1 . 正态曲线及其性质
(1)正态曲线:我们称
,
,其中
,
时为参数,为正态密度函数,称它的图象为正态密度曲线,简称正态曲线.
(2)正态分布:若随机变量X的概率分布密度函数为
,则称随机变量X服从正态分布,记为_________ .特别地,当
,
时,称随机变量X服从________ 正态分布.
(3)正态分布的期望与方差:若
,则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b5b9249c10ae3896e2ee96bfa1a153e5.png)
______ ,
_______ .
(4)正态曲线的特点:
①非负性:对
,
,它的图象在x轴的上方.
②定值性:曲线与x轴之间的面积为1.
③对称性:曲线是单峰的,它关于直线________ 对称.
④最大值:曲线在
处达到峰值
.
⑤当
无限增大时,曲线无限接近x轴.
⑥当
一定时,曲线的位置由
确定,曲线随着
的变化而沿
轴平移,如图①.
⑦当
一定时,曲线的形状由
确定,
较小时曲线“瘦高”,表示随机变量X的分布比较集中;
较大时,曲线“矮胖”,表示随机变量X的分布比较分散,如图②.
,如图所示,X取值不超过
的概率
为图中区域A的面积,而
为区域B的面积.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9f3460bf7ce838cbfd78fabc04b6cee6.png)
.
(1)正态曲线:我们称
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ab88cb5e0bf24c07c4fa50757f755dc4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1aedc1c8a16e306bcd6e5154f9ed6dfc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5cefeddff52b02a43831beeb4bb6faa4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/da01e03ec2bd0c5965c2535ab6835ef9.png)
(2)正态分布:若随机变量X的概率分布密度函数为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4fe7d5809da02c15a43a0e9a898b9086.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ad39768ebe8d7a3a0fd09efe7e200ad.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6095d3cc6af6cc00646493bcfeda216.png)
(3)正态分布的期望与方差:若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1e6c106c07c72c0e54503728911c1743.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b5b9249c10ae3896e2ee96bfa1a153e5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4ab40fadc58e24cf88c93e52b289e9cc.png)
(4)正态曲线的特点:
①非负性:对
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4ad5fe274cfc8da2dacfb65801f344ac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/018857ec6e498113b3b12a730d9313da.png)
②定值性:曲线与x轴之间的面积为1.
③对称性:曲线是单峰的,它关于直线
④最大值:曲线在
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f6887eae47401f3acc6f99ce6ca7c30d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/623112afbf2e4c16f94f07f361a84bf3.png)
⑤当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fe916d05211cf74a2b1428a8bb8bbbbd.png)
⑥当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c0ad7e7853a069537387b5192f73844.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1100379a4385b9ce064847bc21760adc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1100379a4385b9ce064847bc21760adc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
⑦当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1100379a4385b9ce064847bc21760adc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c0ad7e7853a069537387b5192f73844.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c0ad7e7853a069537387b5192f73844.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c0ad7e7853a069537387b5192f73844.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1e6c106c07c72c0e54503728911c1743.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/073f0aebd74634327d63d5310be981d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c6b18c9e23f1b58b74f47c70667aa33.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9f3460bf7ce838cbfd78fabc04b6cee6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d616424f5ab99deb3f310316e2c5171c.png)
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