No one would much like the idea of eating 61 pounds of tomatoes a day. But if their goodness was put into an easy-to-swallow pill that you were told might prevent strokes (中风) and heart attacks you would probably be putting in an order tomorrow.
Researchers believe they may have come up with just that after trials. The daily pill contains a chemical called lycopene which makes tomatoes red and is known to break down fat in the vessels (血管). A Cambridge University study found taking the pills improved blood flow and the lining of vessels in patients with preexisting heart conditions. It also increased the flexibility (灵活性) of their vessels by 50 percent. The scientists believe it could limit the damage caused by heart disease—responsible for 180,000 deaths a year—and help cut the 49,000 deaths a year from strokes. They also hope it could benefit those with arthritis (关节炎), diabetes (糖尿病) and even slow the progress of cancer.
Each pill is equal to eating around 61 pounds of ripe tomatoes. Studies have shown eating a Mediterraneanstyle diet rich in tomatoes, fish, vegetables, nuts and olive oil can significantly reduce cholesterol (胆固醇) and help prevent cardiovascular disease.
Preliminary results from a twomonth trial, in which the pill was given to 36 heart disease patients and 36 healthy volunteers with an average age of 67, were presented at a meeting of the American Heart Association. It was shown to improve the function of the endothelium—the layer of cells lining blood vessels. It also improved their sensitivity to nitric oxide, the gas which causes the enlargement of the vessels in response to exercise.
Ian Wilkinson, head of Cambridge University’s clinical trials unit, said, “These results are potentially very significant and it meets the goal, but we need more trials to see if they translate into fewer heart attacks and strokes.”
Further studies are planned, with researchers hoping it could offer a choice for heart disease sufferers who can not take the cholesterollowing drugs.
Mike Knapton, head of the British Heart Foundation, said, “Although this showed lycopene improved blood flow in people with heart disease, that's a long way from demonstrating that taking it could improve outcomes for people with heart disease. The best way to get the benefits of a good diet is to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.”
1. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?| A．We can eat too much tomato food. |
| B．Tomatoes are helpful to strokes and heart attacks. |
| C．Tomatoes will lose healthy elements if they are put into pills. |
| D．We had better not eat tomatoes. |
| A．are at the experiment stage |
| B．can cure all the disease |
| C．are widely used among patients |
| D．cost patients so little money |
| A．Children. | B．Youth. |
| C．Working people. | D．Old healthy people. |
| A．Disappointing. | B．Surprising. |
| C．Satisfactory. | D．Terrible. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Here’s an idea whose time has come: A flu shot that doesn’t require an actual shot.
For the first time, researchers have tested a flu vaccine patch(疫苗贴) in a human clinical(临床的) and found that it delivered as much protection as a traditional injection（注射）. Doctors and public health experts have high hopes that it will increase the number of people who get immunized(免疫的) against the flu.
Seasonal flu is responsible for up to half a million deaths around the world each year according to the World Health Organization. A team led by Georgia Tech engineer Mark Prausnitz has come up with an alternative method that uses “microneedles”. These tiny neddles on a patch are very small. Yet they’re big enough to hold vaccine for three types of flu.
None of the study volunteers had serious side effects. The group that got patches had mild skin reactions that were not seen in the regular needle group, while the volunteers in the regular needle group were more likely to experience pain. Overall, 70 percent of the volunteers who got vaccine patches said they’d rather use them again than get a traditional flu shot. The study authors declared it a success on all fronts.
The biggest beneficiaries(受益人) could be people in low- and middle- income countries, where flu vaccines are hard to come by. Reducing pain is nice, but other benefits—the patch costs less, is easier to transport, doesn’t reqire refrigeration, can be self-administered and doesn’t cause waste of needles- are even better.
“Microneedle patches have the potential to become ideal candidates for vaccination programs,” wrote Katja Hoschler and Maria Zambon of Public Health England.
1. What is the passage mainly about?| A．A vaccine patch that cures people of their flu. |
| B．A clinical study that protects people from disease. |
| C．A patch that makes flu shots a thing of the past. |
| D．A method that makes traditional flu shots painless. |
| A．It is prouduced by the WHO. | B．It causes slight side effect. |
| C．It delivers vaccine to the little finger. | D．It works badly on people. |
| A．it is provided free of charge | B．it can be used without a doctor |
| C．it can be kept at room temperature | D．it needs less care in transportation |
| A．Disappointed. | B．Favorable. |
| C．Concerned. | D．Unacceptable. |
【推荐2】When Tal Golesworthy was told he needed a lifesaving heart operation in 1993, he said no. Golesworthy has Marfan syndrome, a genetic condition affecting body tissues.
Back in 1993, his doctor told him that his aorta (主动脉) was so enlarged that it would unavoidably break unless he underwent a major surgery. “The operation really didn’t look attractive,” says Golesworthy. What he particularly didn’t like was having to take a medicine after the operation that would prevent blood clots (血栓) but presented its own risks. “I was riding motorbikes then, and skiing, so my whole lifestyle would have been affected.”
By 2000, however, his condition had worsened. Realizing something had to be done, Golesworthy put his years of experience as a research-and-development engineer with the United Kingdom’s National Coal Board to good use. He decided he would fix himself. “Learning new stuff and developing new ideas, that was my job,” Golesworthy says.
So Golesworthy spent 30 hours in an MRI scanner, used 3D printing to create a copy of his heart aorta, and wrapped it with a special material. Strong determination together with an original yet practical solution won him the support of two leading surgeons who helped him raise the money to develop his idea.
In May 2004, at the age of 47, he became the guinea pig for his own invention. The operation was a success. It has since been used by surgeons in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands. “When you’re as motivated as I was,” Golesworthy said, “you make things happen.”
1. Why did Golesworthy refuse to take the major operation?| A．Because the heart surgery was too risky. |
| B．Because his way of life would be influenced. |
| C．Because his aorta would break during the surgery. |
| D．Because he assumed that it would not save his life. |
| A．resolution and new ideas | B．motivation and magical power |
| C．curiosity and mental problems | D．optimism and practical lifestyle |
| A．An expert in medicine. | B．An animal with talents. |
| C．A subject for experiment. | D．A patient with a serious disease. |
| A．An engineer became a surgeon. | B．A patient invented an operation. |
| C．A patient never gave in to death. | D．An engineer helped fix his own heart. |
【推荐3】At the start of nearly every doctor’s visit, chances are you will be asked to step on a scale and get your weight measured for that day’s exam record. But many conversations around weight have become an obstacle, not a help, in the campaign to make people healthier.
Higher body masses are associated with increased risk for diseases like hypertension, diabetes and coronary disease. Many studies of hundreds of thousands of patients have shown that heavier people are at higher risk for these illnesses. But the big picture is not the whole picture. Researchers have identified a subset of obese people considered to be “metabolically healthy”—meaning they do not exhibit elevated blood pressure or the diabetes indicator called insulin resistance, for example. Although the numbers vary greatly depending on the study, the “metabolically healthy” population could account for anywhere from 6 to 75 percent of obese individuals.
One interesting report published in 2016 found that a higher body mass index (or BMI, the ratio of weight to height) “only moderately increased the risks for diabetes among healthy subjects” and that unhealthy thin people were twice as likely to get diabetes as healthy fat people. Clearly, there is more to the equation than weight.
Despite such findings, doctors routinely recommend dieting for weight loss as a means to “treat” poor health indicators such as high cholesterol and insomnia in fat patients. Virtually no diet works in the long term. The result: 95 to 98 percent of those who attempt to lose weight fail, and up to two thirds end up heavier than when they began. Spending years trapped in a cycle of losing weight, regaining it, then losing it again is associated with poorer health outcomes. It is time that doctors give up the scale-centric health care practice and focus on behaviors that have proven positive outcomes for health.
Among the more dangerous by-products of weight-centric health care are the increased shame experienced by the overweight. The well-reported anecdotal experience of innumerable fat people is that doctors often prescribe weight loss without examining them, running tests or performing other normal procedures for conditions that thin people would be screened for automatically. Research over the past two decades has shown that health professionals have negative attitudes toward fat people, as the authors of a large review paper wrote in 2013 in Current Obesity Reports. Not only that but doctors’ appointments with fat patients are shorter on average, and physicians routinely use negative words in their medical histories of such people. Such practices keep people from regular annual exams and prevent the detection of serious underlying conditions.
To practice evidence-based medicine, doctors should stop relying on weight alone as an indicator of health. Instead practitioners should focus on behavioral changes to improve health outcomes.
1. By “the big picture is not the whole picture” (paragraph 2), the writer means that_______.| A．there are some exceptions |
| B．more evidence should be presented |
| C．some health risk has been neglected |
| D．people don’t care much about health |
| A．To call attention to those who are thin but unhealthy. |
| B．To explain what “moderately increase” means in real life. |
| C．To argue against BMI being used as an indicator of fatness. |
| D．To show that weight may not be associated with poor health. |
| A．Most of them worry about their weight. |
| B．Some of them can’t be diagnosed correctly. |
| C．They need at least one exam every half year |
| D．They don’t follow doctors’ recommendations. |
| A．Weight-watching health care is common but may do harm. |
| B．More care should be taken of those overweight people. |
| C．Fat people are sometimes treated unfairly in society. |
| D．It’s time that we should be more health-conscious. |
【推荐1】Benjamin Giroux，a 10－year－old boy with autism (孤独症)，came home from his school more excited than ever. His fifth－grade teacher asked the students to write a poem about themselves，beginning every sentence with “I am. ”
Benjamin couldn’t wait to start writing，so he sat down and didn’t look up until he finished. A few hours later，he showed the poem to his parents. Their faces were covered with tears.
“I am odd (奇怪的)，I am new，”Benjamin wrote in the poem. “I wonder if you are too. I hear voices in the air，I see you don’t and that’s not fair. ” “I feel like a boy in outer space，I touch the stars and feel out of place，” he went on to write.
“At first，we felt sad and hurt that he feels lonely，misunderstood and odd at school，” Giroux said. “As the poem went on，we realized that he understands that he’s odd and that so is everyone else in their own way. This is what Ben wants everyone to know. ”
Benjamin was expected to read his poem aloud to the class the following day，but upon waking up that morning，he refused to go to school and stayed home. He didn’t think his poem was any good.
His dad posted (发帖) it on the internet in hopes of getting some encouraging comments from family and friends. Once the National Autism Organization saw the photo，they posted it to their page，where thousands of strangers shared how much the poem inspired them.
“We try to read him as many comments as we can to show the influence he’s had，” Giroux said. “It makes him happy too，which is always nice to see. ” The family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Benjamin and his parents for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.
1. As a child with autism，Benjamin ________.| A．feels bored with his lessons |
| B．wants to talk with his father |
| C．hopes to make friends with girls |
| D．feels excited about writing a poem |
| A．Benjamin knows and accepts that he is odd |
| B．his son needs playtime and attention |
| C．children with autism are still very clever |
| D．society should care for children with autism |
| A．Pleased. | B．Anxious. |
| C．Puzzled. | D．Bored. |
| A．Other people with autism were moved after reading the poem. |
| B．The people who read the poem felt inspired. |
| C．The people who care about Benjamin felt proud about Benjamin. |
| D．Parents of other kids with autism found a proper way of treating their kids. |
【推荐2】The common cold is a virus (病毒) that influence your nose or throat, passing from one person to another by touch. Colds are very common, especially in the weak of poor health.
Staying humid (湿润的) can help replace water you lose from a fever.
Studies have shown that home treatment of chicken soup can lighten sickness. Eating chicken soup as you can may help you get over your cold more quickly. You don’t have to make chicken soup on your own to get the benefits.
Throat lozenges (含片) containing sickness-preventing elements can help treat a sore throat.
| A．The store-bought, canned kind works just as well. |
| B．Getting enough rest can help you recover more quickly. |
| C．Taking home rest can prevent you from getting a cold. |
| D．Chicken is available on the market and can be cooked at home. |
| E．Drugs that have such elements may also help to reduce physical pains. |
| F．Enough drinking may help you feel better and get over the cold more quickly. |
| G．Though there is no quick cure for it, most people won’t recover in a short time. |
【推荐3】Let me tell you about my relationship with the school desk. From my first day at elementary school in 1982, it was terrible. This was how it went down: five seconds into class, the foot started bouncing; 10 seconds in, both feet; 15 seconds, I burst out drumming! After a few minutes, it’s all over. That desk and I didn’t get along.
Sitting still was hard enough, but I also struggled with reading. Reading the words out loud in class was a special kind of hell (地狱). By the third grade I had progressed from being one of “those kids” to being the “special kid”. I was found to have multiple language based learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder (ADD) (多动症). I was turned into a “patient” who needed treatment rather than a human being with differences. I struggled with severe anxiety and depression at age 10.
I survived this time in my life because of my mom. She knew in her heart that her child wasn’t broken and didn’t need to be fixed. My mom was right. When I think back on my school experience, I realize it wasn’t the ADD that disabled me. What disabled me was limitations not in myself but in the environment. I’ve come to believe that I did not have a disability, as it is common to say, but experienced a disability in environments that could not accommodate and accept my differences.
In the fall of 1997, after two years at Loyola Marymount University, where my learning differences were fully accommodated, I transferred (转学) to Brown University, where I graduated with an honours degree in English literature. I still can’t spell or sit still, but I now use support and technology to relieve my weaknesses and build a life on my strengths. I don’t feel stupid anymore and I know that I and others like me can live good lives despite these challenges.
1. What does the author mainly want to tell us in the first paragraph?| A．He didn’t like studying. |
| B．He used to be active at school. |
| C．He suffered from a broken desk. |
| D．He had trouble sitting still in class. |
| A．Excited. | B．Uneasy. |
| C．Interested. | D．Bored. |
| A．The author is living a good life with his weakness. |
| B．The author’s disability has been cured by technology. |
| C．The author got his honours degree in English literature in the fall of 1997. |
| D．The author was transferred to Brown University because of his disability. |
【推荐1】Researchers recently studied 3,000 middle school students. Among them were 618 teenagers with one parent who lived away from home for long periods of time because of work.The researchers wanted to know how the work of these “fly-in, fly-out” parents might influence the health of their children.
A higher percentage (比例) of teenagers who experienced the long work absence of a parent had emotional (情感的) or behavioral problems compared with those whose parents worked more traditional hours. This supports earlier research finding high percentages of emotional problems in teenagers who often returned to an empty house after school or whose parents were seldom at dinner.
Findings also suggest that parents don’t have to be home all the time to be present in their children’s lives, but it helps to be home at certain times. And the best parental presence for a teenager may sometimes be like a potted (盆栽的) plant. Many parents of teenagers have known this to be true and find ways to be present without trying to start a conversation. One friend of mine quietly does housework each evening in the sitting room where her teenagers watch TV. They enjoy one another’s company (陪伴) without the need to talk.
In fact, many years of research suggest that children use their parents as a safe base from which to explore the world. Studies tell us that young children quietly follow their parents’ movements from room to room, even while carrying on with their own activities. Perhaps our teens, like babies, feel most at ease when their parents are still around. They don’t want to stay away from parents who allow them freedom.
A new school year is at hand, so as parents we could offer our teenagers a “potted flower” as a gift, whose quiet and steady (稳定的) presence will give them a great day.
1. What did the study find about the 618 teens?| A．They had more dinners with their parents. |
| B．They were more prepared to help themselves. |
| C．They were more likely to have trouble with their feelings. |
| D．They showed more dislike for traditional working hours. |
| A．She doubts it. | B．She supports it. |
| C．She is worried about it. | D．She cares little about it. |
| A．They prefer to play with babies. |
| B．They want more freedom (自由) from parents. |
| C．They pay attention to parents’ behavior. |
| D．They show more interest in new activities. |
| A．Teens want potted plant parents |
| B．Your kids still need conversation |
| C．Quiet families raise healthier teenagers |
| D．Parents know little about today’s teenagers |
【推荐2】Words are powerful: they have the ability to lift up the lowest of the low or tear down the highest of the high. But a strong argument could be made that our body language is even more influential. The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged. When these nonverbal signals are working together with our words, it creates communication synergy.
It has been suggested that two-thirds of our communication is nonverbal. Positive body language in a classroom setting has the ability to motivate, inspire and engage. It can not only give you the confidence you need to teach but can also inform your students that you actually know what you’re talking about. It can even make your students feel safe and confident enough to participate in the lessons more frequently.
Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence. Signals include standing tall, gesturing only from the waist up, head straight and forward, and talking while pointing to others, which are obvious ways to exercise control. But when teaching, the nonverbal signals need to show a different type of leader. These signals convey warmth and understanding, reminding your students that you are approachable and there to help them grow. For example, fix your eyes on one student for about 15-30 seconds before changing to another student, which is one of the best ways to keep students’ focus. Nod your head. Give a thumbs up—maybe two! Show them they are on the right path and they will be more confident in continuing down it.
The importance of body language can never be ignored. It’s desirable that you should advocate using body language in teaching and pay attention to the use rule and using skills. You should use right, natural and clear body language. It’s crucial that you create good classroom atmosphere, inspire students’ imagination and grasp students’ mood.
1. Which has a similar meaning as the underlined word “synergy” in Paragraph 1?| A．Energy loss. | B．Confusing result. |
| C．Individual effect. | D．Combined power. |
| A．Warmth. | B．Control. |
| C．Understanding. | D．Encouragement. |
| A．To explain a theory. | B．To make a description. |
| C．To give suggestions. | D．To summarize a debate. |
| A．The importance of teacher’s body language. |
| B．The effective ways of good communication. |
| C．The value of teacher-student communication. |
| D．The prospect of students’ nonverbal learning. |
【推荐3】A small piece of fish each day may keep the heart doctor away. That's the finding of a study of Dutchmen in which deaths from heart disease were more than 50 percent lower among those who consumed at least an ounce of salt water fish per day compared to those who never ate fish.
The Dutch research is one of three human studies that give strong scientific support to the long-held belief that eating fish can provide health benefits, particularly to the heart.
Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States, with more than 550,000 deaths occurring from heart attacks each year. But previous research has shown that the level of heart disease is lower in cultures that consume more fish than Americans do. There are fewer heart disease deaths, for example, among the Eskimos of Greenland, who consume about 14 ounces of fish a day, and among the Japanese, whose daily fish consumption（消耗）averages more than 3 ounces.
For 20 years, the Dutch study followed 852 middle-aged men, 20 percent of whom ate no fish. At the start of the study, average fish consumption was about two-thirds of an ounce each day, with more men eating lean fish than fatty fish.
During the next two decades, 78 of the men died from heart disease. The fewest deaths were among the group who regularly ate fish, even at levels far lower than those of the Japanese or Eskimos. This relationship was true regardless of other factors such as age, high blood pressure, or blood cholesterol（胆固醇）levels.
1. The passage is mainly about___________.| A．the effect of fish-eating on people's health |
| B．the high incidence of heart disease in some countries |
| C．the changes in people's diet |
| D．the daily fish consumption of people in different cultures |
| A．Advertisements | B．Movies |
| C．Briefs | D．Health and Diet |
| A．in countries of the yellow-skin race |
| B．in the countries with high consumption of fish |
| C．in highly-developed countries |
| D．in the countries with good production of fish |
| A．the kind of fish eaten | B．the amount of fish eater |
| C．regular fish-eating | D．people of different areas |
