Cyberspace (网络空间) is constantly developing and presenting new opportunities, as the desire of businesses to quickly adopt new technologies, such as using the Internet to open new channels and adopting cloud services, provides vast opportunity. But, it also brings unexpected risks and unintended consequences that can have a potentially negative effect.
Hardly a day goes by without news of a new cyber threat. Unfortunately, businesses tend to misjudge how much risk they face from cyber crimes and how quickly this risk can develop. For them, the commercial, reputational and financial risks that go with cyberspace presence are real and growing every day.
So all businesses need to do now is establish cyber security within their organization, right?
Establishing cyber security alone is not enough. Nowadays, it is not very difficult for attackers to break security and stop the overall business system. Preventive measures are not enough to stop them. With the advancement of technology, hackers (黑客) have been changing and developing. So business risk management should include risk resilience (复原力) so that businesses can respond to any damaging cyberspace activity. Cyber resilience helps businesses successfully recover to their pre-attack business processes and business operations.
Building cyber resilience is not easy. A key finding of an authentic cyber-resilience report is that no organization can respond effectively on its own to the threats from cyberspace. Organisations must work together to share intelligence and resources. In this way the quality, usability and authenticity of intelligence will be greatly improved.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To make the development of cyberspace known. |
| B．To show the great contributions from business. |
| C．To make the technologies adopted by businesses attractive. |
| D．To make the topic appealing. |
| A．lacking in awareness of cyber safety | B．financially abundant |
| C．managed successfully | D．developed in judgment |
| A．it can prevent attacks | B．threats are always transforming |
| C．cyber security doesn’t work now | D．it keeps all the hackers off the internet |
| A．Effective resilience can be built by an organization alone. |
| B．Joint efforts are required in the formation of true resilience. |
| C．A great amount of difficulty prevented building resilience. |
| D．The cyberspace threat is nothing when cooperation is used. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Dear Windows Internet Explorer,
Our relationship has been strained(紧张的)for a long time. Of course, It's not all your fault, and nor is it all mine. Our intermediary is also to blame: my hated PC, which runs far too slowly, but that does not get you off the hook.
Firstly, I can no longer deal with your ridiculous loading time. Sure, at one time I found it attractive for my browser to take ages to log in or load a web page, but not any more. My life is fuller than it was, and I don't have time for you to semi-load and then stop.
Also, as much as I loved it when we got together, your refusal to log me into some of my necessary accounts, such as email and QQ, has become a problem. It was unfair of you, and I should not have submitted to your cruelty and mistreatment.
The third reason for my leaving you may seem mean: you are simply far too sickly. You are constantly contracting new viruses and your immune system is terrible. I don't have the time or the money to care for you any more. It may seem unfair, but you will have to survive on your own. I cannot keep curing you, finding all your corrupted(损坏的)files and cleansing our intermediary's system because you have given it some virus, bug or spyware. It takes far too much time and energy which I do not have.
Windows Internet Explorer, you did wonderful things for me that, at the time, no other could do. However, my dear, times have changed and while you have, too, you have not changed enough. I am 17now, nearly a grown woman, and I cannot tolerate your childish ways. Therefore, I fear that the time has come for us to part.
Your former friend,
Kirsty
1. What does the underlined word "intermediary" in paragraph 1 mean?| A．The computer. | B．The network speed. | C．A virus. | D．An account. |
| A．Its immune system is really bad. |
| B．The author cannot log into some of her accounts. |
| C．It cannot find corrupted files automatically. |
| D．It takes the author too much time to open a web page. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Skeptical. | C．Critical. | D．Contradictory. |
【推荐2】We often share images or thoughts on social networks. Now, researchers at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) have developed an algorithm (算法) that can analyse the content people post online.
According to William Glasser’s Choice Theory, there are five basic needs: Survival, Power, Freedom, Belonging and Fun. “These needs even have an influence on the images we choose to upload to our Instagram page,” explained Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi, a researcher at the UOC.
The research team has spent two years working on a deep-learning model that identifies the five needs described by Glasser. For the study, which has been published in the journal IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, the researchers analyzed 86 Instagram profiles, in both Spanish and Persian (波斯语), and developed an algorithm to identify the content of the images and categorize textual content by assigning different labels.
Glasser’s theory argues that each choice users make on social media does not respond to just one basic need — the multi-label approach of this study helps to clear it up. Dehshibi uses an example to explain this: “Imagine that a cyclist is riding up a mountain, and at the top, he can choose between sharing a selfie (自拍照) and a group photo. If he chooses the selfie, we perceive a need for Power, but if he chooses the other option, we can conclude that the person is not only looking for Fun but also a way to satisfy his need for Belonging.”
“Studying data from social networks that belong to non-English-speaking users could help build inclusive and diverse tools and models for addressing mental health problems in people with diverse cultural backgrounds,” Dehshibi adds.
The research team believe that their study can help improve preventive measures, ranging from identification to improved treatment when a person has been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health disorder.
Back in 2019, University of Vermont researchers developed an artificial-intelligence-based system that can detect signs of anxiety in the speech patterns of young children. Meanwhile, computer scientists from the University of Alberta, Canada, have developed algorithms that can detect and identify depression through people’s voices.
1. What can the algorithm be used to do?| A．Introducing William Glasser’s Choice Theory. |
| B．Creating different databases for the research team. |
| C．Identifying users’ basic needs from the content they share online. |
| D．Giving people a tool to post images or thoughts on social networks. |
| A．By providing data. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By quoting sayings. | D．By giving examples. |
| A．It can suggest ways to improve social networks. |
| B．It is useful in handling mental health problems. |
| C．It is helpful in changing online users’ bad habits. |
| D．It can link people with diverse cultural backgrounds together. |
| A．Summarize the previous paragraphs. | B．Provide some advice for the readers. |
| C．Add some background information. | D．Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
【推荐3】Instagram is containing so many photos of food—now a pop-up diner in London is taking advantage of this new trend by letting people settle the bill for their meals simply by uploading photos of their dishes to social networks.
I always thought people's taking pictures of their food was kind of silly,but at this new pop-up restaurant in the UK,I'd probably do it too.“The Picture House” is the world's first pay-by-photo restaurant—you order,click a photo of the food,share on Instagram and eat for free!
The restaurant belongs to frozen food giant (巨人) Birds Eye,who came up with the idea to cash in on people's addiction with photographing food and sharing the pictures online.They conducted a survey and found out that more than half of the British population regularly took pictures of their meals.So they realized it was a better way to advertise their new dining range.
The pop-up diner was open in Soho,London for three days in May,and is now moving to other major UK cities. They serve two-course meals that customers don't have to pay for,if they photo and Instagram it.
The restaurant is a part of Birds Eye's 'Food for Life' campaign,a new marketing project that aims at changing the way people look at frozen food."Taking photos of food enables people to show off and to share their mealtime moments—from the everyday to the special," said marketing director Margaret Jobling .
The reaction to The Picture House has been great so far.And The pay-by-picture concept has proven to be an effective way.Alternative payment methods are actually gaining popularity among a lot of businesses.Last year,in a cafe in Germany customers pay by how much time they spend there,not by what they eat.
1. Instagram probably is ____.| A．a restaurant free of charge | B．a program used to share photos |
| C．a new marketing project | D．a campaign of "Food for Life" |
| A．raise the price of frozen food | B．reward the regular customers |
| C．create a new social media trend | D．attract more customers |
| A．No Need to Pay. | B．The Pop-up Diner. | C．Pay by Picture. | D．Food for Life. |
【推荐1】Boomerang children who return to live with their parents after university can be good for families, leading to closer, more supportive relationships and increased contact between the generations, a study has found.
The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents’ quality of life and wellbeing.
The young adults taking part in the study were “more positive than might have been expected” about moving back home – the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents’ financial and emotional support. Daughters were happier than sons, often slipping back easily into teenage patterns of behaviour, the study found.
Parents on the whole were more uncertain, expressing concern about the likely duration of the arrangement and how to manage it. But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.
The families featured in the study were middle-class and tended to view the achievement of adult independence for their children as a “family project”. Parents accepted that their children required support as university students and then as graduates returning home, as they tried to find jobs paying enough to enable them to move out and get on the housing ladder.
“However,” the study says, “day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict, characterized the experience of a majority of parents and a little over half the graduates”.
Areas of divergence included chores, money and social life. While parents were keen to help, they also wanted different relationships from those they had with their own parents, and continuing to support their adult children allowed them to remain close.
1. What is the finding of the previous research?| A．Boomerang children made their parents happier. |
| B．The parents were looking forward to their children’s return. |
| C．The parents’ quality of life became worse than before. |
| D．Boomerang children never did any housework. |
| A．They are ashamed of turning to their parents for help. |
| B．They are glad that they could come back. |
| C．They are doubtful about whether they should return. |
| D．They are proud to be independent from the family. |
| A．The children want to keep in closer touch with their parents. |
| B．The parents want to provide support to their children. |
| C．It is harder for the children to secure a satisfying job. |
| D．There is more housework needed to be done by the children. |
| A．disagreement | B．harmony | C．responsibility | D．cooperation |
All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left bebind in another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have dange according to some seientists; too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about.
However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imaginations take us into another world.
There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faeed; they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.
1. The new products become more and more time-saving beeause_________.| A．our love on speed seems never-ending |
| B．time is limited |
| C．the prices are increasingly high |
| D．the manufacturers boast a lot |
| A．Imaginary life. | B．Simple life in the past. |
| C．Times of inventions. | D．Time for constant activity. |
| A．Critical. | B．Objective. | C．Optimistic. | D．Negative. |
| A．The present and past times. | B．Machinary and human beings. |
| C．Imaginations and inventions. | D．Modern technology and its influence. |
【推荐3】My wife and I were at a crowded grocery store not long ago. It was a weekday evening, cold and wet and tense. People were carelessly blocking aisles, complaining and cutting one another of with their carts. At one point, two women quarreled for several minutes after colliding in the freezer section.
Things got worse at the checkout line. The cashier scanned a man’s discount card, but he misread the savings on her screen as an additional charge. He decided she was acting intentionally and began to argue.
Other customers looked away as the cashier tried to reason with him. She called a manager, who took him to customer service. Shaken, she moved to the next customer in line.
We’ve all witnessed uncomfortable scenes like this in public places. My reaction when I see them is both personal and professional. I am a data analyst and sociologist who studies how and why people interact with one another--or why they choose not to. To me, the grocery scene was another example of how our trust in others has eroded. But it was also a teachable moment on how we can rebuild our faith —— starting with just one person.
Therefore, my wife and I reached the disturbed cashier. I grabbed a bottle of water from a nearby cooler and handed it to her. We learned her name was Beth
“We felt bad about how that man treated you and wanted to buy this for you.” I said.
Beth’s face lit up, and we talked as she scanned our items. She told us she had been working that evening through severe foot pain and would be having surgery later that week. We wished her well in her recovery, and she thanked us as we left.
That is the balancing act, the moment of countering social and emotional pain with healing, that will add up to restore trust across the United States. You can start that pattern in someone else’s life, even in a place as ordinary as the neighborhood grocery store.
1. Why did the man the checkout line argue with the cashier?| A．He believed the cashier charged him more on purpose. |
| B．There was something wrong with his discount card. |
| C．Someone jumped the queue waiting to check out. |
| D．The cashier called a manager to help her. |
| A．increased | B．changed | C．formed | D．faded |
| A．he wanted to restore the trust between hr and the man |
| B．he wanted to comfort her after the terrible experience just now |
| C．he thought the cashier might feel a little bit thirsty |
| D．he knew she had gone through much trouble recently |
| A．make a suggestion | B．add a warming |
| C．present an argument | D．introduce a topic |
【推荐1】Geoffrey Holt was a “nobody” in the public eye. He worked in his eighties as a caretaker at a mobile home park in Hinsdale, New Hampshire.
Holt collected hundreds of model cars and train sets that filled his rooms. He also collected books about history, with Henry Ford and World War II among his favorite topics. Holt had an extensive record collection too, including Handel and Mozart. Very often, he’d find a quiet place and study financial publications.
After retiring, Holt did various jobs for others. Despite having taught driver’s education course to high schoolers, he’d given up driving a car. He opted for a bicycle instead and finally the mower（除草机）. His mobile home in the park was mostly empty of furniture—no TV and no computer, either. The legs of the bed went through the floor.
But Holt did have two things. He had a big secret and an even bigger heart. He passed away in early 2023. In a move that surprised the tiny town of 4,200 people, he left all his worldly goods to the people of Hinsdale.
With his casual lifestyle, no one would have guessed that Holt had a wealth worth up to $3.8million! Holt, who earlier in life had worked as a production manager at a grain factory that closed down in nearby Brattleboro, Vermont, spent his money on communications, hoping to earn more out of it. In the end, it was doing better than he’d ever expected.
Holt grew up in Springfield, Massachusetts. His father, Lee Holt, was a professor who taught English and world literature in a college. His mother, Margaret Holt, was an artist. Holt went to boarding schools and attended the former Marlboro College in Vermont, where students had self-designed degree plans. He graduated in 1963 and earned a master’s degree from the college where his father taught in 1968.
Undoubtedly, Holt will be remembered forever.
1. What can we learn about Holt?
| A．He had a wide range of interests. | B．He had always longed to be a driver. |
| C．He possessed a mobile home park. | D．He was often out of job while young. |
| A．By gaining his parents’ help. | B．By doing business in a field. |
| C．By setting up a grain factory. | D．By working hard after retiring. |
| A．His father’s education concept. | B．His educational experiences. |
| C．His parents’ love for him. | D．His early work dreams. |
| A．Simple but other-centered. | B．Serious but straightforward. |
| C．Daring and demanding. | D．Easygoing and ambitious. |
【推荐2】Unknown to most of us laymen (门外汉), there is quite a lot of interest in developing edible tags for our food. These could perform the same role as today’s food labels but would also form a tasty snack after use — which would also do away with the information contained on the label.
Now, Japanese researchers have developed an approach to produce one such kind of unobtrusive (不阻塞的), edible tag, which can be safely embedded (嵌入) inside edible products. So far, the team has been experimenting with tags that are baked into cookies. Known as “interiQR”, such tags can be read using a device without altering the food or its packaging and don’t have any impact on the taste of the product.
One enormous drawback of our labels as they are today is that, cumulatively (渐增地), they lead to mounds and mounds of extra material used for packaging—which translates to increased waste and pollution. Using a QR cookie as a tag would help cut down on packaging waste while not altering the items in any way.
The information is contained in 3D-printed “infills”, around which the cookies are baked. Such a “label” would also allow producers, retailers, or customers to read the information using a QR code reader or a backlight at any point in a product’s life.
“Our 3D printing method is a great example of the digital transformation of foods, which we hope will improve food traceability and safety,” says senior author of the study, Kosuke Sato. “This technology can also be used to provide novel food experiences through augmented (提高的) reality, which is an exciting new field in the food industry.”
The team is confident that their cookie tags could prove to be a great help in reducing packaging waste worldwide once they’re adopted on a wide scale. Needless to say, suddenly having a cookie available to munch on with every purchase is incentive (刺激) enough to adopt the use of these interiQR cookies.
1. What can be inferred about the edible tag after it is read?| A．It must be removed from the snack. | B．It’ll damage the packaging of the snack. |
| C．It’ll become part of the snack. | D．It’ll update the information on the snack. |
| A．By giving examples. | B．By describing the process. |
| C．By giving definitions. | D．By making a comparison. |
| A．It sets a good example of tasty food. |
| B．It is expected to be used to locate food sources. |
| C．It enables customers to read a novel while eating. |
| D．It makes information accessible to customers anytime. |
| A．Novel Food Experiences from QR Cookie |
| B．Future Food Label in a QR Cookie |
| C．3D Printing and Environment |
| D．Edible Tags Making Cookies Tastier |
The Chinese for cloisonne is jing tai lan, “Jing Ta” being the name of a Ming Dynasty emperor during whose reign mass production of such articles (物品) began. Cloisonne techniques were brought from Persia into Yunnan Province during the Yuan Dynasty and improved during the Ming Dynasty by searching for a combination with the traditional techniques, giving birth to a new kind of cloisonné called jing tai lan.
Jade Artifacts
Jade artifacts of the Liangzhu Culture are found mainly in Jiangsu, Zhejang and Anhui provinces near the lower parts of the Yangtze River. The discovery in 1986 of the largest “ king of congs, ” was a surprise. The “king” , which is 8.8 centimeters long and 17.6 centimeters in diameter and weighs 6.5 kilograms, was dug from an old tomb on Mount Fanshan, Zhejiang Province.
Blue and White Porcelain
The Chinese porcelain before the Song Dynasty (960-1279) basically was blue or white, but this was changed in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) when a new type was produced, that is, the globally famous blue and white porcelain. Most raw materials for blue and white porcelain came from Yunnan, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, and the rest were imported from foreign countries.
Animal-shaped bronze vessels
Bronze vessels of the Shang Dynasty ( C. 1600-1046 BC ) take the shape of animals that look unusual to catch people’s eye. A most well-known example is a wine vessel dug from the tomb of Fu Hao, a wife of King Wuding of Shang, in Anyang, Henan Province. The vessel takes the shape of an animal with a head that looks like a horse head but with goat horns. There is a wing on each, and a dragon on the back.
1. Why were Cloisonne techniques enhanced later?| A．Because they were brought from Persia. |
| B．Because a new sort of Cloisonne was born. |
| C．Because they were combined with traditional ones. |
| D．Because Cloisonne can be produced in large amounts. |
| A．Foreign countries. | B．The Yangtze River. |
| C．Areas at home. | D．Cities from overseas. |
| A．The relationship with a King. | B．The dynasty they date back to. |
| C．The location they were found. | D．The shape of unique creatures. |
