1 . Typically, a person sitting in the driver's seat of a car opens the door with the hand closest to it. It makes sense since doors are designed to be opened that way. Pull the handle(把手) and immediately the door is open. But if you happen to do that at the wrong time, you may create an obstacle(阻碍) for a passing cyclist without knowing it. Then the cyclist will be sent falling off the bike, and the car door is likely to be damaged by the fast-moving bicycle.

The car door design and long-time habits have made the process instinctual but clearly the solution is for the person getting out of the vehicle to check for traffic. Luckily, there's a simple way to solve the problem: the Dutch reach. In other words, instead of using your left hand, reach for the door latch(门锁) with your right hand. This will force you to turn your body and look into your side view mirror to see whether any car or bike is coming.

''It's just what Dutch people do,'' said Fred Wegman, the former managing director of the National Institute for Road Safety Research in the Netherlands. ''All the Dutch are taught it. It's part of regular driver education.''

The technique dates back about 50 or 60 years, and it was very popular between the 1960s and the 1980s. But it didn't really become known as the Dutch reach until American physician named Michael Charney started the Dutch Reach Project in 2016 in an effort to popularize the practice in the United States. According to The Times, he was motivated by the death of a 27-year-old who rode into an open car door and died just five blocks from his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Charney's efforts may be paying off. Both Massachusetts and Illinois now include the Dutch reach in their drivers’ manuals(手册).

1. What is the first paragraph intended to show?

A．The poor design of the car door and handle.

B．A common conflict between cars and bicycles.

C．A main cause of traffic accidents related to cyclists.

D．Possible risks connected with opening the car door.

2. What does the underlined word ''instinctual'' in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Difficult	B．Possible
C．Natural	D．Dangerous

3. How does the Dutch reach help to reduce traffic accidents?

A．By making the person open the car door more easily.

B．By forcing the person to check for approaching traffic.

C．By reminding the person of the traffic lights frequently.

D．By helping the person see the side view mirror more clearly.

4. What made Charney introduce the Dutch reach into America?

A．Its popularity among Dutch people.

B．Its appearance in drivers’ manuals.

C．A project started in the year 2016.

D．The death caused by a traffic accident.

2 . Luke is a cute dog, living together with me for five years. We get lots of   _________   in our area during the summer season. Many forests are badly _________ by fire each year. That hot summer, not far from our shelter, a forest   _________ fire. It was July, and there had been a heat wave going on for three days.

Somehow, Luke rushed toward the forest. There was no longer any hope at that moment to wait for Luke to come back to the _______. In fact, I was waiting for firefighters to tell me that he had _______ in the forest. Suddenly, a fireman burst into my office and     _______     me that Luke had succeeded in saving four kittens who had been _______by the flames. I _______   accompanied the fireman to the forest to get him back. _______ we got to the scene of the incident, we didn’t see Luke. Then we heard the   ________ of a dog barking in the forest. I ________the barks as Luke’s. The firemen ________ the tracks of the dog until they found him barking loudly by the side of an injured ________. Thanks to Luke, four kittens and a fireman were saved. This true story shows us that pets are loving, caring and compassionate. We should love and ________them. Little animals can do     ________     things for humans.

1.

A．rain

B．sun

C．noise

D．fires

2.

A．damaged

B．removed

C．changed

D．treated

3.

A．made

B．caught

C．set

D．burned

4.

A．forest

B．house

C．area

D．shelter

5.

A．lost

B．died

C．appeared

D．remained

6.

A．warned

B．reminded

C．informed

D．promised

7.

A．buried

B．trapped

C．controlled

D．swallowed

8.

A．immediately

B．slightly

C．approximately

D．particularly

9.

A．Since

B．Unless

C．When

D．Until

10.

A．call

B．shout

C．voice

D．sound

11.

A．understood

B．recognized

C．treated

D．realized

12.

A．recorded

B．noticed

C．followed

D．wanted

13.

A．fireman

B．doctor

C．farmer

D．teacher

14.

A．save

B．raise

C．protect

D．hate

15.

A．fun

B．enormous

C．little

D．risky

3 . High-Wire Act

Mickey Wilson had been on the mountain only a few seconds when he heard the scream. Wilson, 28 years old, had just gotten off the cable car (索道缆车) at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area in Keystone, Colorado, along with his friends Billy Simmons and Hans Mueller. Their friend Richard had been on the cable car ahead of them, but when the men reached the top of the lift, he had disappeared. The men walked toward the source of the scream and found skiers stopped on the slope, pointing to the cable car. And then the friends screamed too.

“Oh, Richard!” yelled Mueller.

When Richard had tried to jump off the cable car, his backpack had been caught in the chair, which then dragged him back down the hill. In the process, the backpack belt twisted around his neck, making him breathless. Now Richard’s body was swinging four feet above the snow. The cable car operator had quickly stopped it, and the friends kicked off their skis and ran toward the scene. They made a human pyramid to try to reach Richard, but the unconscious man was too far off the ground. With the clock ticking, Wilson ran to the ladder of a nearby lift tower. Scared skiers watched as he struggled the 25 feet. After he reached the top, Wilson’s first challenge was to climb onto the two-inch steel cable that held the chairs. He handled the balance and height bravely, but he knew he could not walk on the cable. Therefore, he calmed down and sat over it and then used his hands to pull himself to Richard quickly. Wilson’s greatest fear wasn’t that he’d fall, but that he wouldn’t reach Richard. “This was life or death,” he said.

When he reached Richard’s chair, Wilson swung a leg over the cable and attempted to drop down onto it. But as he did that, his jacket caught on the movable footrest, which was in the up position. The footrest began to slide down, with Wilson attached. But before that could happen, he managed to free himself and reached Richard.

Fortunately, the ski patrol (巡查) had gathered below and performed emergency treatment on Richard, who had been hanging for about five minutes, then skied him down to an ambulance.

That night, Richard called from the hospital to express his thanks to Wilson, his other friends and the workers at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area.

1. What happened to Richard when he tried to jump off the cable car?

A．He was sick and became unconscious.

B．He left his skis which stopped the cable car.

C．He was too afraid to move forward in the cable car.

D．He was caught by the neck, hanging down the cable.

2. How did Richard survive?

A．People worked together and saved him.

B．Wilson climbed on the cable and saved him.

C．The ski patrol got him down and treated him.

D．Skiers treated him and carried him to the hospital.

3. The author wrote the fourth paragraph to show that _______.

A．the rescue process was dangerous

B．something was wrong with the cable car

C．Wilson could manage the process very well

D．the operator of the cable car ignored his duty

4. The story at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area mainly tells us ______.

A．it is very dangerous to go skiing

B．he that climbs high often falls heavily

C．bravery and calm can help you make a difference

D．a person with a great talent always has great will-power

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What part of Dave’s body was injured?

A．His right ankle.

B．His left arm.

C．His left ankle.

2. Where does the conversation probably take place?

A．At home.

B．At school.

C．Over the phone.

5 .

A．A pleasant holiday.	B．a bad accident .
C．The man’s luck.	D．The man’s attitude.

6 . 阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。

My sister and I boarded a small plane together with 40 other passengers. Unluckily, while flying over the mountains, the plane met with violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknown mountain top. The crash killed a few passengers immediately, leaving many injured including my sister. In order to add a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm. We melted snow into water to drink. We knew our food could not last us long, sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon.

We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended(混合) in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen for helicopters from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out through our radio that the rescue effort ended. Most of us were very depressed though it’s no use.

Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine(尿)everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey.

注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 4:

The mountain we were to challenge was one with slopes so steep(陡峭) that it would scare away a team of expert climbers.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph5:

Standing on the top, disappointed and regretful, we were about to give up hope when I spotted a village at the bottom of the mountain.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What day might it be yesterday?

A．Monday.

B．Tuesday.

C．Saturday.

2. What did the woman do after hearing the noise last night?

A．She went to sleep.

B．She turned the light on.

C．She went up for a look.

3. Who is the woman probably talking to?

A．A neighbor.

B．Her husband.

C．A policeman.

8 . A few years ago, a doctor gave a wrong prescription to a 9-year-old boy because he had accidentally clicked the next medicine listed in the drop-down menu. Unfortunately, the boy died.

Dr. Gidi Stein heard the story and felt forced to do something. “It was like killing someone with a spelling error. He just clicked on the wrong button,” Stein said. “One would have thought there’d be some kind of spell-checker to prevent these terrible things from happening. But apparently this is not the case.”

Several things were immediately obvious to the 54-year-old Stein, who had previously studied computer science. “If you look at this problem from a bird’s eye view, there were so many places down the line where this decision could have been stopped — from the physician to the pharmacy (药房) even to the mother. All of them had all the relevant information to have a judgment call that this was just the wrong drug for the wrong patient.” For Stein, it represented a systemic failure.

Stein compared this with credit cards. “If you use your credit card in the daily routine over time, a pattern of how we use our cards comes out: the grocery store, the gas station in our local town. If your credit card would appear tomorrow in Zimbabwe, it would be unusual. The credit card company would call you and say, ‘Hey, was that you?’”

But nothing like that existed in the field of prescription drugs. So Stein set up a company called MedAware. He came up with a machine learning outlier detection (异常检测值) system. In other words, he trained the computers to realize if a doctor accidentally prescribed the wrong medicine.

The system is already used in hospitals and doctor’s offices. To date, MedAware has used their technology to help nearly six million patients in the United States and Israel.

1. What led to the boy’s death?

A．The doctor’s carelessness.	B．The drawback of the computer.
C．The doctor’s poor medical skill.	D．The incomplete health care system.

2. What does Stein feel about this medical accident?

A．Angry.	B．Frightened.
C．Embarrassed.	D．Regretful.

3. What can MedAware’s technology do?

A．Help doctor choose right medicine.	B．Reminds patients to take medicine.
C．Introduce new drugs to doctors.	D．Check the prescription.

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A diary.	B．A guidebook.
C．A magazine.	D．A science fiction.

9 . On October 13, a small plane flying to Chile accidentally crashed into a mountain in the Andes. How some of the passengers ______ to live is one of the greatest survival stories ever told.

The survivors ____ inside the remains of the plane, using seat covers for blankets,   and waited for a   ______   that never came. Days turned into weeks. It was urgent to find a way to   ______. Three of the passengers - Canessa, Parrado, and Vizintin volunteered to ______ through the mountains to search for help. When they left, each man wore similar clothes: three pairs of socks, a plastic bag   ______ each foot to keep the water out, boots, four pairs of trousers, and four sweaters. Many of the clothes came from those who died in the crash. The three men ______ that they would survive and bring back help.

For part of the first day, they were glad to make some ______. But as the land and weather changed, climbing became   ______. After several days, they reached what they thought was the top. They had   ______ this moment for days. On the other side of the top, they hoped, would be a ______ leading down and out of the mountains. However, they saw the same snow-covered tops. All hope wasn’t   ______. Although they were still in the middle of the mountains, Parrado   ______ two low tops far away that didn’t have snow. If they get there, they would be out of the Andes.

Within the following days, they walked toward the two low tops. Little by little, the landscape began to change. Snow ______ completely, and flowers were everywhere. “This is the valley,” Canessa said. “This is the way ______.” Then things of humanity started to appear-a few cans on the ground, some farm animals in a field. By December 21, the extremely ______ men made it to the town of Los Maitenes, and a rescue team was sent immediately to ______ for the survivors who were still high in the Andes.

Finally all of the remaining survivors were ______. The memories of the crash in the Andes would be with the friends forever, but for now, their terrible ______ was over. They had made it out ______.

1.

A．learned

B．expected

C．decided

D．managed

2.

A．stayed

B．looked

C．turned

D．reached

3.

A．present

B．rescue

C．message

D．danger

4.

A．prepare

B．continue

C．escape

D．develop

5.

A．journey

B．compare

C．measure

D．expand

6.

A．against

B．under

C．beside

D．around

7.

A．admitted

B．demanded

C．informed

D．promised

8.

A．plan

B．effort

C．progress

D．suggestion

9.

A．tougher

B．heavier

C．sharper

D．narrower

10.

A．appreciated

B．arranged

C．witnessed

D．imagined

11.

A．court

B．valley

C．border

D．channel

12.

A．lost

B．left

C．sent

D．kept

13.

A．rejected

B．counted

C．spotted

D．mentioned

14.

A．declined

B．froze

C．spread

D．disappeared

15.

A．behind

B．out

C．apart

D．off

16.

A．frightened

B．disappointed

C．tired

D．puzzled

17.

A．fight

B．call

C．search

D．ask

18.

A．listed

B．saved

C．picked

D．treated

19.

A．performance

B．experience

C．challenge

D．exploration

20.

A．alive

B．cool

C．free

D．crazy

10 . Time flies, but the tracks of time remain in books and museums. This is what made a recent tragedy in Brazil even more terrible.

On Sept 2, a big fire broke out in the National Museum of Brazil, the oldest scientific institution in the country, in Rio de Janeiro. “Two hundred years of work, research and knowledge were lost,” Brazilian President Michel Temer wrote on Twitter after the fire. It’s a sad day for all Brazilians.

Most of the 20 million pieces of history are believed to have been destroyed. Only as little as 10 percent of the collection may have survived, Time reported. Among all the items, there were Egyptian mummies, the bones of uniquely Brazilian creatures such as the long-necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus, and an 11,500-year-old skull called Luzia, which was considered one of South America’s oldest human fossils.

Besides these, Brazil’s local knowledge also suffered. The museum housed world famous collections of local objects, as well as many audio recordings of local languages from all over Brazil. Some of these recordings, now lost, were of languages that are no longer spoken.

“The tragedy this Sunday is a sort of national suicide(自杀). A crime against our past and future generations.” Bernard Mello Franco, one of Brazil’s best-known reporters wrote on the newspaper site.

The cause of the fire is still unknown, as BBC News reported on Sept 3. After the fire burned out, crowds protested(抗议) outside the museum to show their anger at the loss of the irreplaceable items of historical value.

According to Emilio Bruna, an ecologist at the University of Florida, museums are living, breathing places of who we are and where we’ve come from, and the world around us. Those insects pinned in a drawer, or those fish in a jar, or a feathered cape(斗篷) you might see in a display case represent a little piece of who we are as a people, as humans, as part of a greater world, he told National Geographic.

Just as underwater grass floats on the surface if it loses its roots, a nation is lost without its memories.

1. What do we know from Brazilian President’s words on Twitter?

A．He felt responsible for the fire of National Museum.

B．The museum is the oldest national scientific institution.

C．All Brazilians felt sorry for the fire that day.

D．The fire caused serious historical loss to Brazil.

2. Which of the following might have survived in the big fire?

A．Egyptian mummies.

B．The long-necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus.

C．Some audio recordings of local languages.

D．An 11,500-year-old skull called Luzia

3. In which section of a newspaper can we read this article?

A．Advertisement.	B．News report.
C．Campus life.	D．Geography.