade. |
| C．The world’s much dependence on clean energy. |
| D．Human unreasonable consumption of rainforest resources. |
| A．The loss of rainforests will destroy the future generations. |
| B．Immediate attention should be paid to protecting rainforests. |
| C．The disappearance of rainforests has accelerated the spread of the virus. |
| D．Politicians are concerned about preventing the outbreak of new diseases. |
| A．Tropical rainforests are declining |
| B．Rainforests slow down global warming |
| C．Humans are to pay for the loss of rainforests |
| D．World leaders are acting to protect rainforests |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
As is known to us, a large number of wild animals has been killed for their meat. As a result, thousand of animals have either died out and become endangered.
Actually, protect wild animals benefits the animals as well as humans. For an example, if farmers killed too many eagles, their corn and grain would be destroyed by rats. The reason is because with no eagles to hunt rats, their number would increase rapid.
Therefore, all of us must do what they can to protect wild animals. As for me, I have joined an organization in our town which aim is to call on people to protect wild animals and I have taken part several activities.
1. 沙尘暴的影响
2. 沙尘暴的起因（如：气候变暖，北方更干燥少雨，土壤疏松，易起沙尘；树木减少...）
3. 你的呼吁
注意：1.词数 100 左右
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students,
Recently, the northern part of China has seen the worst sandstorm in a decade.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7 . SYDNEY —Australian scientists have designed a system which uses microwaves to break down plastic into an environmentally friendly by-product.
Head of Electrical Engineering at Australia’s James Cook University, Prof. Mohan Jacob revealed on Thursday that by using microwaves, plastic waste can be converted into biochar(生物炭), charcoal that can be used as a soil conditioner.
“We are developing a processing room, which could process many kinds of plastic materials, up to 5 kilograms of waste,” Jacob said. “It will be a typical example system for the development of biochars from different types of plastics under various conditions.” Jacob explained that microwave energy is used to heat the plastic waste above 600 degrees centigrade within the custom-made room, where it ends up as a biochar, which can then be used to improve the properties of soil.
Currently underway is step one of the project, testing the room, after which, step two will involve improving the energy efficiency of the system and maximizing the yield of by-products. If all goes to plan, step three will be to construct a medium scale waste processing system which is customizable and can be installed remotely.
Jacob said that with the average person using 130 kg of plastic every year, there is an urgent need for developing better ways of processing it.
“Perhaps contrary to popular opinion, plastic is an indispensable material in modern life. It is cheap, competent, lightweight, and has many benefits like maintaining food quality and safety and preventing waste,” he said.
However, “abandoned plastics endanger our marine wildlife, and have begun to enter the food chain. There is an urgent need for developing technologies to recover plastic waste.”
1. How does the system function?| A．Microwaves are used to produce plastic. |
| B．Plastic waste is heated in the microwaves. |
| C．Plastic waste is cut into pieces and buried into the soil. |
| D．Microwaves change plastic waste into biochar by heating. |
| A．Plastic consumption now is acceptable. |
| B．Plastic should be abandoned in our life. |
| C．The system of processing plastic has come into use. |
| D．Finding better ways to deal with plastic waste is urgent. |
| A．Make up for a loss in time. |
| B．Find or regain lost possession. |
| C．Extract or recycle an energy source for reuse. |
| D．Return to a normal state of health, mind or strength. |
| A．3 steps of processing plastic waste. |
| B．A way of producing plastic products easily. |
| C．A new system of breaking down plastic waste. |
| D．A program designed for plastic use in the daily life. |
8 . Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
1. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?| A．Help increase grocery sales. |
| B．Recycle the waste material. |
| C．Stop things falling off trucks. |
| D．Argue for the use of plastic bags. |
| A．Bans on plastic bags. |
| B．Effects of city development. |
| C．Headaches caused by garbage. |
| D．Plastic bags hung in trees. |
| A．They are quite expensive. |
| B．Replacing them can be difficult. |
| C．They are less strong than plastic bags. |
| D．Producing them requires more energy. |
| A．Plastic, Paper or Neither |
| B．Industry, Pollution and Environment |
| C．Recycle or Throw Away |
| D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control |
