1 . ①Walk or drive to work? Which way is lower in carbon（碳）? To be friendly to the environment, you may choose to walk. Have you ever tried to live a low-carbon life through your diet（日常饮食）?
②A new study from the University of Oxford has looked into the health and environmental influences of 15 foods common in western diets. Among these, plant-based（基于植物的）foods included fruits, vegetables, nuts and potatoes. It also studied animal-based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish.
③According to the study’s lead researcher, Michael Clark, “Choosing better and greener diets is one of the main ways people can improve their health and protect the environment.” That is to say, plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment.
④To get this result, researchers compared the influence of eating another portion（一份）of each food with the increased risk of a few illnesses. They also find out the environmental harm for each animal-based food and each plant-based food.
⑤By using this method, the study found that red meats were the most unfriendly foods to the environment. Keeping farm animals produces a large number of methane（甲烷）that keeps 30 times more heat than CO2. As well as making the earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the risk of a few illnesses, such as heart trouble.
⑥Plant-based diets can give us the same health benefits in a much greener way. According to the study, without eating or using meat and milk products, global farmland use could be cut down by more than 75% and still feed the world.
⑦Speaking to the Guardian, Tim Benton of Chatham House said, “If we can give people reasonable official advice of what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its people would be in a much better place.”
根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑。
1. Which one is animal-based food?
| A．Milk products. | B．Fruits. | C．Potatoes. | D．Vegetables. |
| A．Many people choose to walk to work. | B．Plant-based diets are healthier and greener. |
| C．The more we eat, the better the environment is. | D．15 foods common in western diets are not healthy. |
| A．The harm of CO2. | B．The risk of heart trouble. |
| C．A reason for keeping animals. | D．Two disadvantages of red meats. |
| A．问题 | B．方式 | C．益处 | D．状况 |
| A．Teaching farmers to plant vegetables correctly. | B．Offering doctors new methods to treat patients. |
| C．Guiding people to lose weight by doing exercise. | D．Giving official advice on health and environment. |
2 . A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London. They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars (火星) in the future. The project is called Feeding Mars. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.
It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface and return to Earth. So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself.
Farming on Mars, however, will be very hard. There’s plenty of water that could be taken from ice just below the surface, but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need. The team say that they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together. Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants.
“It is expected that you can grow lots of food, such as vegetables, salads, teas and medicinal plants on Mars,” said Dr Benz Kotzen, who leads the project. “You can even harvest (捕获) fish for food then.”
1. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指的是)?| A．The future. | B．The project. | C．The land. | D．The planet. |
| A．Ice below the surface. | B．Too much fish waste. |
| C．The missing of living things. | D．The poor land condition. |
| A．Hopeful. | B．Doubtful. | C．Surprised. | D．Funny. |
3 . Forgot your password (密码) or your ID? Well, you’ll never forget your face. Using your face as your ID is quick and convenient. You could take the subway or board a flight with just your face alone. This is how facial recognition (人脸识别) works. It has also been used to catch criminals.
In China, facial recognition systems have been used in many areas. In Zhengzhou, people can now get on the subway by using facial recognition technology. Students at Peking University can pass through the school’s gate by scanning (扫描) their faces.
However, nowadays there are no laws to require how to use and collect the facial information, according to Zhao Zhanling, a law researcher at the China University of Political Science and Law. Many people are worried about the collection and use of this information by governments and companies. Why is it necessary to collect data (数据) about your face and what will the data be used for? These are some common questions about the facial recognition arguments.
“I feel uneasy because I don’t know how the company is using my facial information or whether they will tell others,” Feng Yi, a tourism company worker, said about Zhengzhou’s subway smartphone app. When someone steals your personal information, you can change your bank card and password, but can you change your face when your facial information is stolen? It’s dangerous!
As facial recognition is used more and more in our daily lives—from college schoolyards and subways to street corners and smartphones—we must ask ourselves whether or not this new technology is worth the risk.
1. What does the writer think of using your face as your ID?| A．Slow and expensive. | B．Quick and convenient. |
| C．Slow but convenient. | D．Quick but expensive. |
| A．Tsinghua University. | B．Zhengzhou University. |
| C．Peking University. | D．Tianjin University. |
| A．worried | B．relaxed | C．bored | D．excited |
| A．To tell us facial recognition is very safe. |
| B．To tell us everyone likes using facial recognition. |
| C．To tell us facial recognition is not always safe. |
| D．To tell us facial recognition is not easy to use. |
| A．It’s easy to forget your password or your ID. |
| B．Facial information shouldn’t be used. |
| C．It’s difficult to change your bank card and password. |
| D．Facial recognition systems are widely used in China. |
Imagine an expressway (高速公路) that can circle around Earth more than three and a half times! China is home to the world’s largest expressway network (网), with a total length of 160,000 kilometers at the end of 2020. By 2035, the expressway network will cover all cities and counties, China Daily reported.
The expressway’s blueprint (蓝图) was first announced in 1991, when China was still at the early stage of its market reforms (改革). The speedy growth of the economy called for more convenient transportation. The government planned to build expressways with a length of 35,000 kilometers over 30 years. But the goal was achieved by 2008, 13 years ahead of schedule.
The expressways connect not only China’s biggest cities but also many medium-sized cities. They reach about 70 percent of China’s urban residents (居民). Different climate and terrain (地形) challenges were overcome. This allowed roads to be built in undeveloped areas.
The expressways provide strong support for poverty alleviation (扶贫). Take the Shanghai-Chongqing expressway as an example. At the eastern end of the road, Shanghai is China’s financial center. But the western end used to be one of the country’s poorest areas. It’s the Wuling mountain region. It covers the city of Chongqing, as well as Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou provinces. Because of the expressway, the region has been lifted out of extreme poverty.
1、2题完成句子；3题回答问题；4题找出并写下最后一段的主题句；5题将画线句子译成汉语。
1. China has
2. In 1990s, the speedy growth of China’s economy called for
3. What cities do the expressways connect?
4.
5.
What can be red or green, round or sharp, big or small, and more importantly, loved or hated by someone? Yes, the answer is chilies (辣椒).
Many of us in China enjoy adding chilies to our food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-old US man recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper, the spiciest chili people have known so far. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following days, reported BBC News.
In fact, eating spicy food causes a stomachache and a headache. But if chilies are harmful, why do people like to eat this vegetable? So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body is influenced by natural chemicals that produce “a sense of happiness”, noted BBC News.
And chilies do good to people in another way. Scientists found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The death rate is 14 percent lower for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. This encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and bring less death risk at an early age. So, don’t worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us.
1. What is the main idea of the Paragraph 2?| A．Eating chilies can be dangerous. | B．The US man died in hospital. |
| C．US man often had a headache. | D．The Chinese enjoy eating chilies. |
| A．chilies do no harm to people | B．the chilies is a kind of vegetable |
| C．they can get personal enjoyment | D．chemicals in chilies make them mad |
| A．酸的 | B．苦的 | C．有害 | D．辣的 |
| A．The more chilies you eat, the longer you must live. |
| B．Scientists encourage us to add chilies to our food. |
| C．We should eat chilies seven times a day. |
| D．Proper spicy food may improve our health. |
| A．a menu | B．a magazine | C．a story book | D．a novel |
Drones (无人驾驶飞机) can do lots of things, including taking pictures from the sky and watching wild animals. Now these small flying robots begin to change the way of farming.
Looking for sick plants
Drones can find bacteria (细菌) that are harmful to plants in the air from a few kilometers away. Farms can check the drones’ air samples (样本) and try to find ways to protect their plans before the bacteria get to them.
Counting cows
When flying over cows, drones can follow up the cows and find out which fences need fixing. There are also special cameras on drones. They can help farmers look for animals that could harm their cows.
Water watch
After watering the fields, we can often see some places may dry out faster than others. Other places might not get water at all. Drones can look over the field and make a 3-D map. Using the map, farmers can find out which parts of a field are dry or need improvement.
Spraying pesticide (喷洒农药)
Different parts of a field might have different altitude (海拔). Drones can check for this when flying above the land. Then, they change their height so that they can spray the correct amount of pesticide over each part of the field. This is more useful than traditional pesticide spraying. Drones can finish spraying a field much faster than with traditional machines.
1-2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下全文的主题句；5题将文中划线句子译成汉语。
1. Farmers can check the drones’ air samples to find ways to
2. The special cameras help farmers
3. What can the farmers do by using the 3-D map?
4.
5.
7 . Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other big cities are exciting places to live in. There are many interesting things to see and do. You can go to different kinds of museums, and see all kinds of plays and films. You can also buy things from all over the world.
But there are serious problems in big cities too. It’s expensive to live there, and there are too many people in some places in big cities. Every year many people move to the cities to find jobs, to study at good schools and receive good medical care. But sometimes these people cannot find work or good places to live in. Also it is hard to keep the cities safe and clean.
Some people enjoy living in big cities, others do not. Before they move to big cities, they should think about the problems of living there.
1. In big cities people can do all of the following except ________.| A．living there with little money | B．seeing many kinds of plays and films |
| C．buying things from all over the world | D．going to different kinds of museums |
| A．All people like to live in big cities. |
| B．Big cities are not clean and safe enough. |
| C．People can always find work to do in big cities. |
| D．People can easily find good places to live in big cities. |
| A．big cities don’t have serious problems |
| B．people in big cities are usually very dirty |
| C．people will no longer like living in big cities |
| D．Beijing is an exciting place for people to live in |
8 . Wang Yaping, together with Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, went into space aboard the Shenzhou XIII on October 16th, 2021. The 41-year-old Wang became the first Chinese female astronaut（女航天员）to enter Tiangong space station.
Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. At that time, Wang was a pilot in the Chinese army. After having safe flights for 1,600 hours over nine years, Wang was a strong candidate（候选人）to become an astronaut in 2010. She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men. “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman,” she told Xinhua.
The hardest part is the high-G training. Sitting in a spinning（旋转的）machine, Wang would become blind for a while because her brain was short of blood. “There’s a red button（按钮）”, said Wang. “If you can’t stand it, you can press it to stop.” But Wang never used it. “There is no such red button in my heart.” That strong spirit finally made her dream come true in 2013. She joined the team for the Shenzhou X mission（任务）.
Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages（优势）. “Women may be more patient and can better deal with loneliness. Women’s hearts are also easier to adapt to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long-term missions.”
Wang Yaping went a long way before becoming the first woman to enter the Tiangong space station. She sets a good example for all women who dream of going to space.
1. Wang’s words mean _________ in Paragraph 2.| A．The space environment is easy to change. |
| B．Only men can go to space station in the world. |
| C．Both male and female astronauts can go to space. |
| D．Men and women will face the same difficulties in space. |
| A．合适 | B．改编 | C．适应 | D．接受 |
| A．Wang is the first female astronaut in the world. |
| B．Wang dreamed of being an astronaut in 2003. |
| C．It was a short time before Wang made her dream come true. |
| D．Wang pressed the red button when she became blind after the high-G training. |
a. More patience. b. Less weight. c. More problem-solving skills. d. Better ability to deal with loneliness.
| A．ad | B．ab | C．bc | D．bd |
Every living thing on earth is either a plant or an animal, right? Wrong! Many organisms(有机体) in our world are neither. Some of them float in the air, and some lie hidden in the ground. They do not need sunlight to survive, and if the weather becomes too cold, they can become inactive until conditions improve.
What are they? They are called fungi(真菌), and you see them almost every day. Many kinds of fungi seem unpleasant, such as the green things that appear on the food which are left too long in the fridge. But other kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast(酵母) that is used to make bread and mushrooms are both fungi.
What makes fungi different from plants and animals? An animal can move around by itself. Fungi get around too, but they don’t have feet, wings, or tails. They have to wait for wind or some other outside force to move them. Plants are different from fungi because they have chlorophyll(叶绿素). It helps them grow. Fungi do not have chlorophyll.
Some fungi are bad, while others are not. Some fungi cause diseases, such as athlete’s foot, which makes feet uncomfortable. Other kinds of fungi can be used to make medicines, which have saved many lives.
Fungi clean up more than wounds, though. They are the world’s first recyclers. Without fungi, our world would be a mess. Since fungi cannot make their own food as plants do, they must get their food elsewhere. Many fungi get their food from dead plants. They break them down and turn them into soil. The fungi get a meal, and the world gets housecleaning.
1、2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下第四段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1.
2. The yeast that is used to make
3. What can help fungi to move?
4.
5.
10 . Climate change is a big problem humans are facing. How can we deal with it? Reducing carbon emissions (碳排放) is important. But what if we could capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and use it to do other things?
Recently, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. It’s going to take CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel.
It will not only be good for Earth, but “will also be important for Mars,” Musk tweeted. The air on Mars is made up of 95 percent CO2. If we could turn CO2 into fuel, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.
The idea may sound strange but it’s not totally crazy. There are already some technologies that might help with this. According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the US, the carbon atoms (原子) in CO2 and the hydrogen (氢) atoms in water can be combined to make methane (甲烷) or ethanol (乙醇). They could be used as fuel. If we do this on Mars, energy from the sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).
The idea will also make space travel more eco-friendly. “If the CO2-based fuel could be used in a rocket launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being emitted into the air,” said Stafford Sheehan from Air Company, a US company that focuses on CO2 capture technologies.
1. What is SpaceX working on?| A．Reducing CO2 emissions. | B．Building a new rocket. |
| C．Turning CO2 into fuel. | D．Traveling long distances on Mars. |
| A．It will take energy from the sun. |
| B．It will take 95 percent of CO2 out of the air. |
| C．It will make it easier to travel from Mars to Earth. |
| D．It will create free catalysts for chemical experiments. |
| A．How CO2 can be turned into fuel. |
| B．Where CO2 can be taken. |
| C．Why the program should be carried on Mars. |
| D．How the energy from the sun can be used. |
| A．Scientists use 715 tons of CO2 to launch a rocket. |
| B．Rocket launching is an environmentally-friendly activity. |
| C．There will be no CO2 emissions anymore. |
| D．SpaceX’s idea would be good for the environment. |
| A．Visit Space with CO2 | B．Climate change we face |
| C．Space travel in the future | D．A new program on Mars |
