1 . On an autumn afternoon, a remote sheep farm in southern Greenland is quiet. The silence is abruptly broken when dozens of sheep come thundering across the hills overlooking the farm. Walking after them are Lars Nielsen and his 37-year-old son Kunuk Nielsen.
The Nielsen family has owned and run the farm since 1972. Kunuk says the summers now are longer than when he was a child and that drought has become a problem. The fields are not so green as those in the old days. He has to buy hay (草料) from European countries.
The effects of a warming climate are obvious on the land. While he intends to struggle on, his older brother Pilu has chosen a different path.
Pilu, 40, lives in Qaqortoq in the south of Greenland -- a town of about 3,000 people. Ten years ago, he got his helicopter pilot's license and is now part owner of a small company called Sermeq Helicopters. It caters to construction and telecommunication workers and an increasing number of foreign tourists.
Pilu says he loves his family's sheep farm. But he saw that warming temperatures were making remote areas of Greenland more accessible and wanted to look for other opportunities. His company's most popular tours include a visit to Greenland's glaciers.
The warming temperatures are also affecting traditional ways of life, particularly hunting. The sea ice is changing; it's becoming less so that hunting on ice becomes more difficult. When there's no sea ice, it's difficult to use dog sledges (雪橇)，and the whole culture around having dogs and dog sledges and doing traditional hunting on the ice is sort of diminishing.
Besides, many Greenlanders, like Pilu, are leaving the countryside for towns and the capital city Nuuk, where opportunities are greater. A report found that Nuuk's share of Greenland's population grew from 17.2% in 1977 to 29.2% in 2014. If there were enough houses in Nuuk, the share would even be bigger.
1. What problem does Kunuk Nielsen's farm face?| A．Lack of workers. | B．Less food for his sheep. |
| C．Less space forhissheep. | D．Lack of foreign markets. |
| A．By casting a shadow on its business. |
| B．By making it hard for locals to earn a living. |
| C．By promoting the development of its tourism. |
| D．By making more remote areas suitable for living. |
| A．Occurring. | B．Operating. |
| C．Adapting. | D．Decreasing |
| A．Housing pressure. | B．Climate change. |
| C．Weakeconomy. | D．Poor living conditions. |
2 . Last week，we talked about the conflict(冲突)between sleepy teenagers and early morning classes.Many people commented on our website.
For example，Damla Ece in Turkey wrote：I agree with the idea of starting lessons later so teenagers can feel better in the morning.But sleeping more than seven hours can be wasting time for students.
Tran in Vietnam disagreed：I think teenagers，on average，need eight to ten hours of sleep every day.It's useless to try to force them to concentrate while they can't concentrate.
Afshin Heydari from Iran wrote：Schools should start early to avoid heavy traffic later in the morning.
And Suze from Jordan wrote：When I was a teenager，I enjoyed taking my courses as early as possible.That way I could find a long time in the day to do my own activities.
But Azra from Kyrgyzstan said：The reason why schools start early here is a lack of classrooms.
And Joruji in Japan wrote：When I was a teenager，I used to get up before six to go to school，which was far from home，and I don't remember having problems.I think nowadays the Internet，TV games and cell phones make teens go to sleep later.
Thirtyyearold Kika in Spain said：In my opinion，young people are very lazy.
But Dennis Jin disagreed：For high school students in China，we must reach class at 6：20 in the morning and be back home usually at 10：00 in the evening.Then we'll have some extra schoolwork to do.Can you imagine how long could we sleep every day?
Teenagers are not the only ones who suffer.Kathy in Canada wrote：My daughter likes complaining about everything in the morning，and I know that this is from lack of sleep.I wish schools should change their start time to 8：30 or 9：00 in the morning.
And Naima Star in Libya wrote：Getting up so early in the morning and leaving the warm bed is so difficult，especially in the cold weather.It reminds me of that old song：“It's nice to get up in the morning，but it's nicer to stay in bed.”
1. The passage is most likely to be taken from .| A．a personal letter | B．a travel guide |
| C．a geography book | D．a radio broadcast |
| A．Joruji，Tran and Kika. |
| B．Tran，Kathy and Dennis Jin. |
| C．Suze，Kathy and Afshin Heydari. |
| D．Suze，Tran and Afshin Heydari. |
| A．amazement | B．pleasure |
| C．determination | D．dissatisfaction |
| A．his own habit |
| B．political situation |
| C．school environment |
| D．traffic conditions |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
Good morning, everyone. Yesterday I received a letter from a elderly gentleman. He told me the other day he see that some student in our school uniform crowded onto a bus without waiting their turns. On the bus they refuse to offer their seats for old people. What was worse, they even said dirty words to each other. I am very much sorry for this. Today’s youth are tomorrow’s old people. Respect the old and caring for the young is a fine tradition of our Chinese. Every one of us have the responsibility to keep it up. I hope that you can learn something from this incident and you will have good manners whether you are inside or outside the school. Thank you.
4 . If you're reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh-ohs(00后）．The 21st century. That would make you young,creative, connected, global,and no doubt smart. Maybe good-looking,too. Right? But what do other people think about your generation?
Some adults worry that you're more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you. They think of you as the“face-down generation” because you use your phone so much and they wonder how you will deal with school, friends,and family. Are today's teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies(自拍）to become successful in real life-or“IRL”， as you would say?
Other adults worry that today's youth are spoilt(宠坏的）and don't want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by"helicopter parents” who were always there to guide and help them with a busy schedule filled with homework and extra-curricular activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. With partners who do everything for them, today's youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s.
Does the face-down generation need a heads-up?Well,probably not. The fact is that many of today's teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be enthusiastic(热情的）and willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai,the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls' rights to go to school.
So if you're one of the oh-ohs,there's reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face-down generation. Chances are that you will do GR8(great) and LOL（laugh out loud).
1. Today's teenagers are thought of as the face-down generation because| A．They are busy texting |
| B．They use their phones a lot |
| C．They deal with school and family with their phones |
| D．They become successful with their phones |
| A．Parents who prefer to live like teenagers |
| B．Parents who often fly everywhere for their business |
| C．Parents who do dancing, drawing or sports with their children |
| D．Parents who always guide and help children with homework and extra-curricular activities |
| A．They are annoyed. |
| B．They are powerful. |
| C．They are spoilt. |
| D．They are positive. |
| A．The face-down generation |
| B．The young generation |
| C．The generation gap |
| D．The future generation |
5 . Whether you admit it or not, people's love for Christmas Jumper（毛衣）around Christmas has increased over recent years. And while you may be less willing to get involved in the Christmas jumper trend, Christmas Jumper Day now enables you to do more with your jumper than build up sweat in an incredibly warm office.
The origin of the Christmas jumper can date back to the late 19th century in the USA. Americans in the 1930s knitted（编织）for Christmas to create an item of clothing to keep them “warm” during the Great Depression（大萧条）when people led a poor and miserable life. They copied the jumpers they saw their favorite stars wearing on the big screen. From the 1950s, it was common to see American families wearing festive jumpers as they sat down to eat their Christmas dinner.
Now, alongside wearing a festive jumper for the fun of it, there are other positive outcomes. Christmas Jumper Day has been set up to stimulate people to make the world better and raise funds for save the Children by wearing a Christmas jumper and making a minimum donation of £1. Ladbrokes, a company in the UK, is running a competition in which all you have to do is to take a selfie（自拍）outside of one of their shops while wearing a jumper—the winner will win a good prize and for every submission（提交作品）, Ladbrokes will donate £5 to St. Luke's Hospice charity. For you, it's a win-win situation.
If you're still unconvinced that it's about time you bought yourself a Christmas jumper, then maybe the fact that Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber and Snoop Dogg have all been spotted wearing Christmas jumpers will raise your enthusiasm. Retailer（零售商）such as Topshop, Burberry and H&M have also become devoted to Christmas Jumper Day and have their very own types of Christmas jumpers.
1. Which statement is true according to paragraph 1?| A．Wearing Christmas jumpers in the office has been a trend. |
| B．Wearing Christmas jumpers can make you incredibly warm. |
| C．Christmas jumpers have gained huge popularity. |
| D．Christmas jumpers serve many functions. |
| A．To protect them from cold weather. | B．To lift their spirits. |
| C．To follow the stars. | D．To form a tradition. |
| A．demand | B．advise | C．encourage | D．persuade |
1. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
| A．The popularity of English. | B．The study pressure on students. |
| C．Attitudes towards learning foreign languages. | |
| A．About 21% | B．About 27% | C．About 35% |
7 . Experts praise the virtues of social connectivity. It’s linked to better resistance to stress and even longer life.
Relationships are often strongest when each person takes time to take care of themselves. Even when it comes to friendships, the old saying may be true. A little absence might really make the heart grow fonder. Having friendships and a strong social support system is important for your mental health and well-being.
| A．Being alone is harmful if it feels like a punishment. |
| B．Being alone gives you time to focus on your interests. |
| C．Being alone, on the other hand, is often associated with loneliness. |
| D．Research has shown that many people actually prefer being on their own. |
| E．However, research is increasingly showing that doing things alone does pay off. |
| F．Brainstorming together is often seen as one of the best ways to generate new ideas. |
| G．But being alone occasionally may make you appreciate those connections even more. |
8 . Famous for its tolerance as well as its narrow houses and broad canals, Amsterdam is undergoing a change of attitude when it comes to the millions of tourists that come to see it each year. Tolerance has reached its limits in the capital of Dutch, which is now actively urging visitors to head elsewhere.
Ellen van Loon, a partner at Dutch architectural firm OMA says, “We don’t want to turn into a Venice. While tourism earns the Dutch economy around 82 billion Euros a year, the problem we are currently facing is that Amsterdam is so loved by tourists, we just have so many coming to the city.”
Netherlands tourist officials recently took the decision to stop advertising the country as a tourist destination. Their “Perspective 2030” report, published earlier this year, stated that the focus will now be on “destination management” rather than “destination promoting”. The document also describes the country’s future strategy, acknowledging that Amsterdam’s livability will be severely influenced by “visitor overload” if action isn’t taken.
Solutions listed include working to discourage groups of visitors by either limiting or completely shutting down accommodation and entertainment products aimed at them, as well as spreading visitors to other parts of the Netherlands. Some of these measures have already come into play. Last year, the famous “I Amsterdam” sign was removed from outside the Rijksmuseum, the city’s main art gallery. The two-meter high letters have been moved to various “lesser-known neighborhoods” in a bid to entice travelers to leave the center of the city.
But will the measures being put in place be enough to save it from being damaged by its own success? Like many other locals, Van Loon fears Amsterdam has lost its uniqueness forever. “The reason tourists come here is that there’s something in the character of Amsterdam they love,” she explains. “But at a certain point, when the number of tourists is increasing and increasing, they actually kill what they loved in the first place.”
1. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 indicate?| A．Venice is suffering from overtourism. |
| B．Amsterdam doesn’t necessarily copy Venice. |
| C．Venice does more poorly than Amsterdam. |
| D．Amsterdam is more popular than Venice. |
| A．To reduce its pressure of mass visitors. |
| B．To turn the focus on destination promoting. |
| C．To promote the development of other areas. |
| D．To avoid much spending on city management. |
| A．Force | B．Persuade. | C．Inform. | D．Allow. |
| A．Positive. | B．Objective. | C．Skeptical. | D．Ambiguous. |
9 . After finishing my teaching for a school year, I thought that I should go back to Montreal, Quebec, my hometown for a visit. My main goal was to relax in preparation for the challenges of my retirement in the coming year.
Through my stay in Montreal, I met lots of Chinese who were struggling to succeed and then led a better life in Canada.
Some travelled thousands of miles to get knowledge. When I spoke with some of them about the major barrier they had to face after they arrived in Canada, they all talked about the two official languages of Canada. But I was impressed by their ability to express their ideas while they switched between English and French.
Almost all of those people said they often felt homesick. They missed their families and friends. Though Montreal had lots of Chinese restaurants, they longed for a home-cooked meal.
I met some tourists who were trying to realize their childhood dreams of experiencing the life in a developed country. When I asked them if Montreal had lived up to their expectations, they hesitated. They said that reality never agrees with fantasies. However, they were glad to have the opportunity to visit Montreal and didn’t regret taking the trip.
Not all the Chinese people I met were happy. I once met a young lady who met a gentleman through the Internet. However, to her disappointment, he disappeared after he promised to marry her in Montreal.
I was served by another Chinese person who could not handle the challenges of studying in an English environment and ended up working in a restaurant with minimum pay.
Exploring different parts of the world, without any doubt, is an amazing experience. However, one should be realistic when it comes to leaving his hometown to set up a new life in a foreign country. One should take the time to examine the advantages and the shortcomings of the venture before they decide to chase an uncertain dream of achieving success or leading a better life.
1. The writer went to his hometown to .| A．meet his old friends | B．prepare for his retirement life |
| C．go on with his teaching | D．study a new language |
| A．food | B．homesickness |
| C．income | D．language |
| A．worried | B．cautious |
| C．neutral | D．positive |
| A．Struggling for a Better Life in Canada. |
| B．Exploring Different Parts of Canada. |
| C．Improving Life Skills in Canada. |
| D．Going to Canada—Your Ideal Destination. |
10 . Lawmakers in Massachusetts have introduced a law that would ban children in the seventh grade or younger from playing tackle football（冲撞式橄榄球）.The Act for No Organized Head Impacts to Schoolchildren, or the NO HITS Act, was introduced last month in an effort to protect children’s heads from blows while at a particularly fragile age.
The bill, which would still allow flag or touch football to be played, would cause fines of up to $2,000 for each time the law is broken. People who frequently break the law, or those whose actions cause physical harm, would face bigger fines.
“It’s all about kids’ health and we have a number of studies that say that repeated contacts（接触） to the head are very bad for you and the younger that starts, the worse it is," said Rep. Paul A. Schmid III （D）,who introduced the bill with House Minority Leader Bradley Jones （R）.
According to a 2017 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers examining 111 brains belonging to former NFL （National Football League） players found the brain disease Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, or CTE, in 110 of them. The disease is associated with repeated head injuries, not just concussions（脑震荡）,and is generally found in athletes, retired soldiers and others with a history of repetitive brain injuries, according to the Concussion Legacy Foundation, a non—profit organization that works to study, treat and prevent future cases of brain injuries among athletes and other at—risk groups.
Similar laws have been considered elsewhere in the country, including California and Illinois last year, though they didn’t secure enough votes to become law. Those against previously proposed（提议的）bans have argued that adequate progress has been achieved to make the sport safer and that the sport offers too many benefits for children to totally avoid it.
Several former NFL players, who have been directly or indirectly affected by CTE, have argued differently, however. “I made the mistake of starting tackle football at 9 years old. Now, CTE has taken my life away.Y outh tackle football is all risk with no reward," Pro Football Hall of Famer Nick Buoniconti told CNN last year.
1. Why was the law introduced by lawmakers in Massachusetts?| A．To make tackle football safer for players. |
| B．To ban children from doing sports too young. |
| C．To encourage the popularity of some safe sports. |
| D．To keep young children from suffering brain injuries. |
| A．The reason why the sport is forbidden. |
| B．The consequences of breaking the new law. |
| C．The causes of the new law in Massachusetts. |
| D．The fines of playing tackle football incorrectly. |
| A．Future cases of brain injuries can be reduced. |
| B．NFL players used to pay much attention to CTE. |
| C．Repeated head blows can result in brain diseases. |
| D．Brain injuries can really be prevented with action. |
| A．Tackle football is less dangerous than people think. |
| B．Young children should avoid playing tackle football. |
| C．Tackle football should be made easier to play than before. |
| D．Young children often make mistakes while playing tackle football. |
