Over the last several years, Japanese and Korean beauty services have moved over to the North American market, which may partly explain why we’re now seeing activated charcoal (活性炭) in so many products - it has long been used in those countries as a cleaning ingredient (原料). But there’s another reason for its recent popularity: marketers know we are suckers for anything novel. “Activated charcoal is highly popular on the Internet,”says dietitian Abby Langer. The charcoal in activated charcoal is created by burning carbon-rich materials such as wood and bamboo, turning them into a concentrated black material. Then the charcoal is”activated”by steaming it at high temperatures, which opens up its carbon structure and makes it full of very small holes that can join together dirt, oil, and bacteria on its surface.
However, does it really improve beauty and other products? Here’s the thing: despite some stories of clear skin from nutritionists, personal trainers and movie stars, there is no clinical evidence for the effectiveness of activated charcoal as a beauty quality. Likewise, there is no good evidence showing that using charcoal products for health in the mouth will make your breath fresher or teeth whiter. In a CBC story last year, the Canadian Dental Association wouldn’t recommend using charcoal products because they have no proven health benefits, and they may even damage your enamel(the hard white outer layer of your teeth).
Activated charcoal also enjoys a high status in the food industry, being used by restaurants and food brands to turn a long list of food and drinks a deep black color. So before you shell out extra cash for a lemonade with activated charcoal, remember that you’re paying for the look - there’s no scientific evidence for the”detox(排毒)” action it promises.
There are some proven uses for this stuff, though. In the emergency room. doctors sometimes feed some activated charcoal to patients who have been poisoned. If it’s done quickly - ideally within minutes but up to an hour after being poisoned, while the poisonous substance is still in the stomach - it prevents the body from absorbing it. So yes, activated charcoal might save your life. However, everyday users should know that it doesn’t combine with alcohol, so it won’t magical erase the effects of late-night drinking. Also, be aware that it doesn’t tell the difference between the bad and the good: it will mix with blood pressure medication pills and get them through your system, too.
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．Are crazy about | B．Tend to ignore |
| C．Pretend to know | D．Are doubtful about |
| A．Supportive. | B．Tolerant. |
| C．Unconcerned. | D．Disapproving. |
| A．Controlling blood pressure. |
| B．Keeping food and drink fresh. |
| C．Absorbing poison in the stomach. |
| D．Reducing the effects of overdrinking. |
| A．Activated charcoal is getting popular |
| B．Here are some uses of activated charcoal |
| C．Is activated charcoal actually good for you? |
| D．Is activated charcoal environmentally-friendly? |
相似题推荐
However, even a generation ago, famous faces evolved. Look at a picture of Grace Kelly at age 52 in the early 1980s. She looks like a beautiful middle-aged woman. Today she’d look old for her age.
The goal now is to prevent aging while you are still young, using all the magical nonsurgical options medicine has to offer. Eventually these techniques will become less expensive, and ordinary people my daughter’s age will have them. Already anti-aging is starting to be considered maintenance, like coloring your hair. My friends and I find ourselves openly debating techniques that we used to make fun of. Does fat-freezing work? How much time do you have to spend in the gym to keep the body of a 35-year-old after 50? It’s all so exhausting. But members of the next generation have it tougher. They’ll have to ask themselves whether they want to spend their youth trying not to get old. I’ve already seen “Sexy at 70” headlines. Will everyone be expected to go to their graves(坟墓) looking hot?
I also have to wonder what else we are slowing along with age. How do you move on if you’re working so hard to stay the same? And besides, if you’ve known the ache of watching a daughter pack up for college, you know you can’t stop the clock.
1. In the author’s eyes, Sandra Bullock ________.
| A．doesn’t deserve her name |
| B．doesn’t look her age at all |
| C．behaves like a young woman |
| D．looks younger than Halle Berry |
| A．physical beauty never lasts long |
| B．there is no such thing as agelessness |
| C．people’s attitude towards aging has changed |
| D．stars pay too much attention to their appearance |
| A．They expose people to danger. |
| B．They make people feel stressful |
| C．They are too expensive for ordinary. |
| D．They encourage comparisons among people. |
| A．To show the burden of youth. |
| B．To offer tips on how to look hot. |
| C．To advise people to accept aging. |
| D．To comment on some famous stars. |
【推荐2】Shape Up NYC is a free group fitness program with locations across the city. Sign up below to take fitness classes. Our fitness instructors know how to make fitness fun! You do not need to be a member of a recreation center in order to attend a class, though you must bring a lock and a government-issued ID for classes held indoors.
Total Body Fitness
Venue: Cardio Room (in Betsy Head Park), Manhattan
Time: 8:00 a.m. — 9:00 a.m. Saturday
Total Body Fitness is a heart-pumping, high-intensity class using bodyweight exercises.
Hip House Dance
Venue: St. John’s Recreation Center, Brooklyn
Time: 7:00 p.m. — 8:30 p.m. Saturday
Hip-House is an upbeat dance workout that integrates Old School Hip-Hop with House music to improve cardio(有氧运动) fitness.
Walking Group
Venue: Crotona Park, Bronx
Time: 10:00 a.m. — 11:00 a.m. Sunday
This free walking program will help you move your body and connect with others in your community!
Zumba Fitness
Venue: Midland Beach Splash Plaza, Staten Island
Time: 7:30 p.m. — 9:30 p.m. Sunday
Zumba is a combination of Latin, International and popular music dance themes which provides a dynamic, exciting, and effective fitness system!
Shape Up NYC Service Changes
The program is currently offering both indoor and outdoor group fitness classes. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, we’ve put additional safety rules in place.
• Pre-registration is required; drop-in participants may attend outdoor classes if the class is not full.
• Class sizes are limited to ensure social distancing can be maintained.
• Proof of vaccination(接种疫苗) is required for indoor locations.
• Wash your hands frequently and stay home if you’re sick.
Programs may be rescheduled or cancelled due to weather, health, or safety concerns.
1. What is unique about Zumba Fitness?| A．It is available on weekend evening. | B．It is an indoor event. |
| C．It combines different types of music. | D．It allows one to experience foreign cultures. |
| A．Total Body Fitness | B．Hip-House Dance | C．Walking Group | D．Zumba Fitness |
| A．An identification card. | B．Records to prove one’s health. |
| C．Pre-registration fees. | D．Avoiding close contact with others. |
There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your body relaxes little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.
Although your mind slows down, you will dream from time to time. Scientists who study sleep point out that when you are dreaming, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.
If you have trouble falling asleep, some people suggest breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep.
1. The text makes us know that not getting enough sleep might make you _________.
| A．suffer form poor health | B．enjoy more |
| C．dream more often | D．breathe quickly |
| A．you move restlessly |
| B．you start dreaming |
| C．your mind stops working |
| D．your eyeballs move quickly |
| A．lazy | B．sleepy | C．relaxed | D．pleased |
【推荐1】It is not uncommon for people to say they have no sense of direction. The sense of direction represents the ability to find one’s way. In other words, it is about getting from point A to point B without a hitch. The journey begins with determining the initial position using landmarks in the environment. It’s really about choosing a route and following it. It is also a question of testing that this same route is the correct one, with the mental representation of space or the help of tools such as maps. Finally, the ability to identify the point of arrival is obviously very important.
In a study published in 2009, scientist Giuseppe Iaria, a scientist of the University of Calgary (Canada), who specialized cognitive neutral (认知神经) networks indicated that people lacking a sense of direction have a special condition: Develop mental Topographical Disorientation (DTD).
The sense of direction required large neutral networks for proper functioning, according to the expert. However, the fact is that a majority of people are unable to put a map in their head while on the move. In her book Mind in Motion (2019), Professor Emeritus of Psychology at St an ford University (USA) Barbara Tversky explains how most people do it.
She introduced a combination of methods. It’s a mix of turn-by-turn directions, bird’s-eye views and general information in the form of maps. However, it should be noted that most medium-complexity navigation (导航) directions depend in part on the ability of people to understand the perspective of a map. In other words, people without a sense of direction follow a route in pieces. Thus, they have no expanded understanding for space and navigate their environment without any mental map of their destinations.
However, there is a solution, namely to guide the person through a series of short routed.
1. What does the underlined phrase “without a hitch” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．With ease. | B．By accident. |
| C．With luck. | D．Without reflection. |
| A．Being unable to put a map at hand. | B．Expanded understanding for space. |
| C．Lack of guiding through short routed. | D．Neutral networks’ improper functioning. |
| A．Reading a map. | B．Forming a map in mind. |
| C．Following a route in pieces. | D．Finishing a series of short routed. |
| A．Mental map contributes to the sense of direction. |
| B．Having no sense of direction is merely an excuse. |
| C．Most people have long routed in their mind. |
| D．People with a sense of direction don’t need a map. |
【推荐2】For generations, the standard way to learn how to ride a bicycle was with training wheels. But in recent years, many parents prefer to train their kids with balance bikes, two-wheelers that enable children to develop the competence needed for bicycling.
Given the benefits of balance bikes, why did it take so long for them to replace training wheels? There are plenty of other examples in which ignored solutions that involve subtraction(减法) turn out to be better alternatives. In some European cities, for example, urban planners have gotten rid of traffic lights and road signs to make streets safer.
Leidy Klotz, an engineer at the University of Virginia, noticed that reformative designs, in which elements are removed from an existing model, were uncommon. So he reached out to Adams, a social psychologist, to try to figure out why this was the case. The two researchers hypothesized(假设) that there might be an explanation: when faced with a problem, people tend to select solutions that involve adding new elements rather than taking existing components away.
Adams, Klotz and their colleagues set out to test if their hypothesis was correct. The researchers first carried out a set of studies. In one, they asked 91 participants to make a pattern symmetrical(对称的) by either adding or removing colored boxes. Only 18 people used subtraction. In another, the team scanned through ideas for improvement submitted to an incoming university president and found that only 11 percent of 651 project plans involved getting rid of an existing regulation, practice or program.
These findings suggest that “additive solutions have sort of a priority”, says Benjamin Converse, a co-author of the study. “Subtractive solutions are not necessarily harder to consider, but they take more effort to find.”
For now the team hopes that these findings will encourage people across various fields to think about subtractive options that might be typically ignored. “The hope is that, just by getting people to think about this more, maybe it will help inspire some other ignored subtractions,” Converse says.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?| A．Balance bikes are not good for training kids. |
| B．People used to learn to ride bikes effortlessly. |
| C．Taking away traffic lights should make better traffic flow. |
| D．Some European cities ignore their governance. |
| A．By drawing patterns. | B．By comparing their statistics. |
| C．By analysing motivations. | D．By predicting trends. |
| A．They are superior to additive solutions. | B．They are often harmful for creativity. |
| C．They are always overlooked by our brain. | D．They are often preferred by conservatives. |
| A．A New Way of Management | B．A Trend of Avoiding Regulations |
| C．A New Concept of Problem-solving | D．A Study on Problem-solving Methods |
【推荐3】Let’s begin with the story: King Hiero contracts the ancient Greek polymath Archimedes (阿基米德) to detect fraud in the manufacture of a golden crown. Archimedes accepts the challenge and, during a subsequent trip to the public baths, realizes that the more his body sinks into the water, the more water is displaced — making the displaced water an exact measure of his volume.
Realizing he has hit upon a method to determine whether the King’s crown was made of gold or silver, the young Greek leaps out of the bath and rushes home naked crying “Eureka! Eureka!” Or, translated: “I’ve found it! I’ve found it!”
Too bad, however, Archimedes probably never uttered the phrase in that way.
First and foremost, Archimedes himself never wrote about this episode, although he spent plenty of time detailing the laws of buoyancy (浮力). The oldest authority for the naked-Archimedes eureka story is Vitruvius, a Roman writer, who included the tale in his introduction to his ninth book of architecture. “Vitruvius may have gotten it wrong,” says Chris Schmitt, a mathematician at the University of Berlin and a self-described Archimedes fan. “The method attributed to Archimedes in the story works in theory so it sounds right, but when you actually try it, you find that the real world gets in the way.”
In fact, Schmitt is one of a long line of scientists, including Galileo, who have read the account and thought, “That can’t be right.” As Galileo wrote, Archimedes could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale. In fact, the surface tension of water can make the volume of a light object like a crown immeasurable. “There may be some truth to it,” Schmitt adds. “Archimedes did measure the volume of things but the eureka moment was maybe due to his original discovery concerning buoyance, not to sitting in the bathtub and then running through the streets naked.”
Much like Newton’s apple, the exclamation persists because of the enduring power of the story: a golden crown, a life in the balance, a naked mathematician. The suspect foundations of the eureka moment take nothing away from the word’s ability to uniquely and concisely convey the flash of inspiration.
1. According to the first paragraph, how would Archimedes measure the volume of the crown?| A．He would weigh himself with and without the crown. |
| B．He would weigh the crown first and then put it into water. |
| C．He would go to the public baths wearing the crown on his head. |
| D．He would sink the crown into water and measure the water displaced. |
| A．He believed the word “eureka” was said in another situation. |
| B．He suspected Archimedes didn’t run through the street naked. |
| C．He doubted Archimedes carried out the experiment independently. |
| D．He thought Archimedes would not have used the method described. |
| A．The word “eureka” is still widely used today. |
| B．The word “eureka” is now a formal scientific term. |
| C．Most people accept the authenticity of the original story. |
| D．People are still inspired by the achievements of Archimedes. |
| A．To introduce the famous scientist Archimedes. |
| B．To examine the credibility of the eureka story. |
| C．To explain how the word “eureka” was created. |
| D．To urge people not to use the word “eureka” anymore. |
【推荐1】German automation company Festo recently unveiled its latest bio-inspired creation, the Bionic Swift, a lightweight robot, able to mimic the flight of an actual swift.
Over the last decade Festo has unveiled an impressive number of robots inspired by the Earth's animals, from bionic ants and butterflies, to penguins, jellyfish and even kangaroos. Earlier this month, the robotics studio showed their newest invention, a lightweight flying robot inspired by the swift and able to imitate its flight maneuvers with impressive accuracy. From steep turns to drops, the new Bionic Swift can imitate most of a real swift’s movements.
In order to imitate real swifts, Festo's robotic versions had to be ultra-light, weighing 42 grams each, or about as heavy as a golf ball. The birds are about 17. 5 inches long, with a 27- inch wingspan, but don't look much like birds from up-close, as the company's designers focused on bio-mimicry.
Although the Bionic Swift's feathers are not real, which are made of light foam, they do look and behave like the ones of a real swift in flight. They can slide apart just like real feathers, thanks to the design of the robot's wings. The feathers can move to let air through or close completely, allowing the Bio Swift to finish flight maneuvers.
Despite its small weight, each Bio Swift houses a brushless motor, two servo motors, a battery, a gear unit, and various circuit boards for radio, control, and localization. Thanks to a radio-based indoor GPS, each robot has spatial awareness and can fly in a proper pattern. Each one has a radio marker that send signals to the base, thus allowing the system to locate each bird's exact location and tell them to fly on a pre-programmed path.
Apart from being visually impressive, the new Bio Swifts may soon start helping companies monitor where goods are moving throughout a smart factory, thus avoiding bottlenecks.
1. What can we know about Festo's Bio Swift?| A．It seems too heavy to fly like a swift. | B．It isn't the first animal-inspired robot. |
| C．It is equipped with some real feathers. | D．It looks much like a bird from up-close. |
| A．The artificial feathers. | B．A swift s movements. |
| C．A real's bird's wings. | D．The new Bio Swifts. |
| A．To measure the battery. | B．To receive information. |
| C．To monitor each system. | D．To send signals to the base. |
| A．A Robot Flies at the Speed of a Real Bird | B．An Impressive Robot Is Used in a Factory |
| C．A Company Creates a Swift-inspired Robot | D．An Automation Company Mimicks Animals |
【推荐2】It goes without saying, but bears repeating, there are too many cats and dogs without homes. While there are countless shelters and rescue centers that exist, some potential pet owners look to pet shops to find their furry friends. All too often, however, these animals come from puppy and kitten mills（繁殖场）that treat the creatures in cruel ways. San Francisco, however, is doing its part to stop this abuse with pet store adoption. Officials recently voted to ban the sale of non-rescue dogs and cats in local shops.
The effect is twofold. First, it will stop the popularity of the large-scale mills, which are famous for the miserable conditions cats and dogs are kept in. Second, it will help facilitate the adoption of thousands of animals that are waiting for their forever homes in San Francisco shelters. District 4 Supervisor Katy Tang, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, supported law-making on the ban. “Dogs and cats sold in pet stores often come from inhumane puppy and kitten mills that treat animals with no regard for their health or well-being,” she wrote on Facebook. In her message, she also called on the U. S. Agriculture Department to reinstate information on its website that documents these types of animal cruelty cases—it was removed earlier this month.
San Francisco's law-making is a victory for those concerned about animal rights, and it isn't the first city to pass this type of measure. Los Angeles, San Diego, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, and Austin also have similar laws in place, with hopefully more places to follow suit.
1. What happened to the dogs or cats before they got in the pet stores?| A．They were treated cruelly. |
| B．They received warm welcome. |
| C．They were abandoned on the streets, |
| D．They were raised in shelters and rescue centers. |
| A．People should adopt the dogs and cats. |
| B．Animals are too cruel to human beings. |
| C．Government can choose to kill all the dogs and cats. |
| D．It is not right to ban the sale of non-rescue dogs or cats in local shops. |
| A．Update. | B．Replace. | C．Post again. | D．Download. |
| A．No Chinese city joins this type of movements |
| B．San Francisco is the last city to ban pet stores, |
| C．More and more cities are involved in protecting animal rights. |
| D．Americans care about animals more than others. |
【推荐3】When it comes to the ACT(American College Test) vs. the SAT'(Scholastic Aptitude Test), both exams are widely accepted by U.S. colleges. It often leads students to ask: Which test should I take? The answer to that question lies in understanding the differences between the two tests.
Both college admissions exams are wildly popular. In the class of 2019, a reported 2.2 million test-takers completed the SAT while 1.8 million students took the ACT. It is unclear how many students took both, but experts say it is common practice for a test-taker to deal with both exams. “More and more students in the last 5 to 10 years are taking both, ” says Joe Korfmacher, director of an admissions consulting company. But despite this, the tests vary in structure and timing as well as the content matter and scoring.
Students hoping to find the easier testing option are out of luck. These are high-stakes tests; neither of them is going to be easy. To help students make their decision, experts suggest they begin with a practice test and see which exam is best suited for them. The two exams may have appeal to different types of students. Experts advise that students with a strong English background may choose the ACT, which puts more emphasis on verbal skills. But for students who are strong in math, the SAT may reflect that much better.
The SAT costs $49.50 for the test only and $64.50 if the optional essay-is included. The ACT costs $52 for only the exam and $68 if the optional writing test is included. Additional fees may apply for other options, such as late registration.
Regardless of which test students decide to take, the idea behind both exams is similar: to demonstrate college readiness. To help students be successful, experts offer strategic test-prep tips. Some are simple, such as bringing a snack on the test day and taking breaks when offered. Others require much more time and deliberation on the part of the student, such as identifying and working on weak spots in testing.
1. What do we know about the applicants for the ACT and SAT?| A．They mostly take the exams to demonstrate their language skills. |
| B．A majority of them come from English-speaking countries. |
| C．They usually prefer taking the ACT rather than the SAT. |
| D．A growing number of them take both of the exams. |
| A．The ACT is more difficult to sign up for. |
| B．Students should place emphasis on English. |
| C．Students should take as many practice tests as possible. |
| D．The SAT is more suitable for students doing well in math. |
| A．$101.5. | B．$114. | C．$118.5. | D．$120. |
| A．The ACT vs. the SAT: Which Test to Choose | B．How to Be Successful on the ACT and SAT |
| C．Application Processes for Studying Abroad | D．Advice on Taking College Admissions Exams |
【推荐1】Scientific experts have warned that deadly pandemics(大流行病) are likely to keep happening if action is not taken to protect natural environments. The warning came in a report from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, an international expert group that advises governments. The group has more than 130 member states.
The experts called for major efforts aimed at preventing pandemics rather than trying to contain them after they happen. The report urges major worldwide efforts to stop habitat destruction that can lead viruses to jump from wild animals to humans.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has estimated that three out of every four new or emerging infectious diseases in people come from animals. Scientists have said COVID-19 probably started in bats and began spreading among humans.
In their report, the experts predict that about half of an estimated 1.7 million undiscovered viruses in nature might be able to infect people. Activities such as poaching(偷猎) or clearing forests to grow soy or palm oil can bring humans and disease closer together.
Peter Daszak was the report’s lead writer. He is president of EcoHealth Alliance, an international health, environment and development organization. He said in a statement that even though the experts call for urgent action, “this report is not a misfortune suggesting the world’s going to end and it’s too late.” Instead, Daszak said it should be seen as “an optimistic call for action.”
He noted that the current method for dealing with pandemics is to wait for them to emerge and then try to identify them before they spread. COVID-19 has demonstrated the problems with that plan. Officials attempted to contain COVID-19 after the disease was discovered last year, but it was already too late. “And here we are waiting for a vaccine(疫苗) and drugs to work,” Daszak said. “It’s not a good strategy. We need to do more.”
1. Why does the aim of urging habitat protection need major world efforts?| A．To prevent viruses spreading from animals to humans. |
| B．To stop illegal poaching and forest destruction. |
| C．To control pandemics after they happen. |
| D．To strengthen international cooperation. |
| A．About 1.7 million. | B．About 0.85 million. |
| C．About three fourths. | D．About 130. |
| A．Waiting for pandemics to appear. |
| B．Expecting effective vaccines and drugs. |
| C．Investigating pandemics after they appear. |
| D．Acting earlier and more actively to explore more |
| A．Advice from Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform. |
| B．Experts’ Views on Disease Control and Prevention. |
| C．More Deadly Pandemics if Nature Not Protected. |
| D．Unstoppably Increasing Pandemics. |
【推荐2】It's been a rough year for priceless artifacts around the world. In September 2018, a fire wiped out about 90 percent of the collection at the National Museum of Brazil. In April 2019, Paris' Notre Dame Cathedral lost its famous spire in another fire. Most recently, in October, Japan’s 500-year-old Shuri Castle was destroyed — again, by fire.
It's heartbreaking to see even one piece of human history to up in smoke, but there is no need to be depressed. The truth is that we have lost historic sites and artifacts throughout history, to wars and natural disasters. Many are rebuilt or repaired.
Examples include the 18th-century Dresden Frauenkirche in Germany, which was destroyed during the World War II bombing and rebuilt in 2005. There is also the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, China, which dated back to AD 223. It’s been destroyed by fires and wars and rebuilt as many as 11 times.
So it will probably be no different for the National Museum of Brazil, Notre Dame Cathedral, or Shuri Castle. In fact, right after the fire at Notre Dame, French President Emmanuel Macron vowed that it would be rebuilt in five years. During his visit to China in November, it was decided that Chinese experts will participate in the restoration work.
That said, however, there are less fortunate cultural relics—those endangered in Syria and Iraq where wars are ongoing. According to Artnet News, all six UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Syria have been reported damaged. And yet, somehow, they didn't get nearly as much attention as Notre Dame, and probably won't have a chance to be restored to their former glory any time soon.
It might be true that many damaged artifacts make it back. But “many” is not “all”.
1. What are the similarities among the three places mentioned in the first paragraph?a. They are all of great value. b. They were all destroyed in 2018.
c. Nothing is left after the destruction. d. They are all destroyed by fire.
| A．a, b | B．a, d | C．a, c | D．c, d |
| A．To comfort the heartbreaking readers. |
| B．To give examples of the rebuilt historic sites. |
| C．To introduce two places of interest to the readers. |
| D．To show the importance of rebuilding the historic sites. |
| A．All the cultural relics are damaged in Syria due to the wars. |
| B．People haven’t recognized the importance of the heritage sites in Syria. |
| C．The cultural relics in Syria and Iraq are less fortunate because they are worse destroyed. |
| D．Wars destroyed the heritage sites in Syria and prevent people from restoring them right now. |
| A．Favorable. | B．Critical. | C．Indifferent. | D．Doubtful. |
【推荐3】In today’s competitive student world, the ability to work harmoniously with other people is a good way of marking yourself off from everybody else. While teamwork may offer the chance to blame others for your mistakes, you can never blame them for your failings as a teammate. In any case, working out where to apportion blame is not a good way to approach membership of any new team. Instead, get to know one another, so you can build up a shared identity and combine your strengths. Find out each other’s values, weaknesses, and past achievements.
Don’t shy away from conflicts but work out how to deal with them. Humour can be a good glue, so have a laugh together.
Before settling down to business, it’s important to establish ground rules. First, make sure you all share the same concept of time. Then, work out how you are going to make and communicate decisions. These are probably best made at a formal meeting and communicated by email. You must also agree on who will be responsible for making decisions.
Even if you have decided that decisions don’t have to be unanimous (一致的), it is important that every team member is kept involved, including those who always disagree with the majority view, rarely say a word, or have a strange haircut.
Once you’ve got your rules of engagement, define what you want to achieve, and set the deadline. Work out what you have to do before the time is up to do it. The team must assign (分配) roles according to everyone’s individual skills. Remember that every task is equally important.
Whatever your role, it is important to keep a record of what has been decided at each stage and what each member of the team has contributed. Then, when the task is over, you can review how well it went.
1. At the beginning of the passage, the author stresses ________.| A．the importance of being on time | B．the importance of cooperation |
| C．the importance of equality | D．the importance of humour |
| A．shoulder the responsibility | B．find out the causes of mistakes |
| C．get all the blame for mistakes | D．say who should be blamed |
| A．Try your best not to make mistakes. |
| B．It is better to make decisions at an informal meeting. |
| C．Those who seldom express their opinions can be ignored. |
| D．Roles should be assigned according to everyone’s individual skills. |
| A．the art of doing well in exams | B．the art of dealing with conflicts |
| C．the art of making decisions | D．the art of working in a team |
