解题方法
1 .
(简称LFP)主要用于各种锂离子电池,是最安全的锂离子电池正极材料,不含任何对人体有害的重金属元素。以盐湖卤水(主要含有NaCl、
、LiCl和
等)为原料制备
的工艺流程如图。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/3/a5ad2466-1a1a-4ce3-992a-f787409b70be.png?resizew=529)
注:日晒蒸发、喷雾干燥后固体含NaCl、LiCl、
等。
(1)
中Li在元素周期表中的位置为第___________ 周期___________ 族。
(2)硼酸在水中的溶解度随温度的变化关系如图所示。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/3/bc72d41e-0abc-456e-928e-df7d3495eb61.png?resizew=244)
已知:![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5ec2f03603e2d63a1ac5c8747d2cb876.png)
最多与___________
溶液完全反应。“酸化脱硼”中采用___________ (填“加热”或“冷却”),采用该操作的目的是___________ 。
(3)“煅烧”过程中,常需要搅拌,搅拌的目的是___________ 。
(4)“蒸发分解”的化学方程式为___________ 。
(5)已知不同温度下蒸发分解得到
的产率及其溶解度随温度的变化关系如图所示。则“蒸发分解”的最佳温度是___________ ,制得
后需要洗涤,具体操作为___________ 。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/3/8ed9fd6c-9dc8-43e5-a763-92cd936ced3b.png?resizew=337)
(6)用
、
、
制备
时,有
产生,则参与反应的
和
的物质的量之比为___________ 。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c2a412094cb41f61d0897dcb799de248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4b6852be39ae1afb86c86cd680f4dcf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/45dda4308647260aef199cc21bbddece.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c2a412094cb41f61d0897dcb799de248.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/3/a5ad2466-1a1a-4ce3-992a-f787409b70be.png?resizew=529)
注:日晒蒸发、喷雾干燥后固体含NaCl、LiCl、
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6c0416f681853e4a6b8d41f30a46014e.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c2a412094cb41f61d0897dcb799de248.png)
(2)硼酸在水中的溶解度随温度的变化关系如图所示。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/3/bc72d41e-0abc-456e-928e-df7d3495eb61.png?resizew=244)
已知:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5ec2f03603e2d63a1ac5c8747d2cb876.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a37639b25ff5fa12cb41e4fc2247ea5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8219a1d231fd2667eeb681f3c685c6a1.png)
(3)“煅烧”过程中,常需要搅拌,搅拌的目的是
(4)“蒸发分解”的化学方程式为
(5)已知不同温度下蒸发分解得到
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f36e6505fa6d20fe082df7f17a802827.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f36e6505fa6d20fe082df7f17a802827.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/3/8ed9fd6c-9dc8-43e5-a763-92cd936ced3b.png?resizew=337)
(6)用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f36e6505fa6d20fe082df7f17a802827.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5b3b85f3696b22a8965194d575cf0712.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/403c89d4158d6798d7c4e025458f8ee3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c2a412094cb41f61d0897dcb799de248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f36e6505fa6d20fe082df7f17a802827.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/403c89d4158d6798d7c4e025458f8ee3.png)
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2 . 锗是一种重要的战略资源,在半导体、航空航天测控等领域都有着广泛的应用。下图是以一种锗矿
主要成分为
、
、
为原料制备锗的工艺流程:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/11/07b1a2d4-fee7-4492-8784-0e75f2794830.png?resizew=448)
已知:
为两性氧化物。
“萃取”时用的萃取剂在本实验条件下对
有很好的选择性。
的熔、沸点分别为
、
,极易水解放热。
“蒸馏”过程中发生的反应为
。
(1)锗在元素周期表中的位置为第_________ 周期第________ 族。
(2)“粉碎”的目的是_______________________ 。
(3)“焙烧”过程中
发生反应的化学方程式为________________ 。
(4)“滤渣”的成分为________________
填化学式
,“水相”中的阳离子除了
和
外,还有__________________
填离子符号
。
(5)“萃取”时,
锗的萃取率
与
水相与有机相的体积比
的关系如图所示,从生产成本的角度考虑,最适宜的
为______________
填序号
。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/11/e71e1f63-331f-439d-84c7-10ca7c3a8d8f.png?resizew=324)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ff975e63931b034f0c29dc726861cfe2.png)
(6)“水解”时反应的化学方程式为_________________ ,该步实验操作必须在冰盐浴中进行的原因除了有利于水解反应正向进行外,还有______________ 。
(7)假设流程中每步都没有锗元素损失,若
锗
含锗
经提纯得到
的锗,则杂质元素的脱除率为_____________
用含a、b、c的式子表示
。
已知:杂质元素的脱除率
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd995178601c2ad7b40f973d268c7bb7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/792e5119d613d011509d41dbf2421529.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/264d2e64f5fd8fd52a0f079dde115c19.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6553c2d499e859a50573cee333361cdc.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/11/07b1a2d4-fee7-4492-8784-0e75f2794830.png?resizew=448)
已知:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4696e681b55ceceff1e3dda4c89acc6b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c650fe55b7603f106c53ca2423451c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e8b85e85adbafbcb3df46ede29613e24.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e47f02144c3de501282ea0a200c39f7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/03447669236256cd3546acece1fecb0b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0910e26d06e662d5357e12a51104d388.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7d8b8edd94bc4d5d517ec77e56800e41.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d782b035cd5a4e153e2f63279bd0e102.png)
(1)锗在元素周期表中的位置为第
(2)“粉碎”的目的是
(3)“焙烧”过程中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/792e5119d613d011509d41dbf2421529.png)
(4)“滤渣”的成分为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd995178601c2ad7b40f973d268c7bb7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ad60241600751443a89557c09ced8b5c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a8b6ede55013761f0df50ef4854cb9d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd995178601c2ad7b40f973d268c7bb7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
(5)“萃取”时,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fffbe78fd59c7dfdec1713d3b16fac20.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09bcf368da719876f55417ba2a4fb079.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0d9b43933e44552d8860234186496336.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd995178601c2ad7b40f973d268c7bb7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/11/e71e1f63-331f-439d-84c7-10ca7c3a8d8f.png?resizew=324)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6574bacaaca9e81d1b4578dd71ed9f8f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/38526e73354c7040afb15805931334ff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5f03680873da1df2731581afb4dd6ace.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ff975e63931b034f0c29dc726861cfe2.png)
(6)“水解”时反应的化学方程式为
(7)假设流程中每步都没有锗元素损失,若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac088daa8c5f165c3fd02b594b5a7850.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd995178601c2ad7b40f973d268c7bb7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ed45605069e8015c9c4fde1faaca71ef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/29f7df512333816d05caa771b18c76c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd995178601c2ad7b40f973d268c7bb7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04582116cd765fcc5a52f44279ad6c94.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd995178601c2ad7b40f973d268c7bb7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/040efeb05b4cb0dd5ccb3c05f485aa6c.png)
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