Most new runners assume that the best way to improve is simply to run greater and greater distances. While it’s true that going farther and faster will improve your running skills, most coaches and trainers will advise some level of strength training as well. Focusing on your core (核心) is a common suggestion. A recent study seems to back this up. In the Journal of Biomechanics, researchers investigated a symptom that has long confused runners from beginners to experienced ones. A good number of runners, 14 percent to be exact, experience gradual lower back pain. The results of the new study seem to suggest that weak deep core muscles might be to blame. When these muscles aren’t strong enough, the study found, muscles on other areas of the body kick in to keep the runner up-right, eventually leading to back pain.
To understand the role that these muscles play, the researchers had eight volunteers with minimal running experience run along an indoor track. High-speed cameras and 3D motion detectors analyzed which muscles moved, and how much. Once they created a working computer model for each runner, the scientists imitated what would happen if certain deep muscles were weaker, or shut off completely. As it turns out, when a person can’t use their deep core muscles very well, their bodies still want (and need) to maintain a good running form, and uses surface muscles to do so.
What’s wrong with that? A muscle is a muscle, right? Not exactly. While the surface muscles are often targeted in workouts - they give you a six-pack (六块腹肌), after all - they are pretty useless when it comes to supporting your spine (脊柱). The deeper core muscles, which essentially lie beneath and can’t be seen from the outside, do all the heavy spinal lifting.
It’s important to note that even when you’ve made these muscles super strong, you won’t likely notice visible results. But they will probably help you run better and definitely help prevent potential back pain. Perhaps throwing a nice long plank (平板支撑) may work.
1. Why do most new runners want to run farther and faster?A.Because they think it can improve running skills. |
B.Because some coaches and trainers advise them to do so. |
C.Because a recent study proves it to be helpful. |
D.Because it’s a kind of useful strength training. |
A.14 percent of the runners have weak muscles. |
B.The muscles on other areas lead to back pain. |
C.Strong deep core muscles can prevent back pain. |
D.The beginning runners usually have weak core muscles. |
A.A working computer model can be created. |
B.Certain deep muscles become weaker. |
C.Surface muscles are the most important for running. |
D.Deep core muscles probably function first. |
A.Why are core muscles so important when running? |
B.surface muscles play a role. |
C.Train the six-pack. |
D.Build Super strong muscles. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Success and Risk(风险) in Extreme Sports
What is it that drives some to take extreme risks,while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines?
Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling(天花板) that limits our interest for extreme risk. But others have a much greater interest for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that the great risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself. He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.
Psychologists note that some people seem to be crazy for adrenaline(肾上腺素) rushes as a behavior looking for excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook’s interest for risk appeared at a young age, “ was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down”. As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn to the challenge. “There are moments when you’re up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world.”
Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.” Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes’ view, they have a lot of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize(最小化) risk.”
Another understanding of risk may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many athletes become concentrated on the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what you’re doing,” Murphy says. “After it’s over, there’s great excitement.”
People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because that’s my skill level,” Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”
1. By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that .A.extreme athletes must learn special skills |
B.extreme athletes have chances to take risks. |
C.many people don’t want to do extreme sports. |
D.many people can’t limit desire for extreme sports. |
A.They put in lots of preparation for challenges. |
B.They are more fortunate than other sportspeople. |
C.They carry little risk when facing big challenges. |
D.They have special reasons that others can’t easily understand. |
A.Extreme athletes use techniques or skills that other people don’t use. |
B.Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports. |
C.Most people can’t concentrate on bigger risks. |
D.A certain state of mind makes people want to try something difficult. |
A.risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoid |
B.those who take risks will possibly be successful in life |
C.extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others |
D.taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think |
【推荐2】I’m sure we all know that exercise is great for our health.But sometimes finding that motivation(动力) to work out can be a little difficult.So, in this post, I’m going to share my top four reasons for working out.
Whenever I move to a new city to study or work, I look for exercise classes to do.You meet likeminded people, and you can support each other during a difficult workout.
Exercise makes you feel confident(自信的).
We all know the physical advantages of exercise on our bodies but we don’t always talk about the mental(心理的)ones.
Exercise helps to reduce stress(压力).
Going for a run can help you forget the problems and worries of daily life.
Finally, exercise makes us feel strong and healthy!
Every day, the 20 minutes in the gym get easier, the weights feel lighter and you feel a great sense of achievement.
So, next time you’re feeling down or stressed, put your trainers on and get some exercise.It might not be easy but I promise you’ll feel so much better once you’ve finished!
A.Exercising is sociable. |
B.Exercise can change your mind. |
C.During exams, I always spend an hour a day in the gym. |
D.When the class finishes, you all share a collective feeling of happiness! |
E.When you work out, your body produces something that makes you happy. |
F.It’s a great feeling doing something you couldn’t do before through hard work. |
G.Exercise might give you a feeling of confidence from being comfortable with your body. |
【推荐3】“Humans can develop certain abilities we aren’t born with by practicing animals’ movements,” the traditional Chinese Wushu lovers believed in the past — and still do today.
Chinese Five-Animal Exercises, also known as Wuqinxi, are the first complete set of qigong exercises following the movements of animals: monkeys, deer ( 鹿 ), birds, bears and tigers. They were created by one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history, Hua Tuo, more than 1,800 years ago.
The Five-Animal Exercises are well-designed to help blood circulation (循环), and let the energy go smoothly in the body so as to improve the health.
“ The bear movements are good for the stomach. The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back. The deer movements help reduce the fat around the waist (腰). The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.” said Hua Yi, the 59th inheritor (继承人) of Wuqinxi.
For those new learners, the first few exercises might not go well. You may find it hard to focus. Wear comfortable clothes, keep peaceful in your mind, try to move slowly... Little by little, you’ll feel more and more harmonious with nature. You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.
These exercises need no tools. You can search online for the videos and practice them at any time when you feel like relaxing your body and mind. Because it’s fun to practice and good for health, Five-Animal Exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China, but also in many other places of the world.
1. Why do people practice Five-Animal Exercises?A.To fight against enemies | B.To protect wild animals |
C.To improve the health | D.To make money |
A.the bear movements | B.the tiger movements |
C.the deer movements | D.the bird movements |
A.和谐的 | B.兴奋的 | C.敬畏的 | D.崇高的 |
A.It’s easy to learn Wuqinxi even for beginners. |
B.People should practice Wuqinxi on weekends. |
C.Wuqinxi is becoming worldwide famous. |
D.It’s difficult to learn Wuqinxi even for beginners. |
【推荐1】Sleep disorders and insufficient sleeping hours have become more distinct in recent years. Previous reports released last month showed that more than 38 percent of adults suffer from insomnia (失眠), with the rate climbing each year.
A new study surveyed more than 14,000 people across the country on their sleep and exercise habits.
People who own long-sitting lifestyles are more likely to suffer insomnia.
Long-term sleeping less than seven hours for most adults will increase the risk of sudden death by 26 percent.
A.Sound sleep at night is also closely linked to enough sport time. |
B.The reason is that their inactivity disturbs the biological clock. |
C.And the number of people who can't sleep well is increasing sharply. |
D.It indicated the obvious link between sleeping hours and the exercise habits. |
E.They also warned that more than 80 percent of teenagers do not get enough sleep. |
F.The teenagers who have sleeping problems perform worse than those who have good sleep. |
G.Enough good sleep at night is also closely linked to stronger immunity (免疫) against disease. |
【推荐2】Seamus Blackley is well known as the man who came up with the idea for the Xbox game system. But Mr.Blackley was a scientist long before he worked on video games. Most scientists always want to study everything in the world, and that’s true of Mr. Blackley, too.“I had been baking when I was a child and I picked it back up 10 years ago.” he said. Now Mr. Blackley calls himself a “bread nerd”, and what really interests him is yeast (酵母).
When many people think of bread yeast, they think of something you buy at the store. But yeast is tiny living things found just about everywhere.
Though yeast is animate, it isn’t always active.When there’s not enough food ( like sugar or flour ), yeast becomes dormant (休眠的). Basically, it dries out and goes to sleep. It can stay dormant for thousands of years.
Dormant yeast can be made active again with warmth. In April, Blackley made bread with yeast that someone told him was 5,200 years old. But when he realized he had no way of knowing how old the yeast really was, he decided to colleet his own ancient yeast.
To do this, he worked with two other scientists: Richard Bowman, who studies tiny forms of life, and Serena Love, who studies and teaches about ancient Egypt. Dr. Love was able to connect the scientists with 4,500-year-old Egyptian clay pots (陶土罐) at two museums in Boston.The team successfully collected yeast from the tiny holes in the clay pots.Mr.Bowman took most of the samples (样品) to do other tests. Mr. Blackley kept one sample. He wanted to test it in his own way by making bread.
Mr. Blackley worked carefully to get the dormant yeast active again. Then he made a piece of bread using the yeast.Mr.Blackley said the taste of the bread was “unbelievable” and anyone could tell the difference. But he was still not 100% sure whether he’d baked with 4,500-year-old yeast. It’s possible that some more recent yeast got in the clay pots.
1. What sort of man is Seamus Blackley?A.A man who’s outgoing. | B.A man who’s confident. |
C.A man with wide interests. | D.A man with a warm heart. |
A.Alive. | B.Popular. | C.Cheap. | D.Useful. |
A.To get a sample of yeast. | B.To learn tiny forms of life. |
C.To make the yeast active. | D.To make clay pots. |
A.He found the taste of the bread was wrong. |
B.He doubted the clay pots were not that old. |
C.He had done a terrible job in activating the yeast. |
D.He thought there might be recent yeast in the clay pots. |
【推荐3】There is no denying that some people live to be older than others. Followed are the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity (长寿)? Are there any kinds of personalities contributing to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at these questions by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
According to the study, those who live the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic(神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you I would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to Jong life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their way.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
1. The purpose of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is .A.to see whether people's personality affects their life span |
B.to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health |
C.to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life |
D.to examine all the factors contributing to longevity |
A.They have a good understanding of evolution. |
B.They are better at negotiating an agreement. |
C.They generally appear more resourceful. |
D.They are more likely to get over hardship. |
A.Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life. |
B.Advantageous personality characteristics actually vary with times. |
C.Such characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity. |
D.Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity. |
A.Anxiety and depression cut one's life span short. |
B.Longevity results from mental and physical health. |
C.Personality plays a decisive role in longevity. |
D.Health is in large part related to one's life style. |
【推荐1】Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form. Having a history of about 200 years, it is developed from many other drama forms, mostly from the local drama "Huiban". It was especially popular in south China during the 18th century.
Theatrical an forms in many other counties do not have singing, dancing and spoken parts together in one single drama. An opera singer, for example, neither dances nor speaks on stage; there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play; in a dance drama, the dancer doesn't speak or sing, Traditional Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind of entertainment. It includes spoken parts, singing and dancing.
Beijing Opera has spread to many other places. Mei Lanfang, one of the most famous performers of all, was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made lightly successful lours to foreign countries.
"You will doubt and sometimes be a little bored, but you will be interested gradually. You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera, even if you know nothing about the drama background." This is how one traveler described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera in Chin's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions. Welcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera!
1. Beijing Opera is ________.A.unpopular in north China | B.only developed from the local drama "Huiban" |
C.a much larger Chinese opera form | D.a Chinese traditional drama art form |
A.busy | B.nervous | C.interested | D.uneasy |
A.Beijing Opera | B.local dramas | C.an opera singer | D.a modern play |
A.Beijing Opera is a kind of entertainment. |
B.An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage usually. |
C.Only old people are interested in Beijing Opera. |
D.Mei Lanfang was the first one to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners. |
A.ask young people to learn Beijing Opera | B.tell us something about Beijing Opera |
C.show why Beijing Opera is popular in Europe | D.introduce everything about foreign Opera |
【推荐2】Climate change has been blamed for killer hurricanes,sea level rise,and drought,but a new report suggests the effects of climate change might hit the world's coffee supply. Up to 70 percent of the world's coffee supply could be threatened over the next 66 years,according to a new study by researchers at England's Royal Botanic Gardens.
Nearly 100 percent of the world's Arabica coffee growing regions could become unsuitable for the plant by 2080,according to the study. Beans from Arabica coffee plants account for about 70 percent of the world's coffee,but the plant also has to be grown under strict weather conditions: they grow well at temperatures between 64 and 70 degrees Celsius,and are highly influenced by frost or temperatures higher than 73 degrees Celsius.
With temperatures estimated to increase by between 1.8 and 4 degrees Celsius by the end of the century,the fragile plant might become increasingly expensive and difficult to grow,especially in places such as Ethiopia and Kenya. In that worst case,nearly all of the world's native Arabica coffee would die out. Under more conservative(保守的) estimates,about 65 percent of the regions used to grow the coffee would become unsuitable for it. The evidence from coffee farmers and coffee growing regions around the world is that they are already suffering from the influences of increased warming.
Some farmers would likely be able to move their operations to other areas or would be able to overcome climate change with artificial cooling techniques,but wild Arabica is generally considered to be much more suitable for making high-quality coffee.
If Arabica becomes impossible to raise in its native areas,it could do serious damage to the economies of the mainly third-world countries in which it grows. Coffee is the world's most popular drink and is the second most traded product in the world,behind oil.
1. What can be learned from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?A.According to the study,by 2080 nowhere can be suitable for Arabica coffee growing. |
B.65 percent of the world's coffee gets raw materials from Arabica coffee plants. |
C.Arabica coffee plants will grow well at temperatures lower than 60 degrees Celsius. |
D.Coffee farmers are the biggest victims of climate change. |
A.would make efforts to produce high-quality coffee |
B.would bring in artificial cooling techniques |
C.would tend to move to some warm places |
D.would grow more wild Arabica |
A.Coffee will replace oil to be the first most-traded commodity. |
B.Coffee is likely to become less popular than before. |
C.Some countries will suffer great economic losses. |
D.Farmers will plant other crops instead of coffee. |
【推荐3】In his lifetime La Tour must have been one of the most admired painters, who was on close terms with courts in Lorraine and Paris and became the King’s Painter to Louis XIII in 1639. However, not many of his works survived. These can be divided into his early “day pieces”, and the later “night pieces”. His sometimes direct realism and unflattering (不恭维的) presentation of the miserable subjects does not at all mean a sympathetic attitude to the socially disadvantaged of the day, on the contrary, issues of this kind were intended to amuse high society, who enjoyed decorating the walls of their homes with such melodramatic scenes. La Tour, affected by Caravaggio, painted various scenes of gambling. In Cheater with the Ace of Diamonds, an inexperienced, wealthy and well-dressed young man is being cheated at cards in the dishonest company of a courtesan (交际花) with her lover and a servant girl. Wine and the promise of love adventure have made the young dandy (好打扮的男人) so light-headed that he does not notice the apparent trick of an ace being drawn from his opponent’s belt.
Most of the paintings by La Tour we have at our disposal the art historians date after 1640. In these works La Tour is captivated with lightning effects which create sharp outlines. This fascination with light brought him great success in his day. However, he was completely forgotten after his death, only to be rediscovered in our own day. La Tour is an example of how artists can pass in and out of favor of the public.
1. Why did La Tour present the socially disadvantaged in his works?A.To show sympathy for them |
B.To amuse people of high society |
C.To show how miserable his subjects are |
D.To decorate the walls of rich people’s homes |
A.It shows a gambling scene |
B.It has lightning effects |
C.It bears no influence of other painters |
D.It is about love between a young man and a courtesan |
A.concerned | B.satisfied | C.connected | D.fascinated |
A.La Tour wasn’t admired in his day |
B.La Tour became The King’s Painter in 1639 |
C.La Tour didn’t always win favor of the public |
D.Most of La Tour’s works were created after 1640 |