1 . Many parents of both boys and girls have witnessed striking differences in the way their kids use technology, with their sons generally gravitating to videogames and their daughters often spending more of their screen time scrolling through social media. Emerging research indicates that brain differences between males and females help account for the split.
Marc Potenza, a professor at Yale University, teamed up with researchers at universities in China to find out why. Using functional MRIs, which measure brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow, the team studied neural responses in young male and female gamers, particularly in the parts of the brain associated with reward processing and craving --a motivating factor in addiction. When the men and women were shown photos of people playing videogames, those parts of the men’s brains showed higher levels of activation than those parts of the women’s brains.
Brain regions that have been implicated in drug-addiction studies also were shown to be more highly activated in the men after gaming. The researchers said the results suggest men could be more biologically prone (有倾向的) than women to developing internet gaming disorder.
But girls and women aren’t free from problems when it comes to digital media. Data from Pew shows that, in general, women use social platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and Pinterest far more than men. Many girls and women are drawn to those photo-sharing sites because they like to form bonds and find similarities, says Rosanna
Guadagno, a social psychologist at Stanford University. Some recent studies show that girls feel the ill effects of too much social media use, such as depression and anxiety, more than boys do.
Researchers at the University of Zurich looked at how differences in brain functioning can help explain why women tend to be more prosocial—that is, helpful, generous and cooperative—than men. In the 2017 study, they hypothesized that the areas of women’s brains related to reward processing are more active when they share rewards and that those areas in men are more active when receiving, selfish rewards. Brain scans conducted on men and women, in which they chose between receiving a monetary reward only for themselves or one that involved sharing money with others, supported their theory.
Scientists say understanding those differences is critical to parents’ ability to help kids navigate the fast-changing world of tech.
1. Boys and girls differ in the way they use technology in that _______.A.boys like using technology while girls don’t |
B.boys prefer photo-sharing sites to video games |
C.girls use social platforms far more than boys |
D.girls tend to suffer from the use of technology |
A.The team conducted the research in Yale university. |
B.There were no changes in blood flow in female games. |
C.Women’s brains showed higher levels of activation than men’s. |
D.They focused on the brain’s responses to the part related to addiction. |
A.Because they are afraid of developing internet gaming disorder. |
B.Because using social media helps them drive away depression. |
C.Because it functions as a way of establishing and keeping relations. |
D.Because they are more active when exposed to social media. |
A.women are more likely to share money with others |
B.men are more active when receiving selfish rewards |
C.women are more helpful, generous and cooperative than men |
D.women’s brain function influences their prosocial behaviors |
A.The importance of understanding these differences in brain. |
B.The proper ways for teenagers to make use of technology . |
C.The reasons why women are far more generous than men. |
D.Other factors that might account for technology behavior. |
2 . Back in high school, I loved nothing more than going bowling. From freshman to junior year, starting and leading my school’s bowling club helped me come out of my
Still the bowling memory that really stuck out to me was
Then one evening something remarkable happened. During a game, I
That’s, when I finally went over to say hi to Leroy.
That was the beginning of our friendship. Since that night, playing together and sharing our life stories has become our weekly
A.way | B.zone | C.shell | D.place |
A.school | B.town | C.community | D.state |
A.boosted | B.affected | C.formed | D.enjoyed |
A.when | B.how | C.that | D.because |
A.instead | B.though | C.otherwise | D.rather |
A.hang out | B.turn over | C.show off | D.slip away |
A.Besides | B.Against | C.Despite | D.Beyond |
A.prevented | B.witnessed | C.suggested | D.imagined |
A.determined | B.struggled | C.desired | D.hesitated |
A.ended up | B.ran away | C.set off | D.turned out |
A.Disappointed | B.Relieved | C.Excited | D.Surprised |
A.confusion | B.embarrassment | C.eagerness | D.anger |
A.deal | B.matter | C.problem | D.mistake |
A.ease | B.increase | C.defeat | D.break |
A.held back | B.gave in | C.broke down | D.opened up |
A.helplessly | B.hopefully | C.desperately | D.thoroughly |
A.routine | B.meeting | C.experience | D.recreation |
A.temporary | B.consistent | C.subsequent | D.prosperous |
A.captured | B.seized | C.earned | D.found |
A.went along | B.started off | C.gave out | D.carried on |
3 . How many times have you found yourself in conversations with friends, family members or loved ones and discovered that you had completely tuned out to what they were saying? How much of our attention are we truly giving to the people who are supposed to be important to us?
According to research cited by Wright State University, while most people believe they are good listeners who don’t need to improve their listening skills, the average person only listens at about 25 percent efficiency.
So why aren’t we better listeners? As a society, we may be growing more narcissistic (自我陶醉的). A 2007 study found a rise in self-centeredness and narcissism among college students. If we, as a culture, are becoming more self-centered, how can we, as individuals, work to become more caring and compassionate communicators?
We can begin by changing our attitudes toward conversations. As Stephen R. Covey wrote in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change, “Most people do not listen with the intent to understand but to reply.” A dialogue is an opportunity to learn, to see things from a new perspective, to open your eyes to new information and possibilities. Yet, too often we engage in conversation as if it’s a debate. We speak to hear our own voices — our own pre-existing opinions. In doing so, we tend to space out when spoken to. We wait, perhaps even patiently or politely, for the other person to finish, so we can say something we feel is of value.
Playwright Wilson Mizner said, “A good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while, he knows something.” Listening doesn’t just expand our knowledge on an intellectual level; it enables us to have a more personal, in-depth understanding of our closest friends. Relationships are truly enriched by an equal back-and-forth exchange in communication. When these dynamics become more one-sided, we tend to lose interest and create distance in our friendships, with less trust established, less honesty exchanged.
Thankfully, we can all improve our listening skills. Maybe we aren’t as good a listener as we believe. Do we tend to focus too much on ourselves — both in positive and negative ways? Do we get distracted by an inner coach, rather than living in the moment and really engaging in what’s being said? As we learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds, we can start to open ourselves up to others, becoming better listeners, thinkers, lovers and friends.
1. What is the author’s purpose in showing the social phenomena in Paragraph 1?A.To show most people are confident about their listening skills. |
B.To express his concerns about people’s lack of attention when talking. |
C.To introduce the fact that people have low efficiency of listening in life. |
D.To provide some information about how people behave in conversation. |
A.To prove college students have become more self-cenfered and narcissistic over time. |
B.To show the belief in people’s listening skills is outdated and needs to be updated. |
C.To provide an example of how society’s narcissism affects personal relationships. |
D.To support the argument that society is becoming more self-centered and narcissistic. |
A.People should listen to learn and see things from a new perspective. |
B.A good listener is popular but does not necessarily know everything. |
C.Most people listen with the intention to understand, not to reply. |
D.We should speak to hear our own voices and pre-existing opinions. |
A.Become focused. | B.Feel confused. |
C.Be absent-minded. | D.Remain anxious. |
A.The Decline of Listening in Modern Society |
B.Improving Listening Skills for Better Relationships |
C.The Impact of Narcissism on Social Communication |
D.Why We Should Listen More and Speak Less |
4 . William Lindesay, a famous Great Wall expert and conservationist, and his wife Wu Qi have traveled the globe, providing their sons with a unique growing environment. Sun hats, backpacks and sneakers (运动鞋) — these are the day-to-day must-haves for the family.
Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert, a 53-kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one-day climb to three English mountaintops and a six-day train ride from Beijing to Moscow.
Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not. Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel and eschew pricey hotels and restaurants when possible. Lindesay mentions the trip to Moscow as an example. Instead of taking a taxi from the railway station to the hotel, they took the subway. “We crossed the city for saving money, communicated with local people, and saw they were people just like us. We arrived at our destination feeling comfortable.”
However, their journeys, which can last weeks or months, have sometimes been inconsistent with their children's schooling. Wu remembers once Lindesay let their elder son ask for leave so that they could go to New York for a 45-day lecture tour. Therefore the son missed his final exam. Things like that bother the family all the time.
Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom, saying that children might score well on school tests, but traveling outside, in distant lands with different languages, cultures and political structures, is the real test. “You can only get streetwise on the street. You can only get worldly-wise when seeing the world,” he says.
1. How can we describe the Lindesays'trips?A.Pleasant. | B.Challenging. | C.Conventional. | D.Dangerous. |
A.Avoid. | B.Visit. | C.Compare. | D.Evaluate. |
A.They suffer from a tight budget. | B.They have scheduling conflicts. |
C.They are faced with language barriers. | D.They hold different educational ideas. |
A.Toughness is the best assistant of will. | B.There is no royal road to learning. |
C.Actions speak louder than words. | D.Man who travels far knows more. |
5 . Cassandra Warren was in a rush and feeling a little overwhelmed with work and planning her wedding. As she was getting invitation for her wedding in the mail one day, she addressed one to her aunt and uncle in Eugene, Oregon, about 20 minutes from where she lived.
A week later, the invitation came back. She had mistakenly written down the wrong address. A handwritten note was written on the return envelope: “I wish I knew you —this is going to be a blast. Congratulations — go and have dinner on me. I’ve been married for 40 years—it gets better with age.” A $20 bill was put inside.
Cassandra was at a bit of a professional crossroads and had been having a tough day. In fact, she’d been complaining to her fiance, Jesse Jone, about her frustrations just as she opened the misdirected envelope. Then she read the note.
“It was kind of prefect timing,” said Cassandra, who worked as a nanny. “I was really grateful for it.”
And the magic envelope wasn’t finished with its surprises. Cassandra looked closer and saw that the person had written “Live long and prosper” on the envelop, a nod to Star Trek (《星际迷航》).
“We’re kind of Star Trek fans,” she said.
Cassandra, 26, and Jesse, 24, had no idea who the mystery note writer was. But they figured the Star Trek reference was because the person noticed the corner of their invitation, which had both a Star War sword and a Harry Potter wand (魔杖).
“She assumed we’d understand her message,” Cassandra said, “Which we did.”
Cassandra, who was a counselor (顾问) for families with autistic children, went out to dinner the following night with a friend who was going overseas with military. They happily put the $20 toward their bill.
Then Cassandra stopped by a store and bought another card — a thank-you card. She wrote her aunt and uncle’s incorrect address on the envelope again -- this time on purpose —and addressed it to “Kind Stranger”.
Inside, she wrote, “Thank you for the note and taking the time to send it. Not many people would have done that. It was a big blessing after the day I was having. I am thankful for people like you still being in the world.” Don’t miss other real-life acts of kindness like this one that will warm your heart.
1. In writing the first paragraph, the author intends to _______.A.indicate how occupied Cassandra Warren was |
B.suggest Cassandra Warren shouldn’t invite strangers |
C.remind people to carefully prepare for weddings |
D.tell people how the story happened by accident |
A.To show her appreciation for the wedding invitation. |
B.To express her best wishes for the couple’s future. |
C.To connect with the couple over a shared interest. |
D.To give a hint about who she really was. |
A.Cassandra didn’t quite understand the mystory note |
B.Cassandra was greatly touched by the stranger’s reply |
C.Cassandra wrote her aunt and uncle a thank-you card |
D.Cassandra was once an autistic patient of her fiancé |
A.It added to her pleasure. | B.It made her confused. |
C.It lifted her spirits. | D.It inspired her to do the same. |
A.Amusing and light-hearted. | B.Emotional and appreciative. |
C.Informative and factual. | D.Critical and skeptical. |
6 . Fancy spending your summer break improving your skills and preparing for your first job? We have gathered the best summer programs in Singapore in recent years. Now you will be able to narrow down your choices and make a decision.
StandOut Global Summer Program
At StandOut Summer School, one of your missions will be to work as an intern (实习生) with leaders in the business world who have plenty of years of experience in the field. Through this program, you can boost your knowledge by interacting with experts in fields like digital marketing, entrepreneurship (创业), investment, etc. Wherever you come from, the school will welcome you in their all-inclusive program.
NTU Summer School Program
Nanyang Technological University will take you on a unique experience in their summer camp. In NTU`s summer school, you will be able to enjoy your favorite business track out of five different options, Each track will lead you to an internship at. a top-ranked company lasting from 3 weeks to 2 months.
NUS Summer School
The National University of Singapore offers one of the leading summer camps in Singapore. The program is designed for students who are from its partner universities located all around the world. With passion as one of the university’s core values, the NUS Summer School guarantees continuous development for its students.
Singapore Management University Global Summer Program
With its third Global Summer Program starting in July, Singapore Management University offers international students an unforgettable opportunity: 4 weeks of learning in Singapore, with a week spent overseas in another Asian city to merge in an unmatched experience.
Get in touch with us to get all your questions about global summer programs answered!
1. How can students learn more about business in StandOut Global Summer Program?A.By being an intern at a top-ranked company. |
B.By working with experienced businessmen. |
C.By participating in one’s favorite business track. |
D.By interacting with professors in related fields. |
A.Both help students start their own business. |
B.Both invite experts to guide students. |
C.Both expand students’ knowledge in business. |
D.Both offer students internships at top-ranked companies. |
A.It is open to students from all over the world. |
B.It focuses on digital marketing and entrepreneurship. |
C.It is only for students from its cooperation universities. |
D.It is designed for students seeking overall development. |
A.Internship opportunities in European cities. |
B.Inclusion of outdoor adventure activities. |
C.A week spent learning in an Asian city outside Singapore. |
D.Scholarship opportunities for students from developing countries. |
A.a university website | B.a business magazine |
C.a corporate brochure | D.an overseas study guide |
7 . Have you ever heard of “children of the stars”? It might sound mysterious, but the expression refers to children with autism (自闭症). World Autism Awareness Day falls on April 2. It was initiated by the United Nations to raise awareness and promote acceptance of people with autism.
According to the US-based Autism Research Institute, autism is a disorder with symptoms (症状) that appear within the first three years of life. The condition is believed to involve deficits (缺陷) in social communication and interaction as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities.
Meng Lingdi, whose daughter was diagnosed (诊断) with autism at 2 years old, shared that her daughter wouldn’t pay attention to her when Meng asked her to do something. “She made less eye contact with people compared to other kids,” Meng added.
Children with autism also suffer from physical pain. “Many children with autism experience epilepsy (癫痫) due to differences in brain activity,” said Sun Zhongkai at Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for Autism. Epilepsy among people with autism becomes even more prevalent (普遍的) starting from adolescence (青春期), he added.
At present, the precise cause of autism remains unknown, but research indicates that it is likely a result of a mix of developmental, genetic (遗传的), and environmental factors.
“According to our statistics, older parents are more likely to have autistic children than younger parents,” said Sun. “If the first child in a family has autism, the chances of subsequent children also having autism are about 10 times higher than in families where the first child is not autistic. The likelihood of identical twins both having autism is also significant.”
Although autism is a lifelong condition, there are various treatments available. According to Liu Wei, a teacher at the institute with 20 years of experience in teaching people with autism, it is crucial not to view people with autism with a sense of strangeness. Affirmations (肯定) from others will make them feel proud, enabling them to interact with others more effectively. For those close to autism sufferers, such as friends or family, it’s useful to establish certain principles for the individual, such as what is permissible and what is not. They should also have a deep understanding of autism and how to deal with it, which, for children with autism, may “benefit them for a lifetime,” said Sun.
1. What is the purpose of the World Autism Awareness Day’s foundation?A.To make people with autism easier to get various treatments. |
B.To arouse people’s attention to autism and make people with autism easier to be accepted. |
C.To make people with autism have a deep understanding of autism. |
D.To enable people with autism to interact with others more effectively. |
A.High anxiety. | B.Sleeping disorders. |
C.Communication difficulties. | D.Exceptional athletic skills. |
A.They are more active physically. | B.They exhibit heightened sensitivity. |
C.Their condition worsens with age. | D.Their brain functions unusually. |
A.Gender of the child. | B.Age of the parents. |
C.Education of the parents. | D.Environmental pollution. |
A.Offer encouragement and support. | B.Communicate our ideas clearly to them. |
C.Be as generous as possible. | D.Allow freedom in their choices. |
8 . The New Year was heartbreaking for Melanie Lee. A few weeks earlier, her 33-year-old son had
“When it
Eliot Middleton, 38, the owner of a barbecue restaurant and a former auto mechanic who, in his free time,
“I had no idea what was going on,” said Lee. “He
The
It’s a list of names that grow daily.
“People think Middleton is a good man,” Lee’s nephew said. “And I do too.”
1.A.survived | B.lost | C.won | D.faced |
A.kept | B.finished | C.began | D.stopped |
A.broke down | B.broke away | C.broke up | D.broke off |
A.daughter | B.nephew | C.son | D.grandchild |
A.calm | B.generous | C.brilliant | D.active |
A.repairs | B.rents | C.paints | D.decorates |
A.surroundings | B.position | C.situation | D.factors |
A.prize | B.gift | C.honor | D.souvenir |
A.bought | B.showed | C.fetched | D.handed |
A.pick up | B.pick out | C.take up | D.take out |
A.belief | B.property | C.investment | D.freedom |
A.rule | B.suggestion | C.idea | D.theory |
A.food | B.clothing | C.medicine | D.music |
A.drove | B.walked | C.climbed | D.orbited |
A.Appointments | B.Cars | C.Jobs | D.Supplies |
A.restaurant | B.hospital | C.transportation | D.security |
A.posted | B.received | C.withdrew | D.refused |
A.tools | B.devices | C.machines | D.vehicles |
A.various | B.excellent | C.changeable | D.steady |
A.lent | B.donated | C.sold | D.returned |
9 . It was Christmas morning. The ground was white with
Bessie looked out of the window and saw them
Being
A.rain | B.water | C.snow | D.ash |
A.drink | B.eat | C.wear | D.make |
A.jumps | B.to jump | C.jumping | D.jumped |
A.begging for | B.living on | C.cutting up | D.looking for |
A.sorry | B.weak | C.empty | D.cold |
A.Otherwise | B.Or | C.For | D.But |
A.cake | B.box | C.tree | D.card |
A.seeds | B.flowers | C.eggs | D.sandwiches |
A.At last | B.At first | C.After all | D.Before long |
A.in | B.out | C.away | D.past |
A.noodles | B.presents | C.medals | D.coats |
A.thanks | B.calls | C.congratulations | D.hopes |
A.nervous | B.honest | C.thankful | D.glad |
A.little | B.either | C.both | D.all |
A.if | B.before | C.unless | D.though |
10 . Eating out is such a pleasure-the food, the wine, the joy of having it all brought to you by someone else — that it’s a pity to ruin the experience by sharing it with other people.
Well, I do like visiting restaurants with friends. But dining out alone has its own very special attractions. For a start you can give all your attention to the food. There’s nothing worse than having to invent and deliver an opinion on school league tables or Sanchez’s move to Manchester United, plus listen to everyone else’s opinions, when all you really want to do is enjoy each mouthful along the way.
A second great thing about eating out alone is the chance to combine food with one of life’s other true pleasures: reading. You have to plan this carefully: Indian or Chinese restaurants are best—you need food you can eat with just one hand, leaving the other free to hold your reading material.
But perhaps the biggest attraction of a table for one is the chance it gives to people- watching. Restaurants and the different reasons for visiting them-first date, business meeting, night out with friends-produce human behaviour of surprising richness and variety. Will the man selling his business idea get any joy out of his possible investor (投资者)? Will the married couple think of anything to say to each other before their main courses arrive?
This “human zoo” part of eating out alone is one of the reasons I’d hate to be famous: everyone would be watching you, so you wouldn’t be able to watch them. The snooker player Steve Davis says this was one of the strangest consequences of becoming well-known: he got very worried about his eating in public, almost to the level of doubting whether he was “doing it right.”
So next time you’re considering your eating out choices, remember the advice of the businessman Nubar Gulbenkian: “The best number for a dinner party is two — myself and a super head waiter.”
1. What does the text mainly talk about?A.The reasons for eating out alone. | B.The trouble with eating in public. |
C.The suggestions about dining out. | D.The fear of making dining choices. |
A.One can fix one’s eyes on the food. |
B.One can enjoy reading while eating. |
C.One is likely to come across famous people. |
D.One is given the chance to watch other diners. |
A.Steve Davis cared too much about table manners. |
B.Famous people are always the center of attention. |
C.Being famous may ruin the joy of eating out alone. |
D.Being watched seems far better than watching others. |
A.reasons | B.results | C.causes | D.advantages |
A.Dining with friends. | B.Chatting over dinner. |
C.Having a table for one. | D.Sharing a table with a waiter. |