Many people especially children, do not have good handwashing habits. Children may think that it is a tiresome thing to do. To help solve this problem, two entrepreneurs (企业家) from India created a product to turn handwashing into a fun activity. Amanat Anand and Shubham Issar created a device called the SoaPen. Issar said, “The SoaPen is a soap that kids can draw with. It's a fun way to teach kids how to wash their hands.”
AS the name suggests, the SoaPen is a pen made out of soap. The children draw on their hands with the soap pen and then wash it off. If they do not spend enough time washing it off, the colors remain on their hands.
To get their product on the market, the two women joined a business development program in Washington D. C. called Halcyon Incubator. Mike Malloy is the program manager at Halcyon Incubator. He said turning a great idea into a product that can help others is not easy. “There is kind of an up-and-down- roller coaster ride in the journey of being an entrepreneur. One day things are going great; the next day things are terrible. And if you' re doing that alone, it can be really, really difficult.”
Halcyon connects what it calls “social entrepreneurs” with business professionals. These experts help the entrepreneurs sell their products. Anand said that with this business help, they were able to do more than they would have by themselves.
Anand and Issar said their goal is to donate one SoaPen to children of poor families for every three they sell at full price. The product could have a real influence on public health. The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, UNICEF, reports that 1.5 million children die each year as a result of diarrhea (痢疾). UNICEF says good handwashing could decrease that number by 40 percent.
1. Why did the two entrepreneurs create the SoaPen?| A．To teach kids how to draw. | B．To help kids have some fun. |
| C．To get kids to wash their hands quickly. | D．To encourage kids to wash hands carefully |
| A．They turned to Halcyon Incubator. | B．They created a development program. |
| C．They asked other entrepreneurs for help. | D．They employed some business professionals. |
| A．Being an entrepreneur is full of surprises. | B．Being an entrepreneur is very painful. |
| C．Being an entrepreneur is a cool thing. | D．Being an entrepreneur is really hard. |
| A．Its price. | B．Its value. | C．Its popularity. | D．Its quality. |
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【推荐1】While you might not realize it, the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night. With a few simple lifestyle changes, you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality.
Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly (不规律地).
Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy. If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you are tired.
Pay attention to what you eat and drink. Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Avoid caffeine (咖啡因) 6 hours before you sleep. Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep. Coffee isn’t the only product containing caffeine. Avoid chocolate and tea, too. Also limit how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night.
Many people turn on the TV before they go to bed. TV influences your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would, especially if you are watching something exciting. Instead of turning on the TV, read a book. Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly.
If you suffer from serious sleep problems, go to your doctor. Your doctor will help treat the problems or may advise you to see a sleep specialist.
1. What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?| A．Get up a bit later than usual. | B．Go to bed at a regular time. |
| C．Watch some relaxing TV programs. | D．Avoid drinking coffee or tea in the day. |
| A．To drink some water. | B．To do some light reading. |
| C．To listen to light music. | D．To get up and relax. |
| A．Having slept too much. | B．Having eaten too much. |
| C．Feeling too sad. | D．Feeling too tired. |
| A．What to do before going to bed. | B．The importance of sleeping well. |
| C．How to improve your sleep quality. | D．The relationship between sleep and lifestyle. |
【推荐2】Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time—about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps (小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease. Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it!If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap—even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
1. Why do you sometimes feel sleepy in the early afternoon?
| A．Because it’s hot in summer. |
| B．Because you eat too much for lunch. |
| C．Because you didn’t have a good sleep last night. |
| D．Because your body temperature goes down at that time. |
| A．All the people in warmer climates take naps in the middle of the day. |
| B．Doctors need to take naps while employers don’t. |
| C．Taking naps regularly is beneficial to people’s health. |
| D．If you take naps every day, you’ll never suffer from heart disease. |
| A．Five hours later. |
| B．Six hours later. |
| C．Seven hours later. |
| D．Eight hours later. |
| A．Just for a Rest |
| B．All need a Nap |
| C．A Special Sleep Pattern |
| D．Taking Naps in Warmer Climate |
【推荐3】Christy Nielson has suffered from migraine(偏头疼) since she was a kid. She had assumed that the headaches would become part of her life until she finally found a cure in her diet.
It was when she turned to Nicola, a doctor in San Diego, who listened to her symptoms and tested her for possible allergies. While waiting for the results, Nicola eliminated her diet, restricting her food to fruit, vegetables, and meat. It turned out that a protein found in wheat, which had always been part of Nielson’s diet, was to blame. Today, Nielson says her migraines are not that severe without wheat.
However, people with migraines react to food in very different ways. A study, published by researchers at the National Institutes of Health, found that a diet higher in fish oils rather than vegetable oils helped people to reduce the frequency and intensity. For others, the relief comes from plants, not fish. Last year the British Medical Journal published a report about a patient who had experienced remarkable relief from migraines after switching to a plant-based diet. Clearly, what works for one person may not work for another.
So, if you suspect that food may contribute to your migraines, there are several steps you can take to check. Record the foods you have eaten, the time you ate, and when your headache symptoms occurred. After identifying your allergy foods, see if removing them from your diet is gone for good. Be careful about dropping too many foods, or it can lead to lack of nutrition if not done carefully. Consider adding fish oil to your diet or trying to eat more plant-based foods. Try to experiment with different diets to see if changing your eating habits will cure your migraines.
1. How did the doctor find the cause of Nielson’s headache?| A．By changing her diet. | B．By restricting her food. |
| C．By testing her allergies. | D．By examining her body. |
| A．They respond to foods variously. |
| B．They are sensitive to vegetable oils. |
| C．They have different ways to obtain foods. |
| D．They work differently to reduce headaches |
| A．Be a food detective. | B．Add fish oil to diets. |
| C．Drop foods from diets. | D．Record headache symptoms. |
| A．A Story of Migraine Cure | B．A Way for Migraine Treatment |
| C．A Research on Migraine headaches | D．A Discovery in Migraine Symptoms |
【推荐1】About 20 years ago Nissan introduced the world’s first “talking car”. Actually, it was just a recorded voice that would tell you that your door was open, and would continue talking to you until you closed it. Of course, it never caught on.
Times have changed and the talking car of the near future is a car that you talk to, rather than a car that talks to you. You’ll be able to control your radio by giving voice orders, get traffic reports and directions, and send and receive e-mails. To do this, you needn’t push a button at all.
This is good news for those who spend more and more of their lives in their cars. In fact, the new type of cars will be more like offices on wheels, with computers, wireless Internet access, and satellite radio inside. Companies are hoping that time wasted in traffic could be put to better use. If workers are able to check their e-mails, faxes, and meeting time on the way to work, they can spend more time at the office doing more important tasks.
Microsoft, of course, is hoping that every one of those mobile offices will use Windows. “It’s a great goal,” says Dick Brass, VP of Microsoft’s automotive division. “But we’d like to have one of our operating systems in every car on earth. “There are already 650 million cars in the world, and every year about 50 million new cars roll off the production lines. If Brass’ wish came true, cars could become a bigger business for Microsoft than computers.”
1. The radio of the new talking car can be operated by receiving ________.| A．traffic reports | B．voice orders | C．light signals | D．electricity energy |
| A．their workers will have more time to do more important work |
| B．their workers will get to the office earlier |
| C．much time will be wasted in traffic |
| D．their workers will check e-mails, faxes, and meeting time at home |
| A．turned on | B．took off | C．become popular | D．was colourful |
| A．all of the mobile offices will use Windows |
| B．about 50 million new cars are produced every year |
| C．the new type of talking car has a recorded voice inside |
| D．the talking car of the near future is a car that talks to you |
【推荐2】The clockwork radio is the only radio that doesn’t need electricity. It works by turning the handle (手柄)for a minute. Nowadays, thousands of these radios are made every day. They are bought by people in some places, where there isn’t any electricity. The clockwork radio was invented in 1991 by Trevor Bayliss, a British inventor. He had the idea within half an hour while he was listening to some news in the radio about Africa: some Africans were dying of AIDS and there was no easy way to send them information about the disease. The first one he made ran for 14 minutes before needing to turn the handle again, but one year later, it improved. However, people didn’t know it until it appeared on a television programme called Tomorrow’s World.
At the beginning, no one would help Trevor develop his idea for a new kind of radio. Finally, in 1994，his invention was shown on the TV programme, and afterwards, a South African businessman watched it and decided to help him. The first Freeplay radios were built in South Africa in 1995. Since then, the radios have been a great success. And then Trevor has become famous. He has been given many awards(奖品)，including one from Nelson Mandela.
Mr. Bayliss, whose latest project is a wind-up walking stick, created a website offering inventors suggestions on patenting (专利)and marketing. After that, he also invented electric shoes, which produce electricity as you walk. And the self-weighing suitcase is also his invention- you pick it up and the handle tells you how much it weighs. That’s very useful when you go to the airport.
1. When did the radio appear on Tomorrow’s World?| A．In 1991. | B．In 1992. | C．In 1994. | D．In 1995. |
a. He invented electric shoes. b. He met a South African businessman.
c. His clockwork radio was welcomed by people. d. He improved his radio.
| A．acdb. | B．bcda. | C．cadb. | D．dbca. |
| A．To introduce his ideas about inventions. | B．To help inventors with their patents. |
| C．To sell the clockwork radios. | D．To show his awards on it |
| A．The invention of the clockwork radio. | B．The good use of the clockwork radio. |
| C．Mr. Bayliss’ patent protection. | D．Mr. Bayliss’ inventive ideas. |
【推荐3】Two chemical engineers at the University of Delaware are developing better ways to produce fuels from sunlight. Feng Jiao and Bingjun Xu received a $500,000 from the NSF for research on solar-driven carbon dioxide utilization(利用)for environmental sustainability.
This research is motivated by the fact that the world’s population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050 and it will be increasingly critical to balance food, energy and water resources and reduce harmful carbon dioxide. Many processes involved in food and water production and transport are major contributors to carbon dioxide emissions.
Together with researchers at Tianjin University in China, Jiao and Xu designed a system that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by using solar electricity. Their system will use electrolysis(电解), a process that uses electric current to make a chemical reaction to turn carbon dioxide and water into liquid carbon-based fuels. They will use copper to speed up the chemical reactions.
Then, the research team will develop a prototype(原型)reactor and perform technical and economic analysis to determine the potential to commercialize this technology. If used on a large scale, this technology has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuels.
Finally, the team will determine the environmental impacts of their device. The technology developed through this could help the solar industry and research community and could be extended to chemical processes beyond the breakdown of carbon dioxide.
”If successful, this technology could provide the community a green, sustainable way to produce chemicals and fuels without using any fossil source, “said Jiao.” This technology also aims to address the challenges associated with renewable energy utilization and storage.“
1. What motivated Feng Jiao and Bingjun Xu to do the research?| A．A worrying fact. | B．A childhood dream. |
| C．A wish to succeed. | D．A surprising discovery. |
| A．How their system will work. |
| B．How they designed their system. |
| C．How their system will benefit us. |
| D．How they will improve their system. |
| A．The new technology will be challenging to use. |
| B．The new technology can only be used in one way. |
| C．The new technology will provide us with more energy. |
| D．The new technology will be of great value if successful. |
| A．A travel guide. | B．A newspaper. |
| C．A textbook. | D．A science fiction. |
【推荐1】The success of The Pickwick Papers made Dickens very popular. He suddenly found himself at twenty-four the most famous novelist of his day. Busy as his social life was, he worked on two novels at the same time—Oliver Twist and The Pickwick Papers. He was particularly proud of The Pickwick Papers, which was a huge success and was regarded as a comedy (喜剧) masterpiece (杰作). “If I were to live a hundred years and write novels in each, I should never be so proud of any of them as I am proud of The Pickwick Papers,” he said.
It has been said of Dickens that he grasped (抓住) the imagination of his readers because his imagination grasped himself. The people in his works were so real that they could make him laugh or cry. When writing Oliver Twist he said that he could not rest until Fagin, the wrongdoer (做坏事的人), had been hanged.
Dickens’ marriage to Catherine Hagarth, with whom he had ten children, ended unhappily in 1858. He started to travel about giving readings of his works. His interest in theater gave his novels the qualities that made them suitable for reading aloud on the stage. A tiring travel to the United States affected his health. On June 9, 1870, when he was working on a new novel, he died, as he had wished. He said he wanted to die working.
1. Dickens became a famous novelist .| A．because his social work |
| B．when he began to give readings of his works |
| C．because he was writing two novels at the same time |
| D．with the success of The Pickwick Papers |
| A．was only interested in writing novels |
| B．didn’t like Oliver Twist |
| C．didn’t think he could write a better novel than The Pickwick Papers in his life |
| D．wished to live one hundred years and write three novels in each |
| A．a person in real life |
| B．a character in Oliver Twist |
| C．a character in The Pickwick Papers |
| D．one of Dickens’ works |
| A．Dickens had a happy marriage to Catherine Hagarth. |
| B．Dickens was a successful actor. |
| C．Dickens’ death had little to do with his hard work. |
| D．Dickens had wished to die in the course of his work. |
Develop social skills
As children play pretend, they explore relationships between family members, friends and co-workers and learn more about how people interact. Playing doctor, they imagine how physicians care for their patients. Playing house, they learn more about how parents feel about their children. Imaginative play helps develop sympathy for others. If children can imagine how it feels to be left out of a game or to lose a pet, they are better able to help those in need. They become more willing to play fair, to share, and to cooperate.
Build self-confidence
Young children have very little control over their lives. Imagining oneself as a builder of skyscrapers or a superhero defending the planet is empowering to a child. It helps them develop confidence in their abilities and their potential.
Boost intellectual growth
Using the imagination is the beginning of abstract thought. Children who can see a king’s castle in a mound of sand or a delicious dinner in a mud pie are learning to think symbolically. This skill is important in school where a child will have to learn that numerals symbolize groups of objects, letters symbolize sounds, and so on.
Practice language skills
Kids who play pretend with their friends do a lot of talking. This helps boost their vocabulary, improve sentence structure and enhance communication skills.
Work out fears
Playing pretend can help children work out their fears and worries. When children role-play about the big, bad monster under the bed, they gain a sense of control over him and he doesn’t seem quite so big or so bad. Imaginative play also helps kids let out confusing feelings they might have, such as anger toward a parent or rivalry (竞争) with a new sibling (兄弟姐妹).
To encourage your youngster’s imagination, read to him every day. Books offer children the opportunity to visit other worlds and create new ones of their own.
For generations children have enjoyed reading the story of Peter Pan because Peter takes them on fascinating adventures. Reader’s Digest Young Families offers a beautiful vintage Disney edition of Peter Pan, which is an iParenting Media Award winner. Click here to find out how you can get this classic story along with 2 free books -- Bambi and Pinocchio.
1. Where can you probably find the article?
| A．Newspaper. | B．Magazine. | C．Internet. | D．Book. |
| A．improve. | B．limit. | C．pull. | D．praise. |
| A．Understanding the other people’s feelings and problems. |
| B．Expressing their feelings like anger. |
| C．Having a strong faith in their own abilities and potential. |
| D．Helping them form a good habit of reading story. |
【推荐3】Quantum theory (量子理论) is perhaps the most successful scientific idea ever. Yet, a century after its birth, something remains deeply puzzling about quantum theory. It does not tell us how physical systems behave. Instead, it treats any physical system as a black box: if you do this to it now, it will react like that later. What happens in between? The theory simply doesn't tell us.
An idea has recently begun to catch on. Perhaps there is no need to make anything up about what lies behind quantum theory. Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality, where a property is no more than something that affects something else. Perhaps this is precisely what “properties” are: the effects of interactions.
Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup. Its being blue is not a property of the cup alone: colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup’s surface. Its being “a teacup" refers to its potential function as a drinking container: for an alien who doesn’t know about drinking tea, the very concept of a teacup is meaningless. As quantum theory shows: they are defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world.
Then, it comes with a lesson. We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of interactions, not individuals. This is why, in classic game theory, the winners in the long run are those who cooperate. Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual’s fortunes. It misunderstands the true nature of reality, and is ultimately self-defeating, which leads to unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all human-kind faces as a whole.
1. What possibly does quantum theory tell according to the text?| A．How physical systems behave. | B．How to treat physical systems. |
| C．What effects one has on itself. | D．What the structure of reality is. |
| A．By giving an example. | B．By making a comparison. |
| C．By quoting a scientist. | D．By conducting a survey. |
| A．The consequence we bear. | B．The theory in classic games. |
| C．The fortunes individuals have. | D．The way to measure success. |
| A．To clarify a physics theory. | B．To draw attention to interaction. |
| C．To challenge a popular idea. | D．To present reflections on games. |
【推荐1】One of the things that I have learned during my time here is that Czech people are really good at celebrating and holding parties. Since I graduated this year, I have a lot of experience of seeing this first-hand. The greatest event for us was definitely the prom (毕业舞会) held for graduating students. Girls started arranging their gowns (礼服) a year beforehand. Graduating students also needed to give their “Midnight Surprise” (a group performance). One interesting thing was that students from every class were holding a huge colorful bag and people had to throw money into it. I didn’t get any sleep that night because we all went to an after-party with our teachers and friends.
At the end of April, we held the traditional activity called “The Last Ringing”, which lasted for two days. Every class had a theme and graduates wore different costumes. We prepared tasty desserts and food to sell. We broke into one classroom after another asking students to give us money, which might seem insane but it is part of the tradition.
By the end of May, we had already finished all of the final exams and we started preparing for the graduation ceremony. It was held in the conference hall (会场) in our school at five o'clock in the afternoon. Parents could come, too. We got our graduation certificate in a gray folder (文件夹) from our class teacher, and we also shook hands with the headmaster. When I received my certificate, I almost teared up-I didn’t want to say goodbye to them or to the school.
That wasn’t the last celebration though. After four days, our class invited all of our teachers to come to a farewell dinner at an Italian restaurant. We used all of the money we collected from the prom and “The Last Ringing” to order pizzas and champagne. We all talked and ate together.
A year ago, we were all complaining and hoping that high school would end. But I felt sad when the time finally came and it was over. We have officially left our school. I keep telling myself that everything has an ending. This journey was amazing. Although it has come to an end, I will always keep the memories I made close to my heart. I won’t ever forget them.
1. What did the author find interesting about the Czech prom?| A．Boys and girls exchanged gifts. |
| B．Students were required to make gowns by themselves. |
| C．Students had to bring homemade food. |
| D．Students used a colorful bag to collect money. |
| A．Reasonable. | B．Crazy. |
| C．Unusual. | D．Wonderful. |
| A．She is determined to apply to a Czech university. |
| B．She should have worked harder at school. |
| C．She values the wonderful memories from high school. |
| D．She prefers the farewell party over the “The Last Ringing”. |
【推荐2】Bored? lonely? Out of condition? Need to relax? Why not try the SPORTS CENTER?
TENNIS
Indoor and outdoor courts. Coaching from beginners to advanced learners. Children only. Mornings.
SKIING
Gentle slopes (坡). 3 levels instructors at weekends and Fridays. Daytime practice.8 years old upwards.
SWIMMING
2 pools, heated, Olympic length.
Women: Tuesday and Thursday.
Men: Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Children: Saturday.
GOLF
9 hole practice course. Professional coaching. Lessons must be booked in advance in daytime. Evening practice. Minimum age-9 years.
GYMNASTICS
Maximum age-18 years.
Children aged 5-10: Mondays and Wednesdays. 4:00-6:00p.m.
10-18 year olds: Friday evenings.
AND MANY MORE
Table Tennis, Snooker (斯诺克台球), Darts (掷镖), Café (all day), Bar (lunch time and evenings), Nursery (weekdays and weekends, not evenings).
Center open: 10:00 a.m.-10:00 p.m. Daily.
Interested? More details, call 800-1234-5678.
1. What is the purpose of the advertisement?| A．To show some ways to spend weekends. |
| B．To introduce a place to relax ourselves. |
| C．To introduce some events in a sports meet. |
| D．To give people some ideas to spend their holidays. |
| A．People can play tennis day and night. |
| B．People under 20 can also take gymnastics. |
| C．Children at any age can play golf in the center. |
| D．Men and women swim in the center separately. |
| A．5. | B．6. |
| C．8. | D．11. |
【推荐3】The morning after a storm, you wake up, open the window, and find a dead bird lying outside. On closer inspection, the bird is still breathing and moving slightly. Unless you have experience, you likely won’t be able to cure an injured bird. But that doesn’t mean you can’t rescue (援救) it.
For a smaller bird, all you need to do is grasp it gently around the body, put it in a soft paper bag, and place it where it won’t get stepped on or attacked by a pet. Don t use a box because if the bird tries to flap (拍打) its wings against the hard sides, it might hurt itself. Then give it some time to recover in the dark, where it’s not too stressed out about what’s happening around it. Every species has a different diet, so don’t try to feed it seeds or worse, bread.
If you start to hear some movement in the bag, that means the bird is in shock and is now ready to go. Take it to a tree-filled area, away from traffic if possible, and tip the bag over on the ground to let the animal fly out. If it doesn’t exit willingly or has trouble using its wings, it might have a more serious injury. In that case, look for a wildlife rehabilitator in the area or contact your local animal control agency.
For a larger bird like a hawk or woodpecker that might try to sink a beak or talon (喙或爪子) into your skin, call in an expert right away. If they can’t get to you quickly, calm the bird down by dropping a towel over its head: It should stop struggling once its sight is covered. You can then hold it by the body (again, avoid picking it up by the wings or legs) and move it into a box or pet carrier. Pile the towel up against the sides to keep the bird from flapping itself against cardboard or plastic.
1. What should you do when finding an injured small bird?| A．Feed it with some bread. | B．Move it into a soft bag. |
| C．Leave it alone in the woods. | D．Put it into a wooden box. |
| A．Seller. | B．Trainer. | C．Rescuer. | D．Keeper. |
| A．Fastening its wings with a rope. | B．Keeping it out of all the buildings. |
| C．Being careful not to let it fly away. | D．Trying to avoid getting it hurt by itself. |
| A．How to help injured birds. | B．How birds end up on the ground. |
| C．Why some birds get injured. | D．Where to keep injured birds. |
