For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use—getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows.
For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression.
Both high-intensity (高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode (一段经历) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”
Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression.
1. How did the researchers reach their conclusion?A.By analyzing a mass of data. |
B.By conducting genetic research. |
C.By comparing various levels of activity. |
D.By tracking the subjects for many years. |
A.Physical activity betters medical treatment. |
B.Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it. |
C.Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same. |
D.Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment. |
A.Harmful. | B.Complex. |
C.Unusual. | D.Common. |
A.To discuss a disease. |
B.To introduce a method. |
C.To analyze a genetic risk. |
D.To explain a phenomenon. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging.
Emotional problems, such as stress, anxiety or depression, can make a person more forgetful. For instance, someone who has recently retired or who is coping with the death of a relative or a friend may feel sad, lonely or worried.
The confusion and forgetfulness caused by emotions are usually temporary and go away when the feelings fade. The emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family.
If you’re concerned that you or someone you know has a serious memory problem, talk with your doctor.
A.Consider participating in clinical trials or studies. |
B.It’s advisable to have health issues treated in time. |
C.He or she can diagnose the problem or refer you to a specialist. |
D.But if they last for a long time, it is necessary to get help from a doctor. |
E.Some memory problems are related to health issues that may be treatable. |
F.As people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain. |
G.Trying to deal with these life changes leaves some people confused or forgetful. |
【推荐2】As much as 80 percent of early heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices.
Get eight hours of sleep. When we are not rested, everything that happens in our life is a lot more stressful. If we don't have enough sleep, our bodies will have difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation (炎症) and glucose levels (血糖水平).
Laugh. A study found a lower incidence (发生率) of heart disease in those who reported laughing every day. For one thing, laughter reduces stress and depression. For another, it may also serve as a mini-workout, helping blood circulation and protecting our heart.
Treat depression.
Have breakfast. A recent study found that healthy people who didn't have breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease six years later than those who had breakfast regularly.
A.Reduce risks. |
B.Engage in volunteer work. |
C.Depression can affect the way we behave. |
D.Depression is a serious cause of heart disease. |
E.These factors can all have an impact on our heart health. |
F.So we need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle. |
G.Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. |
【推荐3】Dolphins are social and intelligent animals. And, like the way humans maintain relationships by hugging or giving a handshake, dolphins breathe together at the same time when they come up from the water for air. This shared act is important for creating social connections. But sharing the same air and area is also spreading an infectious and deadly disease among the dolphins.
Janet Mann and other scientists are trying to understand the virus. They discovered it in the water off the American states of Virginia and Maryland. It is now spreading to other Atlantic coast dolphins.
Mann explains that the dolphin virus is in the lungs. “When dolphins breathe together at the surface, they’re sharing tiny droplets just like we do when we’re talking with each other,” she said.
During her 35 years of studying dolphins, Janet Mann has noticed that even though dolphins have close friends, they visit other dolphins and leave the groups often. Following the social lives of dolphins in the Chesapeake Bay has permitted researchers to identify over 2,000 dolphin individuals. They can remember them by their special shapes and markings on their back fins.
Two researchers, Melissa Collier and Ann-Marie Jacoby, saw two dolphins. A third dolphin joined his friends. All three dolphins came to the surface of the water and breathed together. “This is typical, male behavior. The males stay pretty coordinated (协调) with each other. The females sync (同步), but not as regularly. They syne mostly with their offspring (幼崽).” Mann says. This behavior pattern might explain why more male dolphins have died in the most recent outbreak of the virus.
Viruses are naturally occurring in the wild, but human activities in the ocean can make the virus worse by wakening environments and populations even more. Pollution from carbon and plastics, limited food sources, along with ocean warming from climate change, harm the animals. These factors weaken the dolphins’ immune systems. “So, they are extremely vulnerable (脆弱的,易受伤的) to virus outbreaks.” Mann says.
1. What are Mann and other scientists trying to do?A.Record the dolphins’ social habits. | B.Increase the population of dolphins. |
C.Compare the viruses among dolphins. | D.Study the spread of the virus among dolphins. |
A.Researchers. | B.Close friends. |
C.The social lives of dolphins | D.Over 2,000 dolphin individuals. |
A.They absorbed more air than females. | B.They did more social activities together. |
C.They came to the surface of the water more | D.They were more vulnerable to viruses. |
A.Ocean warming. | B.Dolphins breathing together. |
C.Researchers studying dolphins. | D.The growing population of dolphins. |
【推荐1】What do you usually do to comfort your friends when they are feeling sad or depressed? You probably pat them on the back or shoulder, or maybe you give them a big, warm hug.
We used to think that knowing when and how to comfort others was an ability that only humans have. But scientists have discovered that apes (猩猩)have this ability, too. Two researchers from Emory University in Atlanta, US, went to an Ape Protection Centre in Congo to study bonobos (倭黑猩猩),which are closely related to humans.
The researchers analyzed the bonobos' reactions after more than 370 cases of stressful situations, such as fights and losing temper, and found that some bonobos rushed to hug those that were screaming after being attacked, just like humans would have done.
However, researchers said that not all bonobos were able to comfort others. In the protection centre, many bonobos are orphans (孤儿)whose mothers were killed by hunters. They were found to be more anxious in times of tension and have greater difficulty controlling their own emotions, malting them worse at reaching out to help friends in need.
"Orphans, who have not had the benefit of a mother helping them handling their emotions, are much worse al comforting others,” Professor Frans de Waal, one of the researchers, told The Telegraph. "Bonobos with moms were able to curb their negative emotional reactions more quickly. Therefore, they pay more attention to others.” This pattern mirrors the way that human children have been found to react. Those who seem more capable of handling their own emotions—for example, the ones who can calm themselves down more quickly after upsetting experiences—are usually better at expressing their concerns for others .
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Orphan bonobos never give a hand to friends. |
B.There were 370 bonobos involved in the research. |
C.Moms play a significant role in handling kids' emotions. |
D.The ability to comfort others is unique to human beings. |
A.express | B.observe | C.hide | D.control |
A.A science journal | B.A travel leaflet |
C.A literature review | D.A science fiction |
A.To uncover the mystery of Apes. |
B.To inform readers of a new study. |
C.To provide better protection for Apes. |
D.To compare human behaviors with Apes. |
【推荐2】Population data for European mountain birds have been for the first time combined in a recent study, with worrying results: the abundances of mountain-specialist birds has declined by as much as 10% in the 2000s.
Ecological communities in mountain areas include species not found in any other habitats. These species are also very susceptible to climate change, as global warming is reducing their liveable habitats. In principle, species may relocate further up the mountains, but closer to the top their habitat inevitably shrinks.
According to the new article, the abundance of European mountain birds has in fact declined in line with climate change projections.
The recently released study examined the population trends of 44 bird species in the 2000s in the mountain and fell regions of Fennoscandia, Great Britain, the Alps and the Iberian Peninsula. A decline was seen in 14 of the observed species, while eight of them saw significant increase.
“On average, population decline among the species studied was 7% over the 13-year research period, making the situation of mountain birds distinctly worse compared to, for example, European forest birds, whose numbers did not change during the same period,” explains Aleksi Lehikoinen, an Academy of Finland research fellow at the Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus (part of the University of Helsinki), who headed the study.
The situation is the direst for species that only inhabit mountain regions and are unable to live in other European environments. For these species, known as mountain specialists, the numbers dwindled by as much as 10% during the monitoring period.
1. What can we get from the passage about European mountain birds?A.They are newly found species. |
B.They can be found at any place of the world. |
C.The number of the birds has decreased greatly. |
D.The number of the birds has increased greatly. |
A.Air pollutions. |
B.Global warming. |
C.Human activities. |
D.Competition with other species. |
A.All 44 bird species decreased. |
B.Only 8 of the species declined. |
C.14 of the observed species declined. |
D.There was no change in the number of the bird species. |
A.Serious. | B.Useful. |
C.Suitable. | D.Waterless. |
【推荐3】Nightmares, or bad dreams, are terrible. I’ve dreamt about throwing up, animals swallowing me, and someone breaking into my house―all causing me to wake up in the middle of the night, heart racing, anxiety growing out of control. Sometimes, my bad dreams reflect exactly what I’m feeling anxious about. Other times, they’re about something else, but still seemingly caused by my anxiety levels. To find out if anxiety really can cause bad dreams, I went straight to the experts.
The experts I spoke with agreed that anxiety could contribute to bad dreams. “Thoughts filled with anxiety while someone is asleep can manifest (显现) themselves as bad dreams or stress dreams,” said Alex Dimitriu, a double board-certified physician in psychiatry and sleep medicine. “Stress dreams, such as missing an important event, a test, or a flight, are often quite common in people undergoing stress during their daily lives.”
Although the reasons why we dream are not fully understood, there may be times when your mind is simply trying to work through a challenge from that day — one that can be causing you to feel anxious. “We do know from research that the brain continues to work on solving problems during sleep,” explained Jason Durant, a New York-based licensed clinical psychologist.
In that sense, dreaming can actually be a good thing, even if it feels uncomfortable at the time. “The mind is attempting to prompt (促使) you to use the tools you successfully used before when in a similar life situation, or to remind you what did not work and to try something new,” said Nancy Irwin, a clinical psychologist.
Anyhow, bad dreams may be the last thing you want. You may not be able to prevent bad dreams completely, but you can focus on managing your anxiety during the day, which may help alleviate (减轻) the problem. Dr. Dimitriu suggests going for a walk, talking to friends and journaling to process your feelings throughout the day. Then, in the evenings, step away from your devices, and take some time to plot out a strategy for dealing with the things that are causing you stress.
1. Why does the author mention his/her experiences of bad dreams?A.To say anxiety is very common. |
B.To analyze the cause of bad dreams. |
C.To find anxiety levels in a dream. |
D.To prove bad dreams are unavoidable. |
A.Bad dreams. |
B.Sleeping people. |
C.Stressful events. |
D.Anxious thoughts. |
A.They keep us free of anxiety. |
B.They help us deal with problems. |
C.They allow us to recall the past. |
D.They warn us to remain cautious. |
A.Advice on how to reduce bad dreams. |
B.Ways to totally prevent dreaming. |
C.How to relieve anxiety through exercise. |
D.How to improve sleep quality at night. |
【推荐1】Please Take my Children to Work Day(PTCW Day) first began as a holiday for hard-working and tired stay-at-home mothers to take a day off. Now, this day is fit for any parent. It was created in 2003 and is celebrated each year on June 25, but it isn't a public holiday. It encourages friends and family to take care of the children so that the stay-at-home parent can have some time to relax.
Kamehameha Day is held on June 11 each year. Kamehameha the Great was the monarch(君主) of Hawaii. He is famous and respected for establishing(建立) the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810. Kamehameha Day is a public holiday in Hawaii, and this is a day off for people. School and most businesses are closed.
D-Day is celebrated in the U.S. to memorize the Normandy landings in France on June 6, 1944. On the day, American army and other Allied forces(盟军) fought hard and the World War Ⅱ(WWⅡ) in Europe was over soon. It is not a public holiday. Businesses have normal opening hours.
Flag Day is celebrated on June 14 each year to honor the United States flag. On the same day, the United States Army celebrates its birthday. Although Flag Day is a great celebration across the country, it is not a public holiday.
1. If you are a stay﹣at﹣home parent, what can you do to relax on PTCW Day?A.Take a day off. | B.Go to work earlier. |
C.Look after children. | D.Do some housework. |
A.PTCW Day. | B.Kamehameha Day. |
C.D﹣Day. | D.Flag Day. |
A.On June 6. | B.On June 11. |
C.On June 14. | D.On June 25. |
A.It is celebrated in France. | B.The WWⅡ ended before 1944. |
C.Businesses are closed for it. | D.The Normandy landings happened in 1944. |
【推荐2】Students at Monument High School are participating in a unique activity called the Independent Project. The program is an “alternative” school that’s completely run by students—no teachers, parents, or adults are allowed—and they’re in charge of deciding their entire courses. What these teens study in the classroom and their homework are all entirely up to them.
Students aren’t taking this lightly—instead of reacting irresponsibly to the freedom to design their own studies, they’re eagerly grasping their own interests by writing poetry collections, learning instruments and taking flight lessons.
“I think the more choices we have in our schools, the more students we will help develop into the kind of citizens that we need,” Principal Marianne Young explains. “And that it’s okay for you to need a little bit of a different approach from mine.”
The only structure to the program is this: On Mondays students come up with questions that interest them about one of their school subjects, and then they spend the rest of the week researching and coming up with potential conclusions to these inquiries. On Fridays, they present this information to their classmates.
Teens express their satisfaction with the program because it accommodates different kinds of learners, even those who don’t always succeed in a traditional academic sense.
“I have dyslexia(阅读障碍), so it’s very hard for me to read, write and do those sorts of things. School has always been a big problem for me,” one student named Sergio explains. “If not for this program, I don’t know if I’d be graduating—I don’t know where I’d be right now. I think this has really been my savior and got me through the last two years of high school.”
1. What can we know about the Independent Project?A.Normal school courses are a must. | B.There’re no teachers involved in it. |
C.It aims to help students with math. | D.Students must study courses at home. |
A.more course choices will benefit top students |
B.teachers play a key role in students’ education |
C.different learning styles should be encouraged |
D.knowledge can be better gained by discussions |
A.Approving. | B.Cautious. | C.Doubtful. | D.Critical. |
A.The structure of a learning program. | B.The benefits of interactive learning. |
C.An unusual educational program. | D.The differences in individual learning. |
【推荐3】Art therapy(治疗)involves the use of creative techniques such as drawing, painting, coloring, or sculpting to help people express themselves artistically and examine the psychological and emotional undertones. With the guidance of an art therapist, clients car "decode" the nonverbal messages in these art forms, which lead to a better understanding of their feelings and behavior so they can resolve deeper issues.
Art therapy helps people explore their emotions, relieve stress. improve symptoms of anxiety and depression, and cope with a physical illness or disability. No artistic talent is necessary for art therapy to succeed, because the therapeutic process is not about the artistic value of the work, but rather about finding associations between the creative choices made and a client's inner life. The artwork can be used as a springboard for reawakening memories and telling stories that may reveal messages and beliefs from the unconscious mind
As with any form of therapy, your first session will consist of your talking to the therapist about why you want to find help and learning what the therapist has to offer Together, you will come up with a treatment plan that involves creating some form of artwork. Once you begin creating, the therapist may, at times, simply observe your process as you work, without interrupting. When you have finished a piece of artwork—and sometimes while you are still working on it-the therapist will ask you questions of how you feel about the artistic process, what is easy or difficult about creating your artwork, and what thoughts or memories you might have had while you are working. Generally, the therapist will ask about your experience and feelings before providing any observations.
Art therapy is founded on the belief that self-expression through artistic creation has therapeutic value for those who are healing or seeking deeper understanding of themselves and their personalities. Art therapists are trained to understand the roles that various art media like color can play in the therapeutic process and how these tools can help reveal one's thoughts, feelings, and psychological disposition.
1. What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?A.To teach people to be art therapists. |
B.To explain the origin of art therapy. |
C.To praise the devotion of therapists. |
D.To popularize knowledge of art therapy. |
A.The style of the work. | B.The emotions of the client. |
C.The memories of the client. | D.The artistic value of the work. |
A.The client's questions. | B.The client's explanations. |
C.The therapist's feelings | D.The length of the artistic process. |
A.Little training is needed to become an art therapist. |
B.Choices of art elements reflect people's inner world. |
C.Art therapists need to have strong belief in themselves. |
D.Clients are required to use different tools to show themselves. |