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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:121 题号:15247117

Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children's health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics released online.

The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration safety assessment program and retesting all previously approved chemicals.

Q&A with the lead author

We asked Leonardo Trasande, Council on Environmental Health member and lead author of the policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.

Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?

A: Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of science suggests some food additives can interfere with a child's hormones, growth and development.

Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more, relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.

Q: What additives does the statement highlight?

A: The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include: Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease, fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned in baby bottles.

Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, may affect male genital development, increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings.

1. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics' report, people should _______to cope with the problem of food additives.
A.reduce the usage of food additives and establish new food protection system
B.update the food safety assessment program and check the approved chemicals again
C.improve the food additives regulatory system and retest all approved chemicals
D.try to avoid food additives in daily life and revise relevant rules on food additives
2. Leonardo Trasande holds he view that food additives do more harm to children than adults because study shows ________.
A.children are more sensitive to what they eat and drink than adults
B.children usually eat and drink more unhealthy food than adults
C.children are just too young and weak to protect themselves
D.children's organs are easier to be damaged and hard to recover
3. How many specific kinds of harmful effect caused by the additives are mentioned in the passage?
A.2.B.7.C.8.D.1.
【知识点】 健康饮食 说明文

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【推荐1】Organic food, grown without artificial chemicals, is increasingly popular nowadays. Consumers have been willing to pay up to twice as much for goods with organic labels. However, if you think paying a little more for organic food gets you a more nutritious and safer product, then you'd better save your money. A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products aren't necessarily more nutritious, and they're no less likely to suffer from disease-causing bacteria, either.

For their new study, Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review of two categories of research,   including 17 studies that compared health outcomes between consumers of organic against traditional food products, and 223 studies that analyzed the nutritional content of the foods, including key vitamins, minerals and fats.

While the researchers found little difference in nutritional content, they did find that organic fruit and vegetables were 20% less likely to have chemicals remaining on the surfaces. Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards. And both organic and traditional meats, such as chicken and pork, were equally likely to be harmed by bacteria at very low rates. The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, a healthy fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease. However, these nutritional differences were too small, and the researchers were unwilling to make much of them until further studies confirm the trends.

Organic food is produced with fewer chemicals and more natural-growing practices, but that doesn't always translate into a more nutritious or healthier product. The U. S. Department of Agriculture(USDA) states that “whether you buy organic or not, finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.” Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic.

1. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean? ______
A.Organic food helps you save money.B.Organic food contains much more nutrients.
C.Organic food is worth the high price.D.Organic food is not always nutritious.
2. Smith-Spangler and her colleagues found that ______ .
A.organic food could reduce the risk of heart disease
B.traditional food was grown with more natural methods
C.both organic and traditional food they examined were safe
D.there was not a presence of any forms of bacteria in organic food
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A.Organic chicken and porkB.Organic milk and chicken
C.Traditional chicken and porkD.Traditional fruit and vegetables
4. What is the author's attitude toward organic food? ______
A.DoubtfulB.UnconcernedC.PositiveD.Supportive
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【推荐2】Many sugar—sweetened beverages(饮料)have little to offer—no nutritional value and lots of calories, and their harmful health effects have been well—documented. Now, a study links drinking too many sugary beverages—and even 100% natural fruit juices—to an increased risk of early death. Specifically, drinking too much fruit juice could lead to an increased risk of early death ranging from 9% to 42%, according to a study.

Overall, the sugars found in orange juice, although naturally occurring, are pretty similar to the sugars added to soda and other sweetened beverages, the study suggests. “Sugary beverages, whether soft drinks or fruit juices, should be limited,” Jean Welsh, a co—author of the study said.

Seven US cities, including New York and most recently Philadelphia, have levied(征收)taxes on sweetened drinks with added sugar in an effort to reduce consumption. The new study defined “sugary beverages” as both sugar—sweetened drinks, like soda and fruit—flavored drinks, and 100% natural fruit juices that have no added sugar. So how does fruit juice compare to soda? “Previous research has shown that high consumption of sugars like those in soft drinks and fruit juices is linked to several cardiovascular(心血管的)disease risk factors,” Welsh explained.

People who consumed 10% or more of their daily calories as sugary beverages had a 44% greater risk of dying due to a heart disease and a 14% greater risk of an early death from any cause compared with people who consumed less than 5% of their daily calories as sugary beverages, the study showed. Each additional 12—ounce(盎司)serving of fruit juice per day was associated with a 24% higher risk of death from any cause, and each additional 12—ounce serving of sugary beverages per day was associated with an 11% higher risk.

This is one of the first studies to examine the relationship between sugary drinks, including 100% fruit juices, and early death, wrote Marta Guasch—Fere and Dr. Frank B. Hu in an editorial published alongside the new study. “Although fruit juices may not be as harmful as sugar—sweetened beverages, their consumption should be moderated in children and adults, especially for individuals who wish to control their body weight,” Guasch—Fere and Hu wrote.

Welsh said we need to consider both fruit juices and sugar—sweetened beverages when we think about how much sugar we consume each day. Between the two, she was in favor of fruit juices: “Given its vitamin and mineral content, fruit juice in small amounts may have a beneficial effect that isn’t seen with sodas and other sugar—sweetened beverages.”

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A.Sugar—free drinks basically have no nutritional value.
B.Natural fruit juices are usually healthier than sugary beverages.
C.The negative effect of drinking too many beverages remains unknown.
D.Drinking too much fruit juice may not be a healthy option.
2. Why have seven US cities taxed sugary beverages?
A.To increase the government’s income.
B.To let people buy less sweetened beverages.
C.To urge people to turn to sugar—free drinks.
D.To increase the consumption of natural juice.
3. How are the findings of the study presented to us?
A.By making comparisons.B.By giving examples.
C.By giving advice.D.By stating the facts.
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A.sugar is a major cause of cardiovascular disease
B.the sugar in juice is different from the sugar in sweetened beverages
C.fruit juices are only recommended when consumed in small amounts
D.the amount of sugar we consume mainly lies in drinks with added sugar
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【推荐3】Eating as mindfully as we do in a mindfulness course is not realistic for many of us, especially with distractions around us. Here are five simple guidelines to bring our bodies and minds back together.


Let your body catch up to your brain.

    1    . The body actually sends its satiation (饱食) signal about 20 minutes after the brain, which is why we often unconsciously overeat. Simple ways to slow down might just include chewing each bite 25 times or more and setting your fork down between bites.


    2    .

Too often, we eat when our mind tells us to. Rather than just eating when we get emotional signals. which may be different for each of us. be they stress, sadness, or even just boredom, we can listen to our bodies. Is your stomach growling? Or do you feel a little dizzy?


Understand your motivations.

As we practice eating more healthily and a greater variety of foods, we are less likely to rely only on our comfort foods, and more likely to enjoy healthy foods, ultimately finding many foods mentally and physically satisfying as opposed to just a few.    3    .


Connect more deeply with your food.

Many of us don’t even consider where a meal comes from beyond the supermarket packaging. This is a loss, because eating connects us more deeply to the natural world and people involved in the meal.     4    . With just a little more mindfulness like this, we may begin to make wiser choices about sustainability and health in our food, not just for us but for the whole planet.


Attend to your plate.

Multitasking and eating is a recipe for not being able to listen deeply to our body’s needs and wants.     5    , and before the coming attractions are over, we are asking who ate all of it. With your next meal, try single-tasking and just eating.

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D.When we pause to consider that, it’s hard not to feel grateful
E.You don’t have to plan your food down to each bite at special occasions
F.Slowing down is the best way we can get our mind and body to communicate
G.We’ve all had the experience of going to the movies with our bag full of popcorn
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