1.调查现状描述；2.简单评论；3.你的观点
| Rich resources | 75% |
| Learning time is not limited | 43% |
| Other benefits | 27% |
The benefits of online learning
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 . Climate change and land-use change are projected to make wildfires more frequent and intense, with a global increase of extreme fires of up to 14 per cent by 2030, 30 per cent by the end of 2050 and 50 per cent by the end of the century, according to a new report by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and GRID-Arendal.
The paper calls for a complete change in government spending on wildfires, changing their investments from reaction and response to prevention and preparedness.
The report, Spreading like Wildfire: The Rising Threat of Extraordinary Landscape Fires, finds a higher risk even for the Arctic and other regions previously unaffected by wildfires. The report had been released before representatives of 193 nations held a meeting in Nairobi for the restarted 5th session of the UN Environment Assembly (UNEA-5.2), between 28 February and 2 March, 2022.
The publication calls on governments to adopt a new “Fire Ready Formula” with two-thirds of spending devoted to planning, prevention, preparedness, and recovery, with one third left for response. Currently, direct responses to wildfires typically receive over hall of related cost, while planning and prevention receive less than one per cent.
To prevent fires, authors call for a combination of data and science-based monitoring systems with native knowledge and for a stronger regional and international cooperation.
“Current government responses to wildfires are often putting money in the wrong place. Those emergency service workers and firefighters on the frontlines who are risking their lives to fight forest wildfires need to be supported. We have to reduce the risk of extreme wildfires by being better prepared: invest more in fire risk reduction, work with local communities, and strengthen global commitment to fight climate change.” said Inger Andersen, UNEP Executive Director.
Wildfires disproportionately (不成比例地) affect the world’s poorest nations. With an impact that extends for days, weeks and even years after the flames die down, they block progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Coals and deepen social inequalities.
1. What does the paper appeal to the government to do with wildfires?| A．Invest more money on forecast. |
| B．Give advanced warning to wild animals |
| C．Focus on the act of stopping them from happening, |
| D．Plant more tress to make up for the loss of forests. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Critical. | C．Unfair. | D．Unconcerned. |
| A．The areas hit by climate change. |
| B．The names of the world’s poorest nations. |
| C．The relationship between wildfires and health. |
| D．The bad effects of wildfires on different fields. |
| A．Wildfires are spreading worldwide. |
| B．The UN held a meeting to discuss wildfires. |
| C．Governments should prepare themselves for wildfires. |
| D．The UNEP Executive Director released a report on wildfires. |
3 . Over the last 50 years, the environmental movement has become so closely associated with the color green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our plane’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its origins go back some way. We have identified green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”.
The human species has a special biological bond with green. Unlike most mammals, which are red-green color blind, we developed a third cone cell. This additional photoreceptor (光感受器) enabled our ancestors to spot ripe red and yellow fruits against the green ones, and to distinguish different green leaves from each other. In daylight conditions, human eyes are more sensitive to green than any other colors.
All over the world, people shared feelings with nature through green materials. Jade, for instance, was used to make objects that would guarantee a successful harvest. The Maya buried their leaders with jade masks for this reason. The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000 BC, identified their crops with green. Their term for the color was wadj, which also meant flourish (繁荣). Egyptian painters often described their god of agriculture, Osiris, as a bright green being.
While the future of our planet remains uncertain, many scientists are convinced that leaves will prove to be a decisive weapon in our battle against climate change. This is as it should be. After all, for early farmers waiting for schools to emerge from the soil and for modern-day activists determined to bring about a sustainable future, green was, and is, a color of hope—after a long cold winter or a drought-ridden summer, the arrival of green will signal a new beginning.
1. What has happened over the past 50 years according to the text?| A．People have been used to buying recycled paper bags. |
| B．A large number of posters have been designed by artists. |
| C．Many factories have closed down due to the serious pollution. |
| D．The environmental movement has greatly affected the Earth’s future. |
| A．They have a special bond with red. |
| B．Their eyes are more sensitive to red. |
| C．They lack a kind of photoreceptor cell. |
| D．Their brains have additional photoreceptors. |
| A．By making a comparison. | B．By giving examples. |
| C．By raisin a question. | D．By using statistics. |
| A．Crucial. | B．Abstract. | C．Complex. | D．Distant. |
4 . I like flying to a foreign destination to visit the attractions during holidays, like millions of people are doing nowadays. The world has an amazing variety of must-see sights, from breathtaking natural scenery to impressive old cities, but too many of us are visiting them at the same time is putting pressure on these delicate and ancient places. Therefore, a number of beauty spots and historic sites have been introducing charges or restrictions on the tourists, which is meant to reduce overcrowding that can do harm to the surroundings of a place, protect old buildings in danger, and tidy up the mess that visitors leave behind.
The famous Italian city of Venice has, for example, introduced an entry fee of up to €10 for short-stay tourists. Citizens in Venice have long complained that the city is too crowded with tourists. Now, passengers arriving by cruise ship will have to pay a “landing tax”. Mayor Luigi Brugnaro says, “It would increase much-needed income to keep the city clean.”
Many cities in Europe have already charged a tax on tourists who stay in hotels and guest houses. This tax raises money to help protect the environment, pay for maintenance(维修) costs, or promote tourism. In Rome, new laws have been introduced to bring down bad tourist behaviour, such as forbidding drinking water from fountains and attaching “love padlocks” to bridges. Now the rules work well.
As more of us can now afford to travel, tourist destinations are getting busier, so maybe new laws and taxes on tourists are to be a necessary part of the sightseeing experience and benefit the beautiful attractions a lot.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the passage?| A．By showing figures. | B．By presenting facts. |
| C．By asking questions. | D．By making comparison. |
| A．Overcrowding of tourists. | B．Lacking of maintenance. |
| C．Extra charges and restrictions. | D．Too much rubbish left by the tourists. |
| A．Visitors staying in hotels for nights. |
| B．Visitors hoping to keep the city clean. |
| C．Visitors damaging the ancient walls. |
| D．Visitors arriving by cruise ship. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Negative. | C．Supportive. | D．Unconcerned. |
5 . New emojis (表情符号) appear every year. The updates come from a California-based nonprofit called Unicode Consortium. Each year, the emoji committee releases new emojis that will update the existing keyboard.
Jennifer Duniel, chair of the committee, says that it’s not the organization coming up with these new characters. It’s the public.
The first emoji keyboard was created in Japan in the 1990s by mobile phone company designer Shigetaka Kurita. Kurita created emojis because the company offered email communications that were limited to 250 characters and an emoji is only one character each but can be used to say more. Emoji have become popular around the world— 92 percent of the online population uses them.
“They aren’t tied to any language. They aren’t tied to any region of the world.” she says.
Anyone is allowed to submit (提交) new emojis, and if they make a strong enough case, Unicode will accept them. “We do get suggestions in lots of different languages from around the world,” says Daniel.
An emoji idea has to meet certain criteria (标准). These criteria include its clear differences, whether it can be used with existing emojis and whether it can have multiple meanings. The popular face with “tears of joy” emoji, for example, is easy to identify, which makes it distinct. You can pair it with many other emojis to convey how you are feeling. Additionally, this emoji has adopted many meanings.
Kids today are very familiar with emojis and how to use them. And the keyboard has got more than 3,600 emoji characters. “They became more and more comfortable and confident using emojis, which means they’re more willing to take risks,” Daniel says of younger generations who grow up with the keyboard.
1. Which best describes emojis?| A．They vary from place to place. |
| B．They are more expressive than words. |
| C．They make daily talk more difficult. |
| D．They are limited in computers. |
| A．It gives emojis new meanings. |
| B．It invents new enojis every year. |
| C．It created the first emoji keyboard. |
| D．It judges the submission of new emojis. |
| A．To show its popularity among young people. |
| B．To make the emoji accepted by more people. |
| C．To make the criteria understood more easily. |
| D．To prove its difference from others. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Indifferent. | C．Cautious | D．Critical |
Life pressure can be big enough, so we need to be surrounded by warm words. A phenomenon
For young people, gaining
Most of us like praise, because it can raise our spirits, warm our hearts and decrease fears and self-doubt. However, anyone giving or receiving praise in such groups should be
7 . In a world where “no news is good news” and good news is not news, the media doesn’t tell stories of good behavior very often, but gives a long description of conflicts instead. However, a new study suggests that good news can actually encourage good actions.
The study examines the warm, encouraging feeling we get from watching someone act with courage or kindness — a feeling known as “moral elevation (道德提升).” In the study, researchers explored whether people are encouraged to do good by simply watching the news on acts of kindness. They also tried to determine whether common acts of kindness would be enough to get fallings of morals elevation, or whether the actions had to be special or amazing.
People read articles and watched videos describing acts of common or uncommon kindness. Some read about an organization that creates neighborhood gardens, while others saw a music video showing how the singer helped poor communities around the world. People then had the chance to give money to others or keep it for themselves.
The results show that hearing about these good actions made people more likely to give away their money — but these actions must be amazing or special good actions, not just everyday acts of kindness. What’s more, people who saw themselves as highly moral people were likely to give money more often than those who did not.
This study has important influences on the news media, which likes to report negative events more often than positive ones. The results show that even a small change by the media could have deep influences. “We have every reason to believe that even a week stimulus (激励), like a story of moral goodness, can bring out moral elevation,” write the authors. So, if the news were to report no good actions more often, perhaps we would see a deep influence among readers.
1. What does the media think of the news on good actions?| A．It is too rare. | B．It is of no value. | C．It is difficult to get. | D．It is more popular. |
| A．Who is likely to enjoy good news. | B．Why people like good news more. |
| C．What kind of news people like best. | D．How people can be influenced by good news. |
| A．When they’ve known about special good actions. |
| B．When they’ve hope to encourage others by kind acts. |
| C．When they’ve been helped by others in daily life. |
| D．When they hear about people who do good actions. |
| A．Traditional media still has a place nowadays. |
| B．Readers should choose to read good news more. |
| C．People should be encouraged to do good actions. |
| D．Making right news choices is important to the media. |
8 . Online scams (诈骗) are targeted at people from all walks of life.
1. Accept that online scams exist
Every time you start dealing with an unknown person or a contact online, you must consider it a possibility that you're dealing with a scammer.
2.Choose passwords carefully
You must choose difficult passwords while updating them from time to time.
3. Don't click what you don't know
A classic style followed by scammers is to send you Trojan horses in emails or messages.
4.
If you ever have doubts in your mind about the intentions of an unknown person, you should first carry out an in-depth search online based on the basic information they share. If you ever receive a request for money from a friend, always call them up to check first.
| A．Don't trust strangers |
| B．Dig deeper before continuing |
| C．Don't share private information online |
| D．All of us are equally open to online scams |
| E．Don't believe something that sounds too good |
| F．Thus, you must avoid opening anything you are not sure about |
| G．It's better to use a mix of numbers, letters, and special symbols |
9 . Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.
Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children’s chromosomes (染色体）, called telomeres(端粒), says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.
Telomeres are special DNA sequences (序列）which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.
Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.
In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children’s telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children 3t ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers measured the children's telomeres —in cells obtained by wiping the insides of their cheeks一at ages 5 and 10.
Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.
Shlev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.
The study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.
1. The new study found that .| A．hardship can change a child's memory |
| B．violence can speed up a child's aging |
| C．violence leaves scars on a child s mind |
| D．hardship has an effect on a child’s mind |
| A．Telomeres. | B．Children. |
| C．Chromosomes. | D．DNA sequences. |
| A．Violence can cause quick cell death in children’s body. |
| B．Telomeres can help prevent chromosomes from separating. |
| C．Children who have shorter telomeres have heart attacks later. |
| D．Being treated badly will make a child’s telomeres shorten faster. |
| A．Violence and Telomeres |
| B．The Function of Telomeres |
| C．Violence Makes Children Aging |
| D．DNA Influences Children’s Growth |
