1 . Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly right as a kind of the wanting and happy understanding usually shown by the children. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gestures（手势）and by making questioning noises.

Any attempt（尝试）to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words, leads to great difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises divide themselves as particularly（特别 ；尤其）expressive as pleasure, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s meaning to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation leads on to easy imitation（模仿）of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises（发生；出现）as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

It is a problem we need to get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at seven months, of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at another time for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.

1. How do most children behave before learning the language at an early age?

A．They ask questions by repeating the words.

B．They take in language through different amounts of listening.

C．They understand and respond to adults’ oral instructions.

D．They are eager and delighted to cooperate with the adults.

2. Children who start speaking late ________.

A．may have difficulty in their listening

B．probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

C．often take a long time in learning to listen properly

D．usually pay close attention to what they hear

3. The problem of deciding when a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech is not important because ________.

A．words have different meanings for different people

B．the changeover（变更）takes place gradually

C．the meaning of words changes with age

D．children’s use of words is often meaningless

4. What can we learn from the underlined sentences in the last paragraph?

A．Parents need not teach their children new sounds.

B．Children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak.

C．Children still enjoy imitating after they can speak.

D．Children who are good at imitating no longer need parents’ help.

2 . If you look around the room you are in right now, you’ll probably notice a number of electronics. But can you imagine if they all had to be joined together by wires (电线)? Picture the wire snaking along the floor, for example, from your smartphone to your speaker, or connecting your game controller to the computer screen, meaning you could never sit more than a couple of meters away from it. A world of electronics connected by wires wouldn’t just be untidy, but a possible danger, too. That’s where Bluetooth comes in. We’ve all heard of it — but what exactly is it?

Bluetooth is a method of short-distance (短距离) wireless communication between electronics that makes use of the power of radio waves. The idea was first thought of by Dr. Janp Haartsen at Swedish mobile company Ericsson in 1994. Things really stepped up in September 1998 when the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was set up to develop and spread the technology. Bluetooth 1.0 came out in 1999, and a year later it began to be used in mobile phones and desktop computers. Now Bluetooth has become an increasingly popular way of solving the problem of more and more electronics needing to be connected. without having to connect everything together with wires.

But if you look at the remote control (温控器) you use to choose the program on TV, you might rightly ask yourself why Bluetooth was such a big deal. After all, connecting objects with infrared signals (红外信号) which can’t be seen had been done before. The problem with remote controls is that they need to keep what is called “line of sight”. If something is standing between the remote control and receiver, it won’t work. Because Bluetooth uses radio waves, the things standing in the way are no longer a problem.

Since its creation in the late 1990s, the technology has become more and more improved and widely used, with the 4 billionth Bluetooth objects shipped in 2020.

1. How does the writer lead in the topic “Bluetooth” in Paragraph 1?

A．By describing scenes.

B．By comparing facts.

C．By telling stories.

D．By explaining reasons.

2. With the setting up of SIG, Bluetooth ________.

A．started to be used in cars	B．made radio waves known to people
C．improved and spread quickly	D．was able to connect all electronics

3. From Paragraph 3, we mainly get to know the ________ of Bluetooth.

A．development

B．popularity

C．standard

D．advantage

4. ________ will most probably be interested in this text.

A．Phone sellers

B．Technology fans

C．Newspaper reporters

D．History lovers

3 . The opening ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics was held in Beijing on Friday night, February 4th. Social media users described it with these words: amazing, glittering and dazzling.

The main stage of the ceremony in the National Stadium, commonly known as the Bird’s Nest, is designed to be like a huge Chinese character “Zhong”, covering almost the whole stage. In fact, it is the world’s largest ground LED screen. The screen, with a size of 10,552 square meters, was actually made up of about 42,000 small LED modules. The supersized ground screen, together with a 10-meter-high vertical screen, allowed the audience to have a wonderful experience.

To build such a big ground LED screen wasn’t an easy task. As the main stage, on which all performances and the Parade of Nations took place, it had to be wear-resistant, water-proof, electrically safe and able to support heavy weights. What was more challenging, as the stadium is open-air, the ground screen had to be able to support the winter freezing temperature, as well as weather like rain and snow. To solve all the challenges, technicians built a special protective covering for it.

With the help of AI, 5G, AR and naked-eye 3D technologies from the company CALA, which once offered them to the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics opening ceremony, the ceremony presented many amazing moments. The most unforgettable moment is when the Olympic Rings were “carved out” of a 3D cube shaped like a block of ice on the screen. Another great point is that children sang and danced across the stage, when stars appeared on the screen under their feet.

Thanks to the screens, creative ideas and high technologies, the two-hour ceremony only needed around 3,000 excellent performers, compared with 15,000 during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics opening ceremony. It greatly meets the theme of energy saving.

Thomas Bach, the president of IOC believed that the 2022 Olympic Winter Games would be “in safe hands” when Beijing won the bid in 2015. The amazing ceremony showed the world that China has kept its promise of hosting a fantastic event with strong determination and confidence.

1. The main stage is ________.

A．the largest vertical LED screen	B．similar to “Zhong” in Chinese
C．covering the edge of the stadium	D．about 10,552 meters in height

2. The underlined word “them” refers to ________.

A．the technologies the ceremony used

B．the moments the ceremony presented

C．the screens that were served for the kids

D．the rings that were “carved out” of the ice

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Excellent performers played quite an important role in energy saving.

B．Bach promised the Games would be safe when Beijing made the bid.

C．China made a great effort to achieve a victory of the opening ceremony.

D．The ceremony was such a creative one that more performers attended it.

4. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．The high technology explores a new field in China.

B．The LED screen brings a big surprise for the world.

C．The opening ceremony is a difficult task for Olympics.

D．The 2022 Winter Olympics presents amazing memories.

4 .

“There are waves rushing across the sea. There are ships sailing under the sails on the middle of the sea. All through the spring has been filled with a rich and poetic atmosphere.” It’s a beautiful poem that was written in several seconds by ChatGPT. It is a powerful AI chatbot that can give you an answer to just about any question you have. It’s as if you could have a conversation with Google, a tool to search for information.

New things always bring benefits for all walks of life. We can get information supported by thousands of webpages, with the information in a simple language. ChatGPT can also help people who are poor at foreign languages communicate effectively. In addition, using it as a teaching tool can help teachers save time. For example, Chat GPT provides teaching ideas and activities for classes. Another fun way is to ask for cooking ideas with the ingredients(原料) you have on hand. When used in this way, Chat GPT can be a great tool to make the world closer and better!

Chat GPT is amazing, but it causes worries. For thousands of years, students have been required to find information from books and the Internet now. It requires a level of effort. Students who work hard usually get rewards(奖励) and can see lots of different information. With ChatGPT, finding information becomes much easier than using the Internet or a book. It could make cheating much easier, and make students feel their hard work isn’t rewarded.       

ChatGPT also presents other problems. Nowadays, there are millions of people around the world working in the ‘knowledge economy(经济)’. It may have influence on people, such as translators, scientist, teachers and writers. Because Chat GPT helps people get information easily, these jobs could become much easier. It may lead in the result that ▲ , as their skills are no longer something companies need.

It’s too soon to say what kind of effect ChatGPT will have on our lives. Let’s hope that its effects are mostly positive, if ChatGPT does become bigger and more popular. So what do you think?

1. Why does the writer mention a poem in Paragraph 1?

A．To start a story.	B．To explain an idea.
C．To introduce a topic.	D．To discuss a problem.

2. What may ChatGPT do for us according to Paragraph 2?
①searching for the information               ②entering the cooking competition
③offering lesson plans to teachers        ④helping foreigners chat with Chinese

A．①②③

B．①③④

C．①②④

D．②③④

3. Which of the following can be put into ▲ in Paragraph 4?

A．ChatPGT will take the place of human beings

B．writers will play an important part in economy

C．the Internet knowledge will spread quite slowly

D．many people will lose jobs or be paid much less

4. What is the best structure of the passage?

A．

B．

C．

D．

5 .

In recent years, China has found many birds die from window collisions. There was a higher number in cities like Guangzhou and Shanghai with large numbers of buildings. “Up to 1 billion birds die each year hitting buildings in the USA, and there might be a similar number in China”, according to China Daily. Most of these dead birds are migratory birds. There has already been diminution in numbers of many of these birds for other reasons, and window collisions add to the loss of their members.

There are two main reasons for window collisions. The first is that during day time birds see the reflection in glass as open space and fly into it, because birds have trouble seeing glass. Also, at night it is due to the street lights and various lighting reflection on the glass, which take their attention away from their path.

“To control glass reflections, we used stickers to decorate windows in 2018,” said Li Binbin, a professor of Environmental Sciences at Duke Kunshan University in Jiangsu Province. This simple effort reduced the collisions at the site to almost zero. Later, the university also tried lowering the use of large windows.

In 2020, in Shenzhen, a city with the world’s second-highest number of buildings over 150 meters tall, bird-shaped stickers are used to break up the reflectivity of the glass in some parks. Meanwhile, an art studio has designed ultra-violet patterns for windows, as ultra-violet light can be seen by birds but not humans, and this particular solution also protects the beauty of buildings.

Keeping bird-safety standard for use in the construction field could bring greater improvements. In October 2019, experts from China and Britain called for more bird-friendly buildings.

Building owners are encouraged to turn off unnecessary lights at night during bird migration periods, in spring and fall. Last year, Lanshan County in China’s Hunan Province, which is located on a migration route, turned off certain street lights so that birds would not get lost at night.

There is a need to raise awareness of the problem because biodiversity protection in cities may require the joint efforts of wildlife workers, city planners, building designers and the general public.

1. Which of the following may cause bird collisions with windows?

A．The city buildings are too high.	B．These birds are migratory birds.
C．Lighted windows hurt birds’ eyes easily.	D．Different light leads birds to the wrong way.

2. How have people tried to reduce window collisions, according to the passage?

A．By increasing the number of big windows.	B．By making buildings look brighter at night.
C．By lowering reflectivity with special designs.	D．By decorating tall buildings more beautifully.

3. What does the underlined word “diminution” probably mean?

A．research

B．discussion

C．change

D．drop

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Controlling bird collisions helps keep more bird kinds alive.

B．Window collisions are the main reason for the death of birds.

C．Birds are easy to lose their direction at the migratory seasons.

D．Bird-friendly buildings can increase the safety of the buildings.

7 .

Most viruses can be found and killed by our immune system as soon as they enter our bodies. However, some viruses, for example, the coronavirus, are sneaky. They are difficult to recognize and find. These viruses can cause deadly diseases, like COVID-19. Human-to-human transmission can easily occur, and pandemic will therefore break out. Vaccination is by now a simple, safe and effective way to protect us from the diseases.

▲      Vaccines are something that “looks” exactly the same as the viruses, mainly made from the viruses that are weakened or killed. They will not make us really ill. They only stimulate and activate our immune system to work, telling it something harmful is coming in. The immune system will know what the “viruses” look like, and send B cells (lymphocytes) or antibodies to find and kill them. Meanwhile B cells will remember them for the next kill. A vaccine may also give us passive immunity by providing B cells taken from an animal or a human to play the same role.

Scientists have developed more than 180 vaccines to fight against COVID-19. The technical approaches of these vaccines can be a little different, but their aims are the same.

Take the inactivated vaccine as an example. In an inactivated vaccine, the coronaviruses are already killed or made into the ones unable to produce more new viruses. When the immune system “sees” them, it will try to kill them. The question is: without enough these viruses how can B cells remember them? That’s why we need to take the vaccine more than one time. Though this vaccine is safe, it might not be as effective as it is expected to be.

The live-attenuated vaccine is different. In this vaccine, the viruses are weakened, but they are alive. They can produce enough new viruses to train the immune system to kill and remember them, so people only need to take the vaccine once. The live-attenuated vaccine is considered the most effective, but there is a worry: what might happen once these viruses wake up?

Therefore, although vaccination is by now one of the best ways to protect us from COVID-19, it can be better.

1. The coronavirus can ________.

A．not be killed

B．not be found

C．cause deaths

D．stop pandemic

2. Which of the following can be the best topic sentence of Paragraph 2?

A．Vaccination can provide us with B cells.	B．Vaccines are made from different viruses.
C．Vaccination can prepare us against viruses.	D．Vaccines won’t make us ill as the viruses do.

3. Compared to the inactivated vaccine the live-attenuated vaccine ________.

A．needs taking more than once	B．is equally safe
C．contains viruses that are killed	D．is more effective

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Vaccination is good enough to treat COVID-19.

B．The immune system can be more effective with vaccines.

C．The viruses in inactivated vaccines can make new viruses.

D．180 vaccines have been developed to fight against diseases.

8 . Sweden produces about 4. 4 million tons of waste a year, but only 1% makes its way to the landfill. When it comes to waste management, Sweden is ahead of its time. How has Sweden done it?

In Sweden, everyone works hard to make the environment free of waste. People are taught to recycle from a very young age. They are asked to return cans and bottles to supermarkets. The government places recycling stations no more than 300 meters from homes, schools, and offices. These all help waste management in Sweden much easier and more practical.

The country also rewards those who recycle. In 1984, Sweden started the panta system. It encourages people to recycle bottles in exchange for money. The process is very simple. People put their items into a machine. Each piece has a small barcode that tells the machine how much it is worth. People can collect a voucher for that amount by pressing a green button, or they can donate the money to charity by pressing a yellow button. In 2021, the Swedish recycled 1.8 billion bottles and cans by using panta system.

Sweden recycles nearly 50% of what it throws away. But what about the other half? ________ Altogether Sweden has 34 waste-to-energy plants that provide 1, 445, 000 homes with heat and 780, 000 homes with electricity. Changing waste into energy has reduced Sweden’s CO₂ emissions by 2.2 million tons a year. In 2016, Sweden had started running out of trash, so it began importing waste from other countries. It not only keeps the plants working, but also lets Sweden make much money. That is what makes Sweden different from the other countries.

Sweden’s waste management has made a great success. But still, the country is wondering how it can do more. They hope to see a day when landfills are a thing of the past.

1. The word “These” in Para. 2 refers to the ________ that help to recycle the waste.

A．plans

B．meanings

C．actions

D．reasons

2. In the panta system, people can ________.

A．find recycling stations easily	B．sell bottles to supermarkets
C．change the waste into energy	D．get rewards from machines

3. Which of the following can be best filled in the ________ in Para. 4?

A．This waste is recycled by Swedish at home.

B．This waste goes to landfills and is burnt there.

C．This waste is put into machines and is sold abroad.

D．This waste goes to plants and is changed into energy.

4. The purpose of this passage is to ________.

A．celebrate the success of waste recycling in Sweden

B．advise other countries to ask for help from Sweden

C．introduce the Swedish method of waste management

D．show Sweden earns much money by recycling waste

10 . Lima, the capital of Peru, is located in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. With a population of more than 9 million, Lima is one of the largest cities and the only capital in South America that faces the ocean.

Lima has a long history. The lost Inca civilization, is thought to be a mystery. There are many museums, where you can learn: how the ancient American Indians founded the Inca Empire and built Machu Picchu, a famous ancient city in the Andes Mountains; what happened in 1532 and why over 90% of Peruvians speak Spanish. Visiting the historic center, a World Heritage Site, you may find you are communicating with both the past and the present.

Lima is also a place where you can find the lifestyles and fashions, created by its people and culture. You will see Peruvian clothes, dances, and taste their delicious foods and drinks. You can see buildings in different styles, enjoy the fantastic sunset over the ancient ruins, climb the mountains, fly over the ocean, or sit in the restaurants and bars to experience Peruvians’ relaxing life.

You may have heard “It never rains in Lima.”   In fact, the special geographic feature makes it not as dry as it is said to be and it is warm all year round. Though it seldom rains in summer, it sometimes drizzles on early winter mornings. The drizzle and the wet air “water” the ground, which makes the crops and the plants grow. Moreover, modern technology helps to bring water from the snow and ice on the top of the Andes (over 6,000m high) for the city to use. People there never waste water.

Lima is such an amazing city that it is worth a visit.

1. According to the passage, where is Lima on the map?

A．

B．

C．

D．

2. Most people in Lima speak ________.

A．Indian

B．Spanish

C．English

D．Inca language

3. The underlined word “drizzle” probably means ________.

A．warm air

B．sea water

C．snow and ice

D．very light rain

4. Lima is a city ________.

A．which is rich in water resources	B．where people can learn Inca culture
C．which is the largest in South America	D．where the houses are in the same style