名校
解题方法
1 . “熵”常用来判断系统中信息含量的多少,也用来判断概率分布中随机变量的不确定性大小,一般熵越大表示随机变量的不确定性越明显.定义:随机变量
对应取值
的概率为
,其单位为bit的熵为
,且
.(当
,规定
.)
(1)若抛掷一枚硬币1次,正面向上的概率为
,正面向上的次数为
,分别比较
与
时对应
的大小,并根据你的理解说明结论的实际含义;
(2)若拋掷一枚质地均匀 的硬币
次,设
表示正面向上的总次数,
表示第
次反面向上的次数(0或1).
表示正面向上
次且第
次反面向上
次的概率,如
时,
.对于两个离散的随机变量
,其单位为bit的联合熵记为
,且
.
(ⅰ)当
时,求
的值;
(ⅱ)求证:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f022950e0faa45b617d497b01b5292b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/97ea8f47d8d8d9e1832d52b1c7425450.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2b23512db3961f941a63a3d8254afb05.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/449a066c87681f1f006aef2faeeba4c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/25c94a17b49550283be4ec1a348c8534.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e2c84b931f584765cd30253af0e0d71b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f1dc00bf0db4bf56d99cf9583938bcba.png)
(1)若抛掷一枚硬币1次,正面向上的概率为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/109ac38599926de9fd89470f561f6664.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f022950e0faa45b617d497b01b5292b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8493a0cd10d3d0399173c04163740a38.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4479d54b1eced7c425e2deaefb18c233.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e6c6ec3ea184362694ba9c2dd2cbfd0.png)
(2)若拋掷一枚
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6a24198bd04c29321ae5dc5a28fe421.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f022950e0faa45b617d497b01b5292b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a829fdd8ec0f3b7ede883cf2c3e53b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6a24198bd04c29321ae5dc5a28fe421.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5470e9ee422d970529663964b84c45a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c814128ea2139e33db94ea590e7c2223.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6a24198bd04c29321ae5dc5a28fe421.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54015ff5b49e3283901da1291b6b921d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be604061cf1591f7069472269d4c9719.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4d65362f7197f0e2cc05d879b3341584.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aa0010cb466163db1349fc1040f6b439.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bf395de82112cb78f446c6e7a245556a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b8f9de90ca38f627eba375b15eb3e8f.png)
(ⅰ)当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be604061cf1591f7069472269d4c9719.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/afbabe5b63ff142225e3ae59e7b88b3c.png)
(ⅱ)求证:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e1109931e8c85ff6b8bb894e6d5d4017.png)
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2024-05-13更新
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2卷引用:江苏省南通、扬州、泰州七市2024届高三第三次调研测试数学试题