As a student at a medical school, Sam thinks poetry is a big part of his life, thanks to his new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor’s education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet.
“Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. If we do anything when we’ re with our patients, we’re really immersed in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that’s what a poem does, ” he said.
Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To end that, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents. He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap.
Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, “I think there’s no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does. And I think that is because there’s just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest moments. ” Not everyone believes that’s what doctors should do, though.
Rafael said, “I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it’s happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn’t survived the cancer. Don’t wve still have a role as healers there?”
In a poem titled “Health”, Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.
1. What does the underlined word “immersed” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Committed. | B．Forced. | C．Persuaded. | D．Absorbed. |
| A．It has nothing to do with doctors. |
| B．It is mostly produced by doctors. |
| C．It contributes to medical work. |
| D．It keeps doctors away from patients. |
| A．Capable and responsible. |
| B．Gifted but overconfident. |
| C．Honest and modest. |
| D．Cold but respected. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Two traveling angels(天使) stop to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the guest room. Instead the angels were given a space in the cold basement. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied, “Things aren’t always what they seem.”
The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor but very hospitable(好客的) farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had, the couple let the angels sleep in their bed where they could have a good night’s rest. When the sun came up the next morning, the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, whose milk had been their only income, lay dead in the field.
The younger angel was very angry and asked the older angel, “How could this happen? Why didn’t you watch out for the cow? The first man had everything, yet you watched over his house,” she accused. “The second family had little but was willing to share everything, and you didn’t help.”
“Things aren’t always what they seem,” the older angel replied. “When we stayed in the basement, I noticed there was gold stored in that hole in the wall. Since the owner was so greedy and unwilling to share his good fortune, I asked God if I could seal(封口) the wall so he couldn’t find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmer’s bed, the angel of death came for his wife. I asked God if the angel could take the cow instead. Things aren’t always what they seem.”
1. Why did the old angel repair the hole for the rich family?| A．Because the basement was too cold to stay in. |
| B．Because she wanted to save the gold for the poor. |
| C．Because she wanted to punish the greedy owner. |
| D．Because she believed that one should always be ready to offer help. |
| A．the poor couple | B．the rich couple |
| C．the guests | D．the angels |
| A．sometimes things are not what they seem |
| B．angels are always ready to help the poor |
| C．angels are always ready to help the rich |
| D．the young should always learn from the old |
【推荐2】In the spring of 2013, my wife and I opened Literati Bookstore in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Opening a community-minded independent bookstore was a dream we’d shared. We were in our late twenties, pursuing adream.
When opening day arrived, we unlocked the door and held our breath. One by one, people walked inside, paged through new books, and discussed favourite authors. The bookstore came alive.
That morning, I had set out a typewriter on our lower level for anyone to use. It was a community-building experiment: What if people could walk into a bookstore and type anything they wanted?
The first typewriter I ever fell in love with was my grandfather’s -a 1930s Smith Corona. My memory of him is limited to impressions: visits to his Florida apartment, beach picnics, and a fascinating black typewriter on his writing desk. One year, long after he passed, Grandma gave me his Smith Corona for Christmas. At the time, I was a struggling writer. Seeing his old typewriter again stirred something in me. His typewriter made writing fun again. And for the first time since his death, I felt connected to him, to a past I never really knew.
The typewriter I set out on opening day was a light blue Olivetti Lettera 32. I inserted a clean piece of paper and let it be: the world’s smallest publishing house, waiting for an author. One of the notes I found that first day was: Thank you for being here. I didn’t see the typer’s identity, so it appeared as though the typewriter itself was thanking me. Soon, more notes accumulated. Typewriting had become part of our bookstore’s identity.
Customers and friends began encouraging me to turn these notes into a book. At first, I was hesitant. But then I read through the piles of messy, typewritten pages again. Some made me tear up; many made me laugh out loud. They shouldn’t be locked inside my filing cabinet at home. Inside our store, surrounded by books that have been labored over by authors, editors, and marketers, there’s a way for people to publish directly into the world in permanent ink spelling errors and all.
1. Why did the author set out a typewriter in the bookstore?| A．To honour his grandfather. |
| B．To provide convenience to customers. |
| C．To offer people a way to express themselves. |
| D．To respond to community residents’ requirement. |
| A．Curious. | B．Amused. | C．Surprised. | D．Inspired. |
| A．There was a publishing house in the bookstore. |
| B．The bookstore was famous for its unique typewriter. |
| C．The typewritten notes were full of spelling errors. |
| D．The author would publish a book consisting of those notes. |
| A．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. |
| B．Everyone can be a writer of his own life. |
| C．It only takes a typewriter to be an author. |
| D．Books are the ever-burning lamps of accumulated wisdom. |
【推荐3】Spirituality
Spirituality means different things to different people and there is no one way of exploring or expressing it, but it is a basic human need to search for meaning. For many people, spirituality and religion are synonymous(同义的), but others primarily pursue knowledge rather than faith, like Socrates or Einstein, and they explore and express spirituality through questioning and inquiry. In that way, philosophy and science rather than faith can be the means whereby we explore the “big question”. Spirituality relates to how we find meaning and purpose and how we understand our place on the planet and within the universe.
Spirituality, in the broad sense, impacts upon stress and mental health, lifestyle choices, relationships and our coping ability. Here we are to explore the relationships between spirituality, meaning and health, and how we can make spirituality an integrated element of our daily life.
The search for meaning is hard to measure but being able to make meaning of life, and especially of adversity, can be enormously beneficial to mental health when we are coping with major life events. As Carl Jung said, “The lack of meaning in life is a soul-sickness whose full extent and full import our age has not yet begun to comprehend.”
| A．An active search for meaning is a vital part of what makes us human. |
| B．No studies showed an increased risk of suicide for churchgoers. |
| C．There are many reasons why people are protected against various problems. |
| D．As individuals, the search for meaning helps to keep us healthy. |
| E．This exploration aims to be relevant to each person’s personal and cultural background. |
| F．Others find meaning through creativity, relationships, environmentalism and social justice. |
【推荐1】Dr. Sara McLin thought she made the right choice by going to an in-network emergency room near her Florida home after her 4-year-old burned his hand on a stove last Memorial Day weekend.
Her family is insured through her husband’s employer, HCA Healthcare, a Nashville-based health system that operates more hospitals than any other system in the nation. So McLin knew that a nearby stand-alone emergency room, HCA Florida Lutz Emergency, would be in their plan’s provider network.
But McLin said a doctor there told her she couldn’t treat her son, Keeling, because he had second- and third-degree burns that needed a higher level of care. The doctor referred them to the burn center at HCA Florida Blake Hospital, about a 90-minute drive away.
McLin, who is a dentist, said the doctor told her the stand-alone ER would not charge for the visit because they did not provide treatment.
“I don’t remember exactly how she phrased it, but something along the lines of--we won’t even call this a visit, because we can’t do anything. ” McLin said.
At Blake Hospital, a doctor diagnosed Keeling with a second-degree burn, bandaged his hand, and sent them home with instructions on how to care for the wound.
“I didn’t think anything more of it. ” McLin said.
Then the bills came.
Total Bill: For the emergency room visit, Envision Physician Services billed $829 to insurance and about $72 to the family. HCA Florida Trinity Hospital billed Keeling about $129, noting it had applied an “uninsured discount”. A list showed the original charge had been nearly $1, 509 before adjustments and discounts.
She said she called her insurer, United Healthcare, and a representative told her not to pay the bill.
After being contacted by KHN, Aliese Polk, an Envision spokesperson, said in an email that Envision would give up the debt, apologizing to Keeling’s family “for the misunderstanding. ”
1. What does Paragraph 3 focus on?| A．A doctor’s suggestion. | B．Mclin’s anxiety. |
| C．Treatment to Mclin’s son. | D．The location of Bcahe hospital. |
| A．Fee from insurance service. |
| B．Original charge from hospital bill. |
| C．Family fee from insurance service. |
| D．A share from insurance and discounts from hospital bill. |
| A．The doctor at the emergency room healed Keeling’s burn. |
| B．Alises Polk’s dealing with the bill can be satisfying to Mclin’s family. |
| C．The doctor at Blake Hospital was impatient, treating Mclin’s lovely son. |
| D．Mclin’s little son was burned on a stove but the hospital simply refused him. |
| A．A treatment accident. | B．A scientific report. |
| C．A medical bill. | D．An interview report. |
【推荐2】Have you ever sat in a hospital bed with the doctors around talking about you as though you didn’t exist? Research into patients’ view of healthcare has shown that this is common. This behaviour gets to the root of how patients evaluate the quality of care they receive.
While doctors like to focus on treatment outcomes, this isn’t how the public assesses whether their doctor is good. Research has consistently shown that most patients evaluate their experiences on how polite the doctor was, not on the actual quality of medicine practised.
My mum, for example, recently started losing her sight. She went for an urgent appointment with an eye specialist at her local NHS hospital. When I telephoned her that evening to see how it went, she replied: “Oh, they were all so lovely and kind.” In fact, the clinic was running late and she’d had to wait an hour to see the nurse, and three hours to see the consultant. From a medical perspective, the consultation clearly hadn’t been a success. While they’d ruled out emergency causes for her sight loss, they hadn’t really got to the bottom of the problem. She was now back at home, still unable to see properly and with no idea if she was going to go permanently blind. But what mattered to her was that a nurse had met her at the door and helped her to her seat. One of the nurses offered to get my mum a sandwich when lunch came. The consultant listened to her as she explained what had happened. They’d asked about how the loss of sight had impacted on her life and the clinic nurse had asked to see photographs of my new nephew. My mum felt she had received good care simply because the doctors and nurses had listened to her.
Patients don’t evaluate the actual medicine; it’s the communication skills of the doctor that determine how they evaluate the care. If doctors listened to their patients, that means we can improve the NHS without spending money.
1. What is the common opinion of patients according to the research?| A．They like the quality of their medical care. |
| B．They can’t communicate with the doctors. |
| C．They’re informed of the treatment results. |
| D．They can understand their doctors well. |
| A．They stayed late to find the cause. |
| B．They cured her of her loss of sight. |
| C．They reacted slowly to her condition. |
| D．They showed great concern for her. |
| A．How well doctors communicate with them. |
| B．Whether their relatives care about them. |
| C．How much they can save when in hospital. |
| D．Whether they can be cured of the disease. |
| A．Doctors Need Training to Be Good Communicators |
| B．Medical Care Can Be Improved Without Money |
| C．Good Medical Care Needs Patient Communication |
| D．Research Is Carried out About Better Medical Care |
【推荐3】NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge. Her most deadly weapons — bacteria, viruses, and parasites (寄生虫) —claim millions of lives every year.
But thanks to the hard work of great scientists, mankind could turn nature against itself. And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.
Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Ōmura for discovering avermectin (阿维菌素), a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis (象皮病). Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin, a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
Ōmura is a microbiologist by training. He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds (化合物) that work against harmful microbes (微生物). Campbell, working in the US, took bacteria found by Ōmura and took out avermectin, which is effective against parasites in farm animals. An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans, which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants. Its discovery was the result of Project 523, a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites, which attack red blood cells, causing fever, and sometimes, brain damage and death. Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. It was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000. Similarly, river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. These days, doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth. All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell, Ōmura and Tu helped to discover.
1. The drug Tu Youyou developed, artemisinin, has proven effective in treating ______.| A．river blindness |
| B．malaria |
| C．lymphatic filariasis |
| D．infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria |
| A．bacteria | B．plants | C．farm animals | D．ocean animals |
| A．It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin. |
| B．Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures. |
| C．Artemisinin has saved millions of people’s lives since its discovery. |
| D．Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad. |
【推荐1】The world feels like it’s being set alight. Wildfires in Canada and Europe, floods in China, and a never-ending stream of record-breaking heat waves have constantly dominated newspaper headlines. The feeling that time is quickly running out is very real. But that feeling is a barrier to action — nothing has changed when we’ve called for action before, so considering the seemingly limited time window.
Our past efforts tell us there is a chance. The world has solved large environmental problems that seemed impossible to overcome at the time. An eye-opening example is acid rain. Studying how the world dealt with this geopolitically divisive problem can give us some inspiration on how we can address climate change today.
It has mostly slipped from the public conversation, but acid rain was the leading environmental problem of the 1990s. Caused by sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫), it dissolved old sculptures, stripped forests of their leaves, and polluted rivers and lakes. Emissions from the UK would blow over to Sweden and Norway; emissions from the US would blow over to Canada. This is a classic game theory problem; outcomes don’t only depend on the actions of one country but those of the others too. Eventually, government officials had to sign international agreements, place emissions limits on power plants and start to reduce coal burning. Interventions were incredibly effective. In Europe, sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 84 percent and in the US by 90 percent.
Surely climate change is not the perfect parallel for the environmental problems we’ve solved before. It will be harder. It will involve every country, rich and poor. But change is happening. To accelerate action, we need to have the expectation that things can move faster. Past lessons tell us that these expectations are not unrealistic.
1. How does the sense of urgency affect attitudes to climate change?| A．It discourages team work. |
| B．It fuels doubts about efforts. |
| C．It arouses fear for disasters. |
| D．It weakens trust in newspapers. |
| A．To analyze the causes of present challenges. |
| B．To boost public confidence in the government. |
| C．To highlight acid rain’s environmental damage. |
| D．To offer insights into handling climate change. |
| A．The seriousness of the pollution. |
| B．Unequal shares of responsibility. |
| C．Seeking international cooperation. |
| D．Reducing sulfur dioxide emissions. |
| A．Unsatisfied. |
| B．Dismissive. |
| C．Optimistic. |
| D．Approving. |
In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important firm leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size.
In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.
In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion.
Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.
| A．How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? |
| B．Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals. |
| C．More haste, less speed, which in the study proves wrong. |
| D．Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. |
| E．They valued efficiency rather than consideration. |
| F．They encouraged new ways of thinking. |
【推荐3】Richard Branson has had great global success. He is best known as the founder of Virgin Group, which consists of more than 400 companies.
So what, I asked, is his most important secret to success? His answer was simple: Look for the best in other people. Throughout his life he's never thought ill of other people. He looks for the best and praises them. Branson at time seems almost not human. He's too good at what he does. No, great, Nearly perfect. When he starts something, he is very likely to succeed. He has fallen out with others though, like anyone else. He is only human. He told me, "Life is short and the world is much smaller than one realizes. You are going to come across people time and time again in the most surprising places. As a leader it's even more important to be out there praising and encouraging people. If you do fall out with somebody in life, even if you think it was their mistake, give them a call. Befriend them. Go out to lunch with them."
The greatest leaders in the world have taught forgiveness. Perhaps the most extreme example is Nelson Mandela, who invited his former prison guard to his inauguration(就职典礼)and even had lunch with a man who in the past wanted him to be sentenced to death.
Life is too short. We are humans and sometimes we make mistakes and anger people. What defines us is not those who are able to avoid confrontation(对抗), but those who are able to deal with it. The human body is able to self-heal(自愈)when we are cut. In that same manner, we must heal our past relationships.
Branson wins respect from those around him. A natural-born leader, he is always deep in thought and hungry for more; always one step ahead. And it was Richard Branson who taught me about forgiveness.
1. Richard Branson's success lies in his .| A．of forts | B．generosity |
| C．judgement | D．determination |
| A．he suffered a lot in prison |
| B．he was one of the greatest leaders |
| C．the power of forgiveness is really magical |
| D．great people set a good example of forgiveness |
| A．live in peace with others | B．be respected by our enemies |
| C．make a difference to others | D．make as few mistakes as possible |
| A．The key to success | B．What is forgiveness? |
| C．Invite your enemies to lunch | D．Richard Branson's success story |
