Dr. Raint Mishori of Georgetown University Hospital says many people believe it's possible to become immune to colds. But that's not the Case. “There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold and people think that once you get a cold, you develop immunity for the rest of your life . This is wrong.” She said.
There are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science doesn't support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures? Even some studies have shown that people get sick more frequently during the winter.
But Dr. Mishori says it is not because of cold weather. It's because people tend to gather and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake, through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.
While there is no actual cure for the common cold, Dr. Mishori says there are still a few things you can do to help reduce its duration and ease symptoms. Though the medical community says Vitamin C does not help prevent colds, there is definitely some proof that it helps keep them from being as bad. “So if you catch a cold and start taking about two grams of Vitamin C a day, there is evidence that it might shorten the number of days that you will be suffering with these symptoms.” Dr. Mishori stated.
In addition, medical science says honey and chicken soup are effective against colds. Especially honey. “There is increased evidence that it helps shorten the duration of the common cold sometimes even by two to three days particularly in children,” Dr. Mishori said. “Chicken soup also helps reduce the duration of the cold.”
There's also a common belief that you should “feed a cold and starve a fever.” Dr. Mishori says “not necessary”. “If you do have a cold and you don't feel like eating anything, it's not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or you can drink tea, anything that gets fluids into your body, “she said, “That's very important.”
So—if drinking fluids is a good idea—what about milk? “I will never give milk to a child who has got bad phlegm. My son used to have that and he would threw up.” Nadine Audrewy, a proud grandmother of 5, believes it's not a good idea to give milk to a child who has a cold.
Well, says Dr. Mishori, maybe and maybe not. “Dairy products do not cause increased secretions but they can thicken the secretions,” she explained. “So it's possible that discomfort is increased when you drink milk, but obviously if you are a baby and it's all you drink then you should not stop giving babies milk.”
There are many other myths about colds that do not stand the test of science. Doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you. Even if it doesn't make the cold better, it won't make it worse either— while you wait for the cold to just run its natural course.
1. A medical expert will probably agree__________.| A．people develop total immunity after a cold | B．viruses spread only in winters |
| C．a cold may be the result of human contacts | D．low temperatures are major threats to our health |
| A．drink a lot to get fluids | B．have as much tea as possible |
| C．force yourself to eat a lot | D．starve yourself to kill the virus |
| A．exposure to cold weather is the main cause of common colds |
| B．getting fluids into bodies can cure colds |
| C．chicken soup and Vitamin C help prevent colds |
| D．dairy products may increase the discomfort of a child with a cold |
| A．common yet mistaken beliefs | B．recent scientific discoveries |
| C．experience from older generations | D．conclusions proved by researches |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Beijing will provide COVID-19 vaccinations(接种疫苗）for certain groups in nursing homes, including the elderly and caregivers, on a voluntary basis to prevent a renewed outbreak at nursing homes during autumn and winter, the local government said.
Those who will receive the vaccines include nursing home kitchen workers, security guards and cleaners. Beijing Daily reported on Friday.
Xing Yinli ,director of Jingkangyuan, a nursing home in Fengtai district with about 290 elderly residents(居民），said they have received the document(文件）recently and will strictly follow its guidance.
It’s our top duty to strengthen prevention and control.,"Xing said,adding they have been using methods such as keeping detailed records of resident contacts outside the nursing home,and encouraging online visits for family members..
As to vaccinations, she said they will ask for permission from residents,their family members and workers before giving vaccines.
In late October,Shaoxing,Zhejiang province carried out an emergencyCOVTD-19 vaccine program,allowing the public to ask for injections(注射）in advance,with key groups first. A similar program was also organized in Jiaxing,Ningbo and Yiwu in Zhejiang.
Nationwide,emergency use of home grown COVID-19 vaccines was approved in June and launched in late July. China now has four coronavirus candidate vaccines in the third stage clinical trials(临床试验）.
The document from Beijing also said nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing(核酸检测） every month among kitchen workers and residents who leave the nursing homes to see a doctor. Tests will cover all people in nursing homes considered at high risk if new infections are reported in the city. Besides, routine disinfections (消毒） should be strengthened in kitchens, storerooms and restrooms, it said. The document also recommended noncontact visits from family members.
1. Where can you probably find this article?| A．In a newspaper. | B．In a fashion magazine. |
| C．In a book review. | D．In a travel journal. |
| A．The nursing home kept detailed records of residents, |
| B．All the members will make preparations for injections. |
| C．The nursing home takes prevention and control seriously. |
| D．Jiaxing is the first city to have carried out an emergency program. |
| A．China is providing vaccinations nationwide. |
| B．China has made great progress in coronavirus vaccines. |
| C．Chain has taken the lead in coronavirus vaccines worldwide. |
| D．The four candidate vaccines have finished clinical trails |
| A．Nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing. |
| B．Beijing nursing homes are to be provided vaccines. |
| C．Certain groups will have vaccines first in late June. |
| D．Routine disinfections should be strengthened in kitchens. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Curious. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Dissatisfied |
LIPITOR
ABOUT LIPITOR
Lipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise, it lowers “bad” cholesterol (胆固醇) in your blood. It can also raise “good” cholesterol. Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking .
WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?
Who can take LIPITOR:
· People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise.
· Adults and children over l0.
Who should NOT take LIPITOR:
· Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm
your unborn baby.
· Women who are breast-feeding. Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your
baby.
· People with liver (肝脏) problems.
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR
Serious side effects in a small number of people:
· Muscle (肌肉) problems that can lead to kidney (肾脏) problems, including kidney failure.
· Liver problems. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor
and while you are taking it.
Call your doctor right away if you have:
· Unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially if you have a fever or feel very tired.
· Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or
swallowing.
· Stomach pain.
Some common side effects of LIPITOR are:
· Muscle pain.
· Upset stomach.
· Changes in some blood tests.
HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR
DO:
· Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.
· Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor.
· Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.
· If you miss a dose (一剂), take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than 12
hours since your missed dose, wait. Take the next dose at your regular time.
Don’t:
· Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.
· Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.
1. Taking Lipitor is helpful for _________.
| A．breast-feeding women |
| B．women who are pregnant |
| C．adults having heart disease |
| D．teenagers with liver problems |
| A．take the next dose at your regular time |
| B．eat more when taking your next dose |
| C．have a dose as soon as you remember |
| D．change the amount of your next dose |
| A．To teach patients ways for quick recovery. |
| B．To present a report on a scientific research. |
| C．To show the importance of a good lifestyle. |
| D．To give information about a kind of medicine. |
【推荐3】Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been greatly contributing to the treatment of the COVID-19, which changed the altitude of the western world to it to some extent. However, in the past, foreigners knew little about it. According to a government report, although TCM has been introduced into 183 countries and regions around the world, their understanding of TCM may be limited to acupuncture(针灸), cupping and massage(按摩) .For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on a U. S. famous swimmers back from cupping to relax his muscles and reduce pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.
In fact, Chinese herbs(药草) play a more important role in curing diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. Therefore, it is disappointing to know that although 103 world Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM is much less popular than Western medicine partly due to the slow development of Chinese herbs.
Herbs can be made into pills, powder and soup. The kind of herbs used, their quality, quantity and the processing together determine the effectiveness of the prescription (处方). Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization. The chemical composition and functions of its medicine are still unclear and their effects are unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades and a number of factories are increasingly producing patented TCM drugs.
Another reason why TCM prescription drugs have developed slowly is that it lacks creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicine according to prescriptions handed down from the past. That Chinese chemist Tu Yoyo won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(痢疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry.
However, Rome was not built in a day. The current situation cannot be changed within a short time.
1. Why did the US swimmer attract the audience's attention in the 2016 Rio Olympics?| A．The injury on his back. | B．The golden cup he won in the games. |
| C．His relaxed muscles and reduced pain. | D．The purple, injury-like marks left on his back. |
| A．Set standards and improve creativity. |
| B．Increase functions and decrease production. |
| C．Increase functions and improve creativity. |
| D．Set standards and create more prescriptions. |
| A．Anxious. | B．Negative. |
| C．Disappointed. | D．Positive. |
| A．acupuncture treatment is effective | B．cupping can cure some diseases |
| C．massage can relax body muscles | D．herbs can keep the body in good condition |
【推荐1】Is there a friend of yours who always sings out of tune but never realizes it? Don’t blame them-they may have amusia (失歌症), a disorder in the brain.
Apart from singing out of tune, people with amusia may also find it hard to recognize music they’ve heard before without the help of song lyrics. Amusia can range from difficulty in recognizing melodies to a total inability to distinguish between different musical notes, according to Live Science. However, people with amusia can recognize common environmental sounds as well as the high and low sounds in human voices, meaning that this inability can be specifically related to music.
In many cases, people who have amusia are born with it, as 46 percent of these individuals’ relatives were found to have similar conditions, according to a 2017 study. Brain imaging shows that their brains receive and respond to music pitch (音高) information, but it is not reaching conscious awareness, meaning that the mind can’t understand the information.
Scientists at the University of Otago in New Zealand also think that amusia is related to people’s spatial (空间的) processing skills. They invited people with amusia, musicians and students from non-musical backgrounds to perform a task related to spatial imagination. They were asked to judge whether pairs of images are the same object rotated (旋转) or mirror images.
The result showed that the amusia group made more mistakes than the other two groups. Amusia might be related to the way the brain stores information about the high and low notes in melodies, according to the study.
Although those who aren’t confident about their singing skills often say they are “tone-deaf”, people with amusia only make up about1. 5 percent of the population, as estimated by the2017 study. “Like dyslexics (诵读困难者) can learn how to read, those with amusia should be able to improve their ability to recognize tones if they start early enough,” Isabelle Peretz, a professor of psychology from the University of Montreal in Canada, told Live Science.
1. According to the article, what do people with amusia find easy to do?| A．Recognizing melodies. | B．Recognizing tunes. |
| C．Identifying human voices. | D．Distinguishing between different musical notes |
| A．Amusia is a result of brain damage. | B．Amusia is common among children. |
| C．Many individuals with amusia are born with it. | D．Those who are tone-deaf often suffer from amusia. |
| A．People with amusia have strong spatial imagination skills. |
| B．People with amusia struggle to judge the shape of images |
| C．Amusia may be related to one’s level of music education. |
| D．Amusia may be linked with how the brain stores note information. |
| A．Learn how to read earlier in life. | B．Start to explore and learn music early. |
| C．Seek medical treatment. | D．Sing frequently with friends. |
【推荐2】Five years ago, Meredith Arthur, a 45-year-old San Francisco resident and an employee of a social media company, arrived at a neurologist(神经科医生) appointment in a frustrated state. She spoke a mile a minute, explaining why she thought she might hold clues to her disabled shoulder and neck pain, frequent dizziness, and … “I was presenting my inexpert case to an expert, who stopped me and said, ‘I know what’s wrong. You have generalized anxiety disorder.’” Arthur recalls.
The diagnosis(诊断) took Arthur by surprise. She had been so focused on her abnormal physical symptoms(症状) that she hadn’t considered that they could be linked to her mental health. Almost immediately, it clicked.
“My brain was always in overdrive,” Arthur recalls. “I wanted to work all the time and solve everything.”
She would never have described herself as a worrier, however, and certainly didn’t connect her perfectionism to anxiety or its effect on her body. But, in fact, physical discomfort — not upsetting thoughts — is most often what drives people with anxiety to seek treatment.
“The diagnosis changed everything,” says Arthur. “It’s like somebody picked me up off the earth, turned me around 180 degrees, and put me back down. It was the same world, but everything looked a little different.”
Arthur is one of the 40 million American adults who experience an anxiety disorder — the most common form of mental illness — every year. But anxiety touches everyone to varying degrees. Typically, it’s brought on by a stressful or painful event. Its key features are too much fear and worry, and one of the major factors is a feeling of uncertainty about situations that occur in daily life.
These are particularly uncertain times due to the combination of economic dangerousness, social unrest and environmental disasters. Managing anxiety will ensure it doesn’t rule your life.
1. How did Meredith Arthur feel after the diagnosis?| A．Confused. | B．Shocked. |
| C．Frustrated. | D．Disappointed. |
| A．To relate physical symptoms to mental health. |
| B．To suggest the importance of seeking treatment. |
| C．To present a typical example of anxiety disorder. |
| D．To show the seriousness of her physical symptoms. |
| A．It results from uncertainty in life. | B．It is hard to get proper treatment. |
| C．It is caused by physical discomfort. | D．It is the most common illness in USA. |
【推荐3】If you think memory problems are the preserve of the elderly, forget it. Young people frequently struggle to remember things too. A British study shows that the memory lapses (记忆差错) were as common among those in their twenties as in the 50-somethings.
Dr. MeWhirter, a neuropsychiatrist at the University of Edinburgh, questioned 124 healthy adults aged between 18 and 59 on how good they thought their memory was and how often they experienced memory lapses. Only 13 percent rated their memory as excellent. Half of respondents said they forgot why they had entered a room at least once a week and 40 per cent misplaced their mobile phone at least weekly. Some 48 per cent forgot to buy items on their shopping list at least once a week and 18 percent had had a mental blank over their PIN,
The researcher said we should not worry about memory lapses so much when we are older because we also have them when we are younger - in other words, memory problems are not always the first sign of dementia(痴呆).
Dr. MeWhirter said: "A lot of people will think that if you are starting to forget thing, it is something to worry about, but it is normal. It is just a function of how the brain works. You can only remember something if you properly attend to it. If you are doing lots of different things and not concentrating when you get in and just put your keys down somewhere, you may well forget where you have put them."
Dr. MeWhirter added that although someone in the early stages of dementia would have memory lapses, they would lend lo be unaware of them. In contrast, a healthy person would be able to remember that they had forgotten their keys last week. Other signs of concern include becoming lost, asking the same thing repeatedly and having difficulty with cooking and multitasking.
1. How did Dr. MeWhirter conduct his study?| A．By giving examples. |
| B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By interviewing subjects. |
| D．By constructing a data model. |
| A．Memory lapses are signs of dementia. |
| B．The older you are, the more forgetful you will be. |
| C．Multitasking is the major reason for memory problems. |
| D．Anyone may experience forgetfulness regardless of age. |
| A．To present a study result. | B．To give some medical advice. |
| C．To make a prediction. | D．To send warnings. |
| A．The origin of memory lapses. |
| B．Ways to take care of senior citizens. |
| C．Advice on how to improve cooking skills. |
| D．The typical behavior of dementia patients. |
【推荐1】Using the power of artificial intelligence (AI), scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction. Contrary to conventional knowledge, their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of “creative destruction” that allows new organisms (生物体) to radiate and evolve. Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.
Dr. Hoyal Cuthill, the lead study author from the University of Essex in the UK and the Tokyo Institute of Technology, said in a statement, “Some of the most challenging things to understand the history of life are the vast timelines involved and the number of species. New machine learning applications can help us understand this information in human-readable form. This means that we can, so to speak, hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see.”
They concluded that mass extinction and later radiation were not connected as previously thought. Within 5 percent of the most significant periods of disruption (中断), AI detected “big five” mass extinctions, seven more mass extinctions, two mass extinction-radiation events, and 15 mass radiations. Most importantly, it discovers that massive radiation and extinction rarely occurred with each other, changing the view that greater extinction leads to a kind of deep cycle-like species radiation of nature. It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation. Take the Cambrian eruption for example and it was about 41 million years ago when a large group of animals first appeared on the record of the first fossil record and the dawn of a high mobile animal equipped with modern physical features.
This new study found that a handful of other notable explosions of biodiversity, including the Cambrian eruption, usually occurred at a time when they were largely isolated (隔离) from extinction. Dr. Nicholas Guttenberg, a study co-author from the Tokyo Institute of Technology explained, “Ecosystems are dynamic and you don’t need anything to exist to allow something new to appear.”
1. What does the first paragraph serve as?| A．An explanation of artificial intelligence. | B．A background of researchers’ study. |
| C．The reasons for creative destruction. | D．The result of researchers’ new study. |
| A．AI contributes a lot to the study of evolution. | B．Understanding the history of life is very difficult. |
| C．New AI machines learn applications better. | D．Biological evolution can be controlled easily. |
| A．Mass extinction is unlikely to cause evolutionary radiation. |
| B．The first animal with modern features occurred during eruption. |
| C．The volcanic eruption led to a mass extinction and radiation. |
| D．The idea of deep cycle-like species radiation has turned out true. |
| A．New processes of biological evolution. | B．New view of radiation from natural species. |
| C．New understanding of mass extinction. | D．New outbreaks of biological populations. |
【推荐2】Volunteering means working for free to help someone else. Many teens agree that helping others feels great and makes a difference. These days, more teens volunteer to work for others. They cleanup parks, walk dogs at animal shelters, visit the elderly.
Some cities — including Seattle, Chicago, and Washington, D.C. require high school students to volunteer. Students must volunteer in order to graduate. The student volunteers learn new skills and help their communities (社区).
Many parents subscribe to the idea — they say volunteering helps teens build job skills. But most teens don’t want to be forced to volunteer. They say they are busy and volunteering is only fun if it’s a choice.
Read both sides of the debate and decide.
Yes·Volunteering can help teens get into college or get a job.
·Many cities and towns need help. Volunteers can help keep important programs going.
·Not all teens will volunteer if it isn’t required. Schools should require students to do all they can to get ready for adult life.
No·Most teens are already very busy with classes, homework, jobs, and sports. Forcing them to do more isn’t fair.
·It should be up to each person. Helping out doesn’t feel as good if you have to do it.
·Finding a volunteer job isn’t always easy, Students shouldn’t be kept from graduating because of something they can’t control.
1. What does the “No” side think of volunteer jobs?| A．They waste students’ precious time. |
| B．Students shouldn’t be stopped from graduation because of them. |
| C．They won’t help teens prepare for their adult life. |
| D．They are not as important as students’ homework. |
| A．correct | B．revise | C．devote | D．agree with |
| A．volunteering is a must for college school students |
| B．everyone would like to volunteer |
| C．finding a volunteer job is not difficult |
| D．high school students won’t graduate if they don’t volunteer |
| A．Whether volunteering is good for students. | B．Whether students should be required to volunteer. |
| C．What kind of volunteer jobs students should do. | D．Who are best to do volunteer jobs. |
【推荐3】Does the amount of cash in a lost wallet influence how likely a person is to return it? Classical economic theories suggest that the greater the appeal, the less likely we are to be honest—but a new study turns the idea on its head, finding altruism(利他主义), and a powerful hate for viewing oneself as a “thief” outweigh the financial attraction.
A team of researchers conducted a huge experiment concerning 355 cities in 40 countries. More than 17,000 identical wallets were dropped off at public places, each containing a grocery list, a key, and three business cards in the local language using made-up names and an email address. Some had no money while others contained the equivalent (等值) of $13.45.
According to the research, people on average returned 40% of wallets with no money in them but 51%with money. It also shows extreme differences between countries. But although rates of people’s honesty varied greatly from country to country, one thing remained remarkably constant: wallets with money, as opposed to no money, raised reporting rates.
In the US, the UK and Poland, they repeated the experiment with even more money: $94.15, which increased reporting rates by an average of 11% compared to the smaller amount. They also found that having a key expanded reporting rates by 9.2%.
The findings, which run counter to a fundamental principle of classical economics, suggest honesty, altruism and self-image can sometimes be more influential than economic self-interest.
A purely economic approach to behavior suggests people would keep the wallets with the larger amounts of money due to the increased financial reward, but economics often doesn’t account for a person’s sense of honesty or self-image, according to behavioral scientists. Altruism also influenced the findings, the researchers say. Since the key is valuable to the owner but not the finder, this pointed toward an altruism concern in addition to the cost of negatively updating one’s self image.
1. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?| A．Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
| B．Add some background information. |
| C．Describe a widely conducted experiment. |
| D．Provide the research results for the readers. |
| A．11%. | B．20.2%. |
| C．51%. | D．62%. |
| A．Go against. | B．Account for. |
| C．Agree with. | D．Focus on. |
| A．Classical economic theories have already been out of date. |
| B．People are more likely to return a lost wallet with more cash. |
| C．An experiment conducted worldwide proves people’s altruism. |
| D．Rates of people’s honesty vary greatly from country to country. |
【推荐1】I read with interest a recent article on Galactocorp’s planned Shuttlejet flight later this year. I cannot imagine more stupid thing than this, so-called space tourism, and can’t help wondering what on earth humanity is coming to if this can be successful business.
Many may think that space travel is the highest human achievement, which may be the condition when scientific endeavor (努力) is the aim. However, when it comes to space tourism, think we may have found the top of human stupidity. Consider the high cost of getting into space, the billions of dollars wasted on building the Shuttlejet, and the many thousands spent by the passengers—and for what? So that forty fat cats can have a first-class meal along with six minutes of weightlessness, before returning to earth? Never before has so much money been spent for so little benefit (利益). I invite all space tourists to come around to my house. I can treat them to a big dinner and they can have jump on the trampoline (蹦床), and they’ll only need to pay me half the price of Galactocorp.
Further, the money can be used in a smarter way. Think of the many worthy causes that would benefit from the money that has been thrown away on this project already. There are many medical programs in those poor countries. A few hundred thousand dollars could make a big difference to the lives of thousands of people. The benefits would last far longer than six minutes.
Not only is the Shuttlejet a terrible waste of money, it’s also a terrible waste of resources (资源). Think about the materials required to build and the things required to drive the Shuttlejet. Do we really want to pollute the environment for such a pointless exercise and waste so much money for such a pointless exercise?
In a word, we all need to come back down to earth and forget this stupid dream of space tourism.
1. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?| A．To ask for advice. | B．To stop project. |
| C．To share his idea. | D．To express his interest. |
| A．Helping the fat cats lose weight. |
| B．Asking people to have fun in his house. |
| C．Providing a trampoline for space tourists. |
| D．Preparing first-class-meal for the forty cats. |
| A．It costs space tourists a lot of money. |
| B．It is just a scientific aim. |
| C．It is bad for the environment. |
| D．It causes a lot of waste in money and resources. |
| A．The project is unrealistic. | B．The project is unscientific. |
| C．The money should be spent on earth. | D．Space is nothing compared with earth. |
【推荐2】We’ve all heard the same warning: looking at your phone or another screen before bed is very bad for you. It may make it harder for you to fall asleep and prevent you from getting a good night’s rest. Most sleep doctors suggest turning off screens an hour before bedtime. The reality is that, for the majority of us, cellphones, tablets, or TVs are the last things we look at before we close our eyes. Our smartphones can sometimes feel like an extension of our bodies because we’re so physically connected to them. Screens in general have become such a prominent part of our lives that it can feel completely unrealistic to put them away earlier in the evening. But according to sleep doctors, it’s a smart idea to at least give it a try.
At night, your brain starts to produce a hormone called melatonin（褪黑素）which keeps your circadian rhythm（生理节律）on track and helps you fall asleep, according to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Being exposed to bright light suppresses( 抑 制 ) melatonin production, says Philip Richard Gehrman, a behavioral sleep specialist and associate professor of clinical psychology in psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. “Blue light has the strongest impact,” he adds, “and the types of LED lights used in most electronic devices are strongest in the blue part of the spectrum.”
Why is blue light particularly bad? Dr. Gehrman explains that the very specialized cells in the eyes that fed into our sleep system and circadian rhythms, called retinal ganglion（ 视网膜神经节） cells, respond strongly to blue light in comparison to other types of light.
“Beyond the light you’re exposing yourself to, there’s also the simple truth that it’s easy to get caught up in what you’re reading or watching, which leads to staying awake a lot later than you should,” says Shelby Harris, clinical psychologist in private practice in New York. Even if you’ve got the self-control to switch off Netflix after a reasonable number of episodes, depending on what you just watched or read, you may be too mentally stimulated to fall asleep anyway.”
1. How does bright light “work” at night?| A．It will help us fall asleep very quickly. |
| B．It will make our brain produce a hormone. |
| C．It will keep our circadian rhythms on track. |
| D．It will affect the production of melatonin. |
| A．It has the longest effect on our sleep. |
| B．It is mostly used in electronic devices. |
| C．It causes the eye cells to react greatly. |
| D．It is the strongest one among all the lights. |
| A．Self-control will help us escape the influence of television. |
| B．What we are reading and watching can help us sleep longer. |
| C．Light is the most important factor affecting our sleep quality. |
| D．What we watch or read before bedtime will influence our sleep quality. |
| A．A diary. | B．A guidebook. | C．A novel. | D．A magazine. |
【推荐3】Trucker Gerlock traveled hundreds of thousands of miles with his dog, Holly, who came with him on every route—including his last one. While driving near Dallas, Texas, on the job, the 59-year-old Marylander crashed into a concrete column. Gerlock was killed instantly. Looking in the back of the truck, though, rescue drivers found one survivor.
Rescue workers cut the Chesapeake Bay retriever(切萨皮克海湾寻回犬)—practically untouched—out of the back of the truck, where she’d been sleeping. “It’s amazing that anything survived, ”Sandy Nordhoff, friend of Gerlock, told The Kent County News.
Unsure what happened to Holly, Gerlock’s friends from his town of Rock Hall, Maryland, made numerous calls and emails to agencies in order to find out where the dog was. Eventually, they found out she had been staying in Dallas Animal Services shelter and a foster family had taken her in for Thanksgiving. The Rock Hall locals hatched a plan to get her home.
Joe Creighton and Sandy’s husband, Russell Nordhoff, both lifelong friends of Gerlock, volunteered to make the 2, 800-mile trip from Rock Hall to Dallas and back, which took two days each way. The friends borrowed Gerlock’s pickup truck for the road, so Holly would feel more comfortable on the journey home, according to The Kent County News.
Back in Rock Hall, some of Gerlock’s friends adopted Holly. Ever since, the dog has been a town icon(偶像), making an appearance in almost every town parade.
“The outpouring of love shown towards Gerlock and Holly was heartwarming, ”Rock Hall resident Jamie Elburn tells Reader's Digest. “It shows how the companionship of‘man’s best friend’and simple kindness can overcome even the most difficult situation!”
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 indicate?| A．The trip was extremely tiring. | B．The result was quite satisfying. |
| C．The survivor was very smart. | D．The accident was too serious. |
| A．She was nowhere to be found. | B．She was put in an animal shelter. |
| C．She was sent back home immediately. | D．She was adopted by a foster family. |
| A．It was painstaking. | B．It was full of danger. |
| C．It tumed out to be interesting. | D．It required much experience. |
| A．Sympathetic. | B．Grateful. | C．Shocked. | D．Touched. |
