As a volunteer, John Apollos is losing weight - the old-fashioned way - by eating less. Apollos has lowered his daily caloric intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted away. But that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only three-quarters of what they used to. The researchers are trying to determine whether restricting food intake can slow the ageing process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing.”
The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet decades of calorie-restriction studies involving organisms ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have shown just that. Last July a long-term study led by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, found that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of humanlike rhesus monkeys (恒河猴) as well. The hungry monkeys suffered from diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed fellows did.
Scientists have suspected that calorie restriction could extend the life span of animals since at least1935, when researchers at Cornell University noticed that severely food-restricted lab rats lived twice as long as normal ones and were healthier. Other investigators began exploring the idea and learned that the secret is not merely a matter of body weight.
One theory is that a state of slight hunger acts as a mild but constant stressor that makes an organism stronger and more resistant to the ills of ageing. Taking in fewer calories also slows metabolism (新陈代谢), and some data indicate that humans with a slower metabolism live longer. But even if these theories are correct, simply defining the mechanism is not the same as identifying the molecular pathways behind it. If researchers could determine those pathways, they might be able to pharmacologically mimic (模仿) the effect of calorie restriction. That could be the ultimate benefit of the CALORIE study. “Calorie restriction is pretty much the only thing out there that we know will not just prevent disease but also extend maximal lifespan,” says Dr. Marc Hellerstein, a nutritionist at the University of California.
1. The purpose of keeping diet for John Apollos and other participants is to ________.A.lose weight in order to keep slim |
B.prove how long people can survive if they lack food |
C.prove if eating less food can extend life span and keep young |
D.just keep a good mood and live a healthier life |
A.Unconventional. | B.Incorrect. |
C.Comprehensible. | D.Meaningless. |
A.people who are thin can survive longer than those who aren’t |
B.effective calorie restriction makes us healthier and live longer |
C.keeping diet cannot help people keep fit or live longer |
D.a state of hunger is beneficial for our health |
A.People should be slim in order to live longer. |
B.Keeping calorie restriction effectively makes one live longer. |
C.Eating too much is really harmful to our health. |
D.People should form a good diet habit in daily life. |
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【推荐1】The idea that you can use humour, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humour, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humour, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you,and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile,even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play,and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling.
Anyway, adding humour, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humour, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.
1. What can laughter increase according to the author?A.Cognitive ability. |
B.Good relationships and happiness. |
C.A sense of humour. |
D.Illness. |
A.They should have a good rest. |
B.They should play like children. |
C.They should prevent cognitive falling. |
D.They should take part in physical play. |
A.Humour, Laughter and Play for Health |
B.Always Keep Our Body Healthy |
C.Have an Active and Happy Life |
D.Let Our Body and Mind Relax |
A.Playing an important role. |
B.Keeping people in high spirits. |
C.Quickly influencing other people. |
D.Preventing illness from spreading. |
【推荐2】Best Way to Lose Weight-Dieting Tips
How do you eat right to lose weight fast? You’ll discover there are a great number of weight loss diets which promise to help you drop the pounds fast.
Many weight loss diets are aimed at losing weight fast, but aren’t necessarily healthy and won’t create a long-term change for the better.
If you just need to shake a few pounds off in a short time, your plan won’t be the same as one to lose weight in the long term. The best short-term weight loss plan will be stronger than the best long-term weight loss plan, but both of them shouldn’t get rid of necessary nutrition.
A.But do they really work? |
B.Once you start your plan, you shouldn’t stop. |
C.In fact many people feel it hard to lose weight. |
D.Besides, you also should pay attention to when you eat. |
E.The best way to lose weight should be useful in the long term. |
F.While this may help some people, there is no plan that is perfect for all. |
G.If you try to make yourself hungry, you won’t achieve long-term results. |
【推荐3】A healthy eating habit along with enough exercise can help you keep healthy. When you are young, it is important to give your body what it needs. If you skip meals, you can’t get enough calories (卡路里). And then you may feel tired. By the way, the calorie is just another word for energy. About 50% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water, 6 to 8 glasses a day. Drinking enough water can make your body work better and make you healthy.
Exercise can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Scientists say that kids should spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week. It is easy to do! You can walk or ride your bike to school, and play sports at school. However, kids often give up sports, saying they have no time left after finishing their homework. In fact, doing exercise can help them sleep better and do better in their lessons.
If you follow the advice above, you will look and feel much better and become healthy.
1. The underlined word “skip” means “________” in Chinese.A.询问 | B.跳过 | C.阻止 | D.转移 |
A.30 | B.50 | C.100 | D.150 |
A.Because they are too lazy to exercise. | B.Because they feel great after giving up sports. |
C.Because they are busy with their studies. | D.Because they don’t like playing sports at all. |
A.About 80% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. |
B.You need to drink three or four glasses of water every day to keep healthy. |
C.Students should exercise at least twice a week to keep healthy and happy. |
D.Doing exercise can help kids sleep better and do better in their lessons. |
A.How to Sleep Well | B.How to Exercise |
C.How to Look Thinner | D.How to Keep Healthy |
【推荐1】A monsoon(季风)refers to a seasonal shift in the atmospheric circulation because of irregular heating of the sea and the land. For the most part, the term is used to describe the rainy period of a season. However, there is also a dry period associated with the term. Half of the world’s population live in areas affected by Asian monsoons, but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.
Every summer, moist(潮湿的)air masses, known as monsoon, produce large quantities of rainfall in India, East Asia, Indonesia, Northern Australia and East Africa, which are pulled in by a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south.
According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area date back to 1950, too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years travelling across Asia searching for trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings(年轮)or circles, inside the trunks of thousands of ancient trees at more than 300 sites.
Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document — a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas(地图集). It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.
Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry conditions. “If the monsoon basically fails or is very weak one year, the trees affected by the monsoon at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the tree chronology(年表)that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability. ” Armed with such a sweeping set of data, researchers say they now can begin to refine(提炼)climate computer models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.
“There has been widespread starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding,” said Eugene Wahl, a scientist who is with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s paleoclimate(古气候)branch studying weather patterns over the history of the Earth. “So, to get a knowledge of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.”
1. What’s the passage mainly about?A.The achievements of Edward Cook. | B.The necessity of weather forecast. |
C.A breakthrough in monsoon prediction. | D.The effects of Asian monsoons. |
A.it is hard to keep long-term climate records |
B.they are formed under complex climate systems |
C.they influence many nations |
D.there is heavy rainfall in Asia |
A.offer people information about the regional climate |
B.have a great influence on the regional climate |
C.determine the regional climate |
D.reflect all kinds of regional climate information |
A.It will help people prevent droughts and floods. |
B.It should include information about human life in the past. |
C.It has analyzed moisture models worldwide. |
D.It is a great achievement in climate science. |
【推荐2】Atmospheric rivers are long, narrow bands of moisture in the atmosphere. These rivers in the sky can transport 15 times the volume of the Mississippi River. When that moisture reaches the coast and moves inland, it rises over the mountains, bringing rain and snow. Many fire-weary people welcome the water, but atmospheric rivers can cause other disasters, such as extreme flooding and debris flows.
On Feb. 27, 2019, an atmospheric river occurred. Just north of San Francisco Bay, in Sonoma County’s famed wine country, the storm brought over 21 inches of rain. For the fifth time in four decades, the town of Guerneville was flooded. Damages in the town alone were estimated at more than $100 million.
Events like these have drawn attention in recent years, but atmospheric rivers are not new. They have run through the sky for millions of years. And researchers have known for some time that flooding due to atmospheric rivers could cost a lot of money, but until our study no one had quantified these damages.
We found that atmospheric rivers caused an average of $1.1 billion in flood damages yearly in the western U.S. More than 80 percent of all flooding damages in the West in the years we studied were associated with atmospheric rivers. In some areas, such as coastal northern California, these systems caused more than 99 percent of damages.
And several published studies have modeled how atmospheric rivers will change in the coming decades. The process is simple: Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, warming the planet. This causes more water to evaporate from oceans and lakes, and increased moisture in the air makes storm systems grow stronger. Like hurricanes, atmospheric rivers are projected to grow longer, wider and wetter in a warming climate.
Therefore, I believe that improving atmospheric forecasting systems should be a priority for adapting to a changing climate. Better understanding of atmospheric rivers can provide valuable information to residents and emergency responders. It also is important to discourage new construction in high-risk areas and help people move to safer locations after major disasters, rather than rebuilding in place. Finally, our study underlines the need to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, with which these storms will keep coming, and getting stronger.
1. What do we know about atmospheric rivers?A.They caused great damage on the earth. |
B.They are actually associated with hurricanes. |
C.They are necessary water resources of the earth. |
D.There will be less of them in the coming decades. |
A.It is difficult to forecast the atmospheric rivers. |
B.We should learn to adapt to the damage of atmospheric rivers. |
C.Greenhouse gas emissions contribute to the damage of atmospheric river. |
D.We should encourage people to build strong enough houses in high-risk areas. |
A.The biggest rivers on the earth |
B.How to stop atmospheric rivers |
C.The origin of atmospheric rivers |
D.Atmospheric rivers: cause of damages |
【推荐3】A little battery puts out a little bit of electricity, so you can use it safely for your experiments. But the electricity that comes through the wires in your house or school is much more powerful.
Inside the walls where you live or study, there are big wires that carry electricity. When you plug in a light or radio or other electrical appliance, you are putting the light or radio in the path way of the electricity. You have heard adults warn, “
What if you held a piece of metal, like a fork or knife, and stuck it into the wall plug? Don't do it. Why? It's because metals also conduct electricity.
Don't touch any electrical appliance when you are wet. Can you think why? It's because water is a good conductor of electricity. When your hands are wet or when your body is in a bathtub full of water, the electricity could flow right through you and give you an awful shock, or even kill you.
Electricity is very useful, but it can be dangerous.
A.Life is precious! |
B.So stay away from wires. |
C.Be careful, be safe and be smart. |
D.And you would get a terrible shock! |
E.Don't stick your finger into the wall plug. |
F.Therefore, keep in mind some safety rules. |
G.Your body is a pretty good conductor of electricity. |
【推荐1】Kids’ lives should be filled with fun and excitement. Every parent wants their child to be able to look back on their childhood with memories filled with good times and humor. One of the ways to keep these memories is with pset of kids bunk beds.
For one thing , both children and parents get into the excitement of new bedroom furniture. For parents up the necessary money to buy something special themselves because new beds mean that they are “growing up.
Use the shopping experience as a means of starting to teach your children economics. For example, explain to them that you have X amount of money to spend on the new beds. It may not mean much to the kids now, but it will plant a seed (种子)that money play an important role in buying things.
Another learning method that can be employed for buying kids bunk beds is to have them reach certain goals. Explain to your children that they are growing up and therefore need “big kids” beds. However, you have to be sure they are really grown up enough for the new beds! Give them some goals to achieve that are age proper. Some examples would be to take the rubbish out every day without being told, read one or two books and be able to tell you what they were about, be able to say the ABC's or count to 10. This will give your children a sense of achievement and ownership of their new beds.
Getting kids bunk beds with a desk will also improve good learning habits. Have your children sit at the desk to do their drawing or coloring;this will improve the habit of doing homework at the desk.
Help your children learn and have fun with their new kids bunk beds!
1. How many advantages about kids bunk beds are referred to in the text?A.Two. | B.Three. |
C.four. | D.Five. |
A.To help children learn about money spending. |
B.To show children parents have lots of money. |
C.To make children know money in everything. |
D.To teach children to save their own money. |
A.give some opinions | B.reach some goals |
C.obey some rules | D.follow some examples |
A.How to buy a kids bunk bed |
B.How to make your children special |
C.Giving your children a sense of achievement |
D.learning while having fun with kids bunk beds |
【推荐2】Sunday Bakeshop in Oakland, California, makes foods that mix American and Asian cultures. The restaurant makes foods that are cooked or baked in an oven. Many of them are sweet. For example, the shop sells something called a dim sum cookie. It looks like a sugar cookie but has sesame (芝麻) seeds on top and sweetened red beans inside. Dim sum is a word for Cantonese foods from southern China.
The dim sum cookie is Elaine Lau’s way of honoring her grandmother who would make a kind of food that had a similar taste. Lau’s restaurant also makes Chinese White Rabbit candy cookies. Those sweets would not be found in any bakery in Asia but are a mixture of Asian and Western foods. Lau said she speaks to Asian Americans and others at her store. She said: “We get a lot of comments, for example, ‘The cookies are just like little lovely kitties and puppies.’ ‘Oh this took me back to several years ago when I was growing up.’” She added that it was nice to create good memories and feelings with her pastries (糕点).
Bakeries that combine the feeling of growing-up Asians and Americans have been opening up more often in recent years. Traditional Asian ingredients are being mixed with European or American pastries into something new. The creations are a way for young Asian Americans to celebrate their identity.
“Older traditional Asian bakeries make foods that immigrants miss from their home country. The new bakeries celebrate Asian culture and are part of a natural progression,” said Robert Ku, who is an Asian American studies professor at Binghamton University in New York state. He also wrote the book Dubious Gastronomy: The Cultural Politics of Eating Asian in the USA.
“The bakers are showing that their foods, which mix cultures, are just as American as apple pie. It’s sort of the artistic side of Asian American identity that’s often ignored,” Ku said. “They’re instead really trying to fuse things together.”
1. What does Lau think of her work?A.Tiring. | B.Demanding. | C.Confusing. | D.Rewarding. |
A.Create a new way of showing their identities. |
B.Celebrate the Asian culture in foreign countries. |
C.Remind the immigrants of their hometown flavor. |
D.Introduce young Asian Americans to new culture. |
A.Combine. | B.Improve. | C.Invent. | D.Consume. |
A.Asian American Cookies Become American's Favorite Food |
B.Varieties of New Asian Foods Are Created by American Cooks |
C.Asian American Bakeries Mix Together Cultures to Create New Foods |
D.Traditional Asian Food Becomes Popular with American Young People |
【推荐3】Different countries have different tipping customs. When you travel, you need to know how to tip in the country that you’re in; otherwise you’ll leave servers angry everywhere you go.Here are just a few guidelines to tipping around the world.
BrazilThere will always be a standard 10% service charge added to your bill, and you won’t necessarily have to tip. If you do feel like being generous, an extra 5-10% will really make your server very happy. Just remember to do this as skillfully as possible—Brazilians don’t make a big show of this.
DubaiIn Dubai it’s a rule for restaurants to charge 10% tip on all restaurant and bar bills. You can add a couple of dirhams(迪拉姆,货币单位)to this if you feel like it. Waiters are not paid very much in Dubai, so it is always very appreciated.
GermanyGerman bars and restaurants will include the tip as part of what you owe, but that’s not all you have to pay. It is a custom to round the bill up after that, usually to the euro. This can be anywhere from 5-10%. When it’s time to settle up, you won’t get a bill: your waiter tells you the total and then you tell them how much you want to pay, including your “tip”, and hand over the money.
Czech RepublicWhile locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips, that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook.Foreign tourists are definitely expected to leave some kind of tip for service—as long as you’re in a high tourist traffic area, like Prague for instance. The standard tip is 10%.
IndiaIf you like the service, go ahead and tip your server 5-10%. You have to adjust that amount though, based on how big the meal you’re eating is. If the bill is for a small meal, and totals less than 300 rupees, tip the full 10%. If the bill is higher, tip towards the 5%.
1. In which country do customers have to tip at least 10% for the service?A.Dubai | B.India |
C.Germany | D.Czech Republic |
A.Dubai | B.Germany |
C.India | D.Czech Republic |
A.10 | B.80 |
C.120 | D.200 |