Parents annoyed by their little ones’ picky food choices often sigh in anger, thinking, “They’ll grow out of it by college.” Maybe not, suggests a new study from Bowling Green State University in Ohio. Some young people continue their picky eating into early adulthood, often restricting their diets to 10 foods or even fewer. Such a deficient diet can mean they’re not getting the fibre and vegetables they need, which could be a health problem. They study also suggests picky eaters may also be experiencing other challenges such as social phobias (恐惧症), including around eating. The social phobia is the fear of being judged by others during everyday activities, often resulting in fear or embarrassment.
For the study, researchers surveyed 488 Midwestern college students. About 40% of the students were identified as picky eaters. And about 65% of those respondents said they ate fewer than 10 foods. “We asked participants to just tell us what challenges around picky eating might have had or any benefits they might see, and people answered differently in terms of what has an effect on them,” said co-author Lauren Dial, a doctoral student at Bowling Green State at the time of the study.
Many indicated they’d eat less or not at all outside the home. One 19-year-old man said he’d drink water half the time “due to my picky eating”, according to the study. Another 18-year-old said, “Sometimes there are some awkward comments when I am eating with my girlfriend and her family.” A 23-year-old woman said her parents would get frustrated at her refusal to try the foods she was served.
“Picky eating does have a lot to do with the presentation of foods (how they’re presented on a plate), and the texture (口感) of foods (is it a consistent texture),” Dial Said, “but there’s also fear of trying new foods and that might play into picky eating.” By learning more about picky eating in adults, the researchers said they may be able to determine how best to intervene (干预) before the problem becomes more severe for some people.
1. What can best replace the underlined word “deficient” in paragraph 1?| A．Limited. | B．Low-fat. | C．Balanced. | D．High-fibre. |
| A．Record how often they eat out. | B．Ignore what influences their eating. |
| C．Express how picky eating affects them. | D．Count how many kinds of foods they prefer. |
| A．By presenting data. | B．By providing examples. |
| C．By following time order. | D．By making comparisons. |
| A．It has something to do with family traditions. |
| B．It can be easily cured by researchers. |
| C．It often comes along with serious mental illnesses. |
| D．It can have both physical and mental reasons. |
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【推荐1】How to Have a Healthy Diet
Many people with serious illnesses would give anything they have for a single day of perfect health.
Dink more water.
Eat breakfast. A light, healthy breakfast is enough to reap the benefits of eating early.
Consider going meatless. In case you haven’t noticed, meat hasn’t played much of a role in what we’ve talked about so far.
| A．Eat at the right time. |
| B．Eat midnight snacks properly. |
| C．Water plays an important role in our health. |
| D．Adult humans should drink 2-3 liters of water per day. |
| E．Research shows that breakfast skippers actually eat more! |
| F．Therefore, being vegetarian is a good way to reduce your calorie intake. |
| G．After all, it’s only when you lose your health that you realize what you once had. |
【推荐2】Trying to keep a healthy diet? Be sure to read our list of the top four fake health foods first!
Smoothies
They’re made with tons of fruit, so they must be healthy, right?
What most people don’t realize, however, is that these delicious and “healthy” drinks are full of sugar and can have more calories than a large meal! Many smoothies have more than just fruit. Some have ice-cream or yogurt. You’re really better off making your own smoothies at home with your own fresh fruit and low-fat yogurt!
Salad
So you and your friends have stopped at a fast-food restaurant for a quick bite. Since you’re a healthy person, you decide to get a salad. After all, it’s better than anything else there, right? Don’t be so sure. Salad toppings(浇料) such as bacon, cheese, and dressing can make your choice of a meal just as unhealthy as eating a double hamburger. Check the facts before you take a bite.
Cereal Bars
A cereal bar may appear to be a healthy snack. After all, the box has a photo of healthy people eating them on a hike. But don’t let the packaging fool you! Many cereal bars have as much sugar and fat as any candy bar. Read the ingredient (成分) list and make sure it’s healthy before you buy.
Sushi Rolls
Many people watching their weight prefer light sushi lunches and dinners, but be careful—there are some rolls that will influence your diet. Many have mayonnaise and deep-fried shrimp, both high in fat. When with soy sauce, sushi rolls become very high in salt.
This doesn’t mean you have to cut out this delicious Japanese food together, but you do have to be careful with your choices.
1. Salad is sometimes considered as a fake health food because ______.| A．salad is a kind of fast food |
| B．salad may have unhealthy toppings |
| C．salad may have ice-cream or yogurt |
| D．a salad is as large as a double hamburger |
| A．The packaging. | B．The sugar and fat. |
| C．The calories and salt. | D．The ingredient list. |
| A．The best way to lose weight is to eat salad. |
| B．Many foods appear to be healthy but are not. |
| C．Hamburgers can make people put on weight. |
| D．Junk food is unhealthy and should be avoided. |
| A．tell people how to keep healthy |
| B．suggest making food at home |
| C．tell people to choose food carefully |
| D．introduce different kinds of foods |
【推荐3】Why do we eat so much?
One reason is buffet lunches—they need no explanation. Business dinners that last for hours also encourage people to eat too much. Dinner parties with friends are also culprits, as being in a good mood gives you an appetite. Eating too quickly because you are busy can also be a problem. It takes 20 minutes for the brain to receive a warning of overeating, so wolfing lunch in 10 minutes is not a good idea. Finally, skipping meals due to work pressure can lead to binge-eating in the evening.
What’s wrong about overeating?
“Taking in half the food that your stomach can contain is enough for you to survive. Eating too much places a burden on your organs and causes many health problems,” heath education expert Hong Shaoguang said.
Health risks:
Obesity: Countless scientific studies have proved that obesity causes heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arteriosclerosis and other complications.
Gastropathy: Overeating can cause severe indigestion even damage the gastrointestinal tract.
Fatigue: Overeating slows brain reactions and accelerates the brain’s aging process.
Cancer: Japanese scientists have found that overeating can switch off a gene that combats cancer.
Dementia: Japanese experts have found that 30 to 40 percent of senile dementia patients overate when they were younger.
1. Which will not encourage people to eat too much according to the text?| A．Being in a good mood. | B．Business dinners lasting for hours. |
| C．Too delicious food. | D．Eating too quickly. |
| A．Half the food that your stomach can contain. |
| B．As much food as your stomach can contain. |
| C．More food than your stomach can contain. |
| D．A quarter of th food that your stomach can contain. |
| A．Heart disease. | B．Indigestion | C．Looking older | D．Cancer |
【推荐1】A new study, published in The Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge (测量) connectedness. In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned people at random to do one or the other. Although people predicted that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. However, people who participated in the experiment reported that they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email, and they did not feel more awkward.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connected by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio(声音). They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or audio only — made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can express thoughts without being disturbed.
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message. In face-to-face communication, people are able to gauge the meaning behind the content more easily without thinking the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.
1. What is the purpose of the study?| A．To encourage people to let their fingers do the talking. |
| B．To introduce the effects of verbal and non-verbal communications. |
| C．To show the strengths and weaknesses of making phone calls. |
| D．To compare connectedness of communication through voice and typing. |
| A．Typing a letter. | B．Sending an email. |
| C．Texting a message. | D．Having a video chat. |
| A．It’s easy to express the true meaning of a conversation by texting. |
| B．A phone call can convey information more exactly than texting. |
| C．It’s not a good way to communicate face to face. |
| D．Texting is more convenient than calling. |
| A．Being more formal. | B．Being less awkward. |
| C．Being more straightforward. | D．Being less expensive. |
【推荐2】Our brain is a wonderful and complicated organ.
In recent years, scientists have discovered new ways to study the brain. They can now watch the activities of different parts of our brain while it is at work. We can think of these techniques as new windows on our minds.
If someone were to use this technique to study your brain, your head would be surrounded by a machine that includes a big magnet (磁铁).
Everything we learn must be stored as memories in our brain.
| A．One new research method is called FMRI. |
| B．This device can discover tiny signals coming from oxygen. |
| C．Most of our memories are stored away out of our awareness. |
| D．Storing memories is one of the most important jobs our brain does. |
| E．Keeping that information in our brain means our brain changes. |
| F．When we need them, they can be “copied” and placed for immediate use. |
| G．Scientists have been working for centuries to understand how it works. |
【推荐3】If you live in one of the 40 million American households with a gas stove, it could be leaking even when it’s turned off.
According to a new study from Stanford scientists, many stoves are constantly giving out gases that can warm the planet and pose serious health risks when breathed in. The research found methane missions from gas stoves across the United States are roughly equal to the carbon dioxide released by half a million gas-powered cars in a year.
To estimate the impact of these emissions, researchers measured three key gases from stoves in 53 homes across seven California counties. The team chose two gases — methane and carbon dioxide — because of their contribution to climate change, and selected nitrogen oxides because of their known risk to human health. The scientists set up plastic dividing walls between the kitchens and other rooms and used instruments that measure wavelengths of light to determine the concentration of certain gases.
The team estimated that stoves release between 0.8 and 1.3 percent of the natural gas they consume as unburned methane. To their surprise, they found that more than three-quarters of the methane emissions happened when both old and new gas stoves were turned off. “Over a 20-year time scale, the global warming potential of methane leaks is 86 times greater than carbon dioxide,” Stanford reports.
The most significant health risks happen when the stove is lit, the authors note, because the process creates nitrogen dioxide as a byproduct. Increasing airflow by using a range hood can help reduce the personal health risk of natural gas-burning appliances, but most individuals report rarely using their ventilation system.
In a small kitchen, it only took a few minutes of unventilated stove use to generate emissions levels above national health standards. According to a meta-analysis from 2013, children living in homes with gas stoves were 42 percent more likely to experience symptoms associated with asthma, and 24 percent more likely to be diagnosed with lifetime asthma.
In addition to health risks, natural gas burning stoves also endanger the planet by releasing methane. The results of the study have furled efforts by scientists and activists to encourage Americans to switch to all-electric stoves and appliances.
1. Which gas leaking from stoves warms the earth most?| A．Methane. | B．Carbon dioxide. | C．Nitrogen oxide. | D．Nitrogen dioxide. |
| A．The measuring instruments. | B．The American families. |
| C．The team members. | D．The gas stoves. |
| A．When it is old. | B．When it is new. |
| C．When it is turned on. | D．When it is turned off. |
| A．Equip kitchens. | B．Switch to clean fuels. |
| C．Use sustainable energy. | D．Purchase electric stoves. |
【推荐1】The Internet plays a big part in human life. We use it for work and entertainment. We can find new recipes on the Internet or advice on staying healthy. We can even use it to learn a new language and connect with family and friends.
As far as the Internet being a part of our lives —well, that train has left the station. This expression means there is no going back to an Internet-free life. But can using the Internet too much be bad for our health? It might be, say researchers.
A new study finds that heavy Internet use may be connected to high blood pressure in an unlikely group— teenagers. The study results show that teens who spend at least 14 hours a week online were more likely to have high blood pressure. High blood pressure can cause heart and kidney (肾) disease. It is also closely linked to some forms of dementia (痴呆), a brain disease. Dementia is marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and a reduced ability to reason.
The Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan did the study. 335 young people from 14 to 17 years old participated in it. One hundred and thirty-four of the teens were described as “heavy Internet users.” Researchers found that out of these 134 teens, 26 had high blood pressure.
The lead researcher of the study is Andrea Cassidy-Bushrow. In a statement she said, “Using the Internet is part of our daily life but it shouldn’t consume us.” For the purpose of the study, she explains, teens considered heavy Internet users were online on “average 25 hours a week.” Ms. Cassidy-Bushrow adds that it is important for teens to take “regular breaks from their computers or smartphones” and to do some “kind of physical activity.”
1. Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?| A．The train has stopped at the wrong station. |
| B．There is something wrong with the train. |
| C．Life without the Internet is nowhere to be found. |
| D．The train has changed its course. |
| A．will remember everything clearly | B．will change his character |
| C．will develop a brain cancer | D．can do analysis accurately |
| A．40% | B．19% | C．25% | D．7% |
| A．The Internet Does Harm to the Study. |
| B．Too Much Internet May Be Bad for Teenagers. |
| C．We Should Stop Using the Internet. |
| D．High Blood Pressure Is around the Comer. |
【推荐2】For as long as we’ve known about it, humans have searched for a cure for cancer. Across the world, countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a way to stop this terrible disease. But now, it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time.
Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA, a government agency that’s responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer.
The therapy allows scientists to “train” the immune (有免疫力的) cells of sick patients to fight leukemia—a form of blood cancer that mostly affects young people.
The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient, known as T-cells, which are then changed to be able to “hunt down” cancer cells.
The cells are then put back into the patient before they begin to get rid of the patient’s leukemia over time, similar to how the body fights off other illnesses.
“This is truly an exciting new day for cancer patients,” Louis J. DeGennaro, president of The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, said in a news release.
Up until now, a long and painful marrow transplant (骨髓移植) was the only option for many leukemia patients.
In this procedure, healthy blood cells are taken from a donor and placed into the sick patient, who also has to go through chemotherapy (化疗) to allow their body to adjust to the new cells.
But with a recovery rate of around 83%—according to a news release published by the FDA—it’s hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers.
“We’re entering a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient’s own cells to attack a deadly cancer,” FDA representative Scott Gottlieb said in the release. “New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses.”
1. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?| A．To compare different ways of curing leukemia. |
| B．To report on a breakthrough in cancer treatment. |
| C．To explore the potential of gene and cell therapies. |
| D．To show scientists’ efforts in search of a cure for cancer. |
| A．By replacing sick blood cells with healthy ones. |
| B．By using changed T-cells to destroy cancer cells. |
| C．By removing sick blood cells during a marrow transplant. |
| D．By using chemotherapy to improve the patient’s immune system. |
| A．It can give them a better chance of survival and recovery. |
| B．It can improve their ability to fight off all kinds of cancer. |
| C．It can reduce their pain in the process of the marrow transplant |
| D．It can save them many more trips to the hospital and cause more deaths. |
| A．A biology textbook. | B．A research paper. |
| C．A medical magazine. | D．A travel brochure. |
【推荐3】The global population growing, the climate is warming, and, no surprise, the demand for energy is steadily increasing. We need to use less energy in any way that we can.
German design student Tobias Tribenbacher, from the University of the Arts Berlin, has created a street light called Papilio in response to global sustainability initiatives, saying that he initially chose to create a city-facing streetlight due to such lights’ role in light pollution.
Papilio can be mounted to walls or set up as a freestanding lantern. The lamp should ideally be placed between three to six metres above ground, where ground-level winds are the strongest. The lamp is shaped like a pinwheel that acts as a wind turbine (涡轮), catching the wind to produce its own energy. It also has a rechargeable battery that stores electricity, so the lamp can operate even on less windy days.
Another key component of the lamp is the light itself. The warm-colored light doesn’t draw the attention of insects, and it uses an infrared (红外线的) sensor so that the light is only started by nearby motion, reducing its contribution to light pollution.
Aside from saving public space and beautifying streets, the streetlight’s design is also a visual signal of clean energy in action. “Design not only determines how street lights are working. It can also shape our attitude towards them and consequently affect how we use them,” Tobias Tribenbacher says. “Because energy creation is often an invisible process, projects such as these help the production of electricity become comprehensible.”
The lamp’s ability to change wind power into electricity can also be a huge benefit to naturally windy areas. And since it doesn’t require any electrical infrastructure (基础设施), there will be an opportunity to fix the street lights in remote settings or places where infrastructure innovations can be cost-prohibitive.
Just as lanterns create the character of streets and squares, Papilio is envisioned as a public sustainability statement that motivates residents to take part in transforming our cities into climate-friendly, future-proof environments.
1. Why did Tribenbacher choose to create the street light?| A．To tackle light pollution. | B．To reduce biodiversity loss. |
| C．To beautify the city he lives in. | D．To draw public attention to waste. |
| A．It occupies a large space. | B．It can be fixed anywhere. |
| C．It is switched off by hand. | D．It is unattractive to insects. |
| A．The climate crisis is tough to address. |
| B．Design can facilitate our comprehension of energy production. |
| C．We must take action to save clean energy. |
| D．We know little about electricity generation. |
| A．To stress the importance of innovation. | B．To introduce a wind-powered street light. |
| C．To advocate environmental sustainability. | D．To analyze the sustainability of the street light. |
