1 . As a kid, Joanna Buckley wasn’t interested in science—until she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set as a gift.
“Over the course of a few weeks, I’d completed every experiment. But in the process, I polluted my parent’s dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner,” she says.
Now science is Buckley’s job. She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realize, firsthand, how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is so great, ” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science appears.
Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley’s at-home experiments. That’s because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers.
“Compared with a oneoff experiment, what’s cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose,” says Amy Prunuske, who teaches microbiology and immunology at a medical college. “Students want to do a good job, because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”
Jennifer Long’s job is to coordinate (协调) education and outreach. She agrees with Prunuske. “Kids like that it’s real. And they like that it’s important, and that it matters.” Citizen science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster (星系团). Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And one of the first citizen science projects helped scientists learn where monarch butterflies go every winter.
Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. They hope that fun, exciting citizen science projects can help them keep engaged, Long says. And she has some evidence that it’s working. “Last year, we did have a couple of students say, ‘I really think I want to be a scientist now’. ”
1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?| A．To show experiments can make teens interested in science. |
| B．To prove failure is the mother of success in science. |
| C．To state that Buckley has a talent for science. |
| D．To praise Buckley for her strong will. |
| A．It needs to seek for new solutions. | B．It carries out experiments frequently. |
| C．It must carry out experiments in groups. | D．It is supposed to handle complex problems. |
| A．She participated in the experiment. | B．She took pride in what students took up. |
| C．Citizen science is popular with students. | D．Scientists are willing to employ students. |
| A．Concerned. | B．Supportive. | C．Doubtful. | D．Unclear. |
2 . A little girl created a perfect gift for her mother’s birthday. It was a drawing of a
For most people, that would be the
“I was sitting at my friend’s house and saw a man’s
The comments included one from Robert Alvarado. He wrote, “I can’t
“Eventually the letter made it home,” said Alvarado. “We are
| A．bird | B．card | C．cake | D．flower |
| A．received | B．destroyed | C．lost | D．posted |
| A．end | B．part | C．influence | D．cause |
| A．promised | B．invited | C．seen | D．called |
| A．paper | B．cash | C．bag | D．tool |
| A．proved | B．explained | C．realised | D．admitted |
| A．satisfied | B．frightened | C．shocked | D．touched |
| A．start | B．continue | C．brighten | D．ruin |
| A．obviously | B．extremely | C．especially | D．probably |
| A．photograph | B．arrival | C．conclusion | D．reply |
| A．forget | B．believe | C．understand | D．pretend |
| A．read | B．present | C．return | D．publish |
| A．ready | B．grateful | C．responsible | D．anxious |
| A．little | B．certain | C．useless | D．extra |
| A．general | B．beneficial | C．lasting | D．reasonable |
3 . The majority of Britons are educated in state schools, making up around 60% of those admitted to Oxford and Cambridge in 2013. Admissions at other leading universities were also weighted towards teenagers educated privately.
Then began a quiet revolution. The number of state-schooled pupils getting Oxbridge places has risen yearly; the number from private schools has fallen. The Russell Group of 24 leading universities says its members aim to admit more students from disadvantaged backgrounds.
A few things lie behind this change. The government has given cash to universities to reach underrepresented students and, since 2018, required them to publish plans showing how they are doing this. One report in 2018 showed that eight schools, six of which were private, accounted for more Oxbridge places than 2,900 other secondary schools combined.
Teach First, a scheme that sends clever graduates into tough schools for a couple of years, has also helped raise pupils, eagerness. It began in London, where the highest- performing state schools are concentrated.
All this has fueled a joint effort by schools and universities to make pupils consider the distinguished universities. For those state-school kids getting into top universities, extra help is needed. “You need to provide extra tutoring in the first year,” says Professor Smith from Oxford, who made efforts to admit state-school students before it became fashionable. She says they often do worse in exams at the end of the first year, but clean up in final exams.
That would seem to rebut one of the criticisms made of universities’ efforts to correct the state-private imbalance: that letting in more state-school students means standards will slip. “If you bring in people with diverse experiences and ways of thinking, who challenge one another’s assumptions, it promotes intellectual creativity and academic success,” says Helen, the principal of Mansfield College, Oxford.
“All this adds up to an important change,” says Lawrence. “Increasing numbers of state-school children are applying to universities in America and getting full scholarships.”
1. What was the quiet revolution?| A．Admitting more poor students into top universities. |
| B．Getting state schools to cooperate with top universities. |
| C．Letting less private-school students into universities. |
| D．Having private schools take poor-background students. |
| A．State schools should promote their students’ academic reports. |
| B．Oxford and Cambridge preferred graduates from private schools. |
| C．Students in Oxbridge place high standard for their aims in life. |
| D．Oxbridge had a stricter admission standard than other universities. |
| A．They get academic help from Teach First. |
| B．They become top students in a few years. |
| C．They need extra tutoring in the first term. |
| D．They are inspirations for other students. |
| A．Support. | B．Expose. | C．Improve. | D．Oppose. |
4 . "How do you account for your remarkable accomplishment in Queen Victoria of the UK asked Helen Keller. "How do you explain the fact that even though you were both blind and deaf you were able to accomplish so much?"
Ms. Keller's answer is a tribute (致敬) to her dedicated teacher. "If it had not been for Anne Sullivan, the name of Helen Keller would have remained unknown.”
According to speaker Zig Ziglar, "Little Annie" Sullivan, as she was called when she was young, was no stranger to hardship. She was almost sightless herself and was, at one time, diagnosed as hopelessly "insane" by her caregivers. She was locked in the basement of a mental institution outside of Boston. On occasion, Little Annie would violently attack anyone who came near. Most of the time she generally ignored everyone in her presence.
An elderly nurse believed there was hope, however, and she made it her mission to show love to the child. Every day she visited Little Annie. For the most part, the child did not acknowledge the nursed presence, but she still continued to visit. The kind woman left cookies for her and spoke words of love and encouragement. She believed Little Annie could recover, if only she were shown love.
Eventually, doctors noticed the change in the girl. Where they once witnessed anger and hatred, they now noted a gentleness and love. They moved her upstairs where she continued to improve. Then the day finally came when this seemingly "hopeless'' child was released.
Anne Sullivan grew into a young woman with a desire to help others as she herself was helped by the kind nurse. It was she who saw the great potential in Helen Keller. She loved her, disciplined her, played with her, pushed her and worked with her until the flickering candle that was her life became a beacon of light to the world. Anne Sullivan worked wonders in Helen's life; but it was a loving nurse who first believed in Little Annie and lovingly transformed an uncommunicative child into a compassionate teacher.
“If it had not been for Anne Sullivan, the name of Helen Keller would have remained unknown." But if it had not been for a kind and dedicated nurse, the name of Anne Sullivan would have remained unknown.
1. The dialogue between Queen Victoria and Helen Keller is mentioned mainly to .| A．show a deep admiration for Helen Keller |
| B．prove that Helen Keller made a great contribution |
| C．begin telling the story of Helen Keller teacher Anne Sullivan |
| D．get the reader interested in how Helen Keller achieved so much |
| A．Sullivan had a strange disease. |
| B．Almost everyone ignored Sullivan. |
| C．Sullivan was kept away from her parents. |
| D．Sullivan was believed to have a mental problem. |
| A．Sullivan liked the nurse from the very beginning. |
| B．Sullivan experienced firsthand how terrible the life of a deaf child was. |
| C．The elderly nurse had no doubt that Sullivan would be a great teacher. |
| D．Without the nurse, Sullivan couldn't have helped Helen Keller later. |
| A．The Power of Love |
| B．Making a Difference |
| C．The Secret to Being a Good Teacher |
| D．Similarities Between Anne and Helen |
5 . Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth’s plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck , but the plates keep moving.Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move, causing an earthquake.
Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don’t really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves (地震波). They are most powerful at the center of the earthquake, but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.
To tell the strength of an earthquake, scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter Scale). The larger the number on the MMS, the larger the earthquake. You usually won’t even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS.Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:
4.0—Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice.
5.0—If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle(发出嘎嘎声). Windows may break.
6.0—Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the center will feel this one.
7.0—Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
8.0—Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up—Whole cities flattened and largescale damage.
1. If a 5.0 magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen?| A．Your house might shake violently. |
| B．People might feel no shaking at all. |
| C．The family photo may fall off the wall. |
| D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street. |
| A．It’s still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes. |
| B．Scientists can’t exactly measure the strength of an earthquake. |
| C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong. |
| D．The earthquake won’t cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS. |
| A．By listing examples. |
| B．By giving explanations. |
| C．By making comparisons. |
| D．By offering data. |
| A．To enrich people’s knowledge of selfrescue in disasters. |
| B．To stress the importance of earthquake rescue. |
| C．To issue early warnings before an earthquake. |
| D．To present facts about the earthquake. |
6 . Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.
Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1, 500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use email to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fastfood restaurant or under the trees — anywhere at all!
Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State highereducation officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.
At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”
1. The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to ________.| A．use for their schoolwork |
| B．access the Internet |
| C．work at home |
| D．connect them to libraries |
| A．All teachers use computers. |
| B．1, 500 students have laptops. |
| C．It is an old college in America. |
| D．Students there can do everything. |
| A．attend lectures on information technology |
| B．travel around the world |
| C．get information from around the world |
| D．have free laptops |
| A．The program is successful. |
| B．The program is not workable. |
| C．The program is too expensive. |
| D．We don’t know the result yet. |
7 . Can you imagine that you can save your own life during a heart attack by coughing? Let’s see how.
A heart attack can happen to anyone. Let’s say it’s 4:17 p.m. and you’re driving home (alone of course) after an unusually hard day on the job. Not only was the workload extremely heavy, but you also had a disagreement with your boss, and no matter how hard you tried, he just wouldn’t see your side of the situation. You’re really upset and the more you think about it, the more nervous you become.
All of a sudden you start experiencing severe pain in your chest that starts to spread out into your arm and up to your jaw. You are only about five miles from the hospital nearest your home, but unfortunately you don’t know if you’ll be able to make it that far.
What can you do? You’ve been trained in CPR but the guy who taught the course didn’t tell you how to perform it on yourself.
Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack, this article seems in order. Without help the person whose heart stops beating properly and who begins to feel faint has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness. However, these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very powerfully. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and last long, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest. A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without stopping until help arrives, or until the heart feels to be beating normally again. Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating.
The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. In this way, heart attack victims can get to a phone and, between breaths, call for help.
Now, do you understand the whole matter? Tell as many other people as possible about this. It could save their lives!
1. According to the passage, CPR is most probably something done to .| A．regain someone’s breath and heart beat | B．help someone treat a heart attack by himself |
| C．teach people how to stay in good state | D．train people how to stay calm when facing dangers |
| A．to relax the heart | B．to get oxygen into the lungs |
| C．to keep the blood circulating | D．to reduce the pain in the chest |
| A．a long day’s work usually results in heart attacks |
| B．not only the chest aches when one suffers a heart attack |
| C．people should attend a CPR course to survive heart attacks |
| D．one should cough loudly immediately when one’s chest aches |
| A．Health Care. | B．Advertisement. | C．Family. | D．Teaching. |
8 . How we respond to hardships, varies from person to person. There are those who turn their hardships into a power for
In his book The Second Mountain, David Brooks tells the story of Sarah Adkins who went through a
Recently, a colleague of mine
Actually, what really
| A．fun | B．good | C．success | D．business |
| A．crazy | B．funny | C．strange | D．sad |
| A．learn | B．prepare | C．recover | D．understand |
| A．evidence | B．power | C．right | D．excuse |
| A．afford | B．imagine | C．avoid | D．provide |
| A．additionally | B．eventually | C．surprisingly | D．thankfully |
| A．so | B．and | C．but | D．or |
| A．general | B．terrible | C．different | D．awkward |
| A．shared | B．suspected | C．guessed | D．analyzed |
| A．embarrassed | B．touched | C．puzzled | D．inspired |
| A．method | B．determination | C．plan | D．chance |
| A．changes | B．needs | C．exists | D．matters |
| A．take steps | B．take responsibility | C．take control | D．take risks |
| A．feel | B．cause | C．stop | D．find |
| A．examination | B．experience | C．failure | D．disease |
9 . I woke up by my dog barking in the early morning. I went outside to find a koala(考拉) at the yard gate wanting to enter. It was the first time that I had
I was wondering why he was here, as koala
He just sat there, apparently
I rushed into my room and came out with some iodophor(碘伏药水). It was not a
After the treatment, I watched the koala finally
| A．caught | B．met | C．bought | D．killed |
| A．chance | B．relief | C．surprise | D．message |
| A．frequently | B．slightly | C．mostly | D．rarely |
| A．some | B．many | C．two | D．no |
| A．pursued | B．drove | C．followed | D．cast |
| A．in pain | B．in order | C．in comfort | D．in relief |
| A．quick | B．close | C．eager | D．anxious |
| A．features | B．symbols | C．signs | D．series |
| A．crucial | B．small | C．distinct | D．tricky |
| A．ignore | B．answer | C．understand | D．anticipate |
| A．touched | B．felt | C．tapped | D．treated |
| A．appealed to | B．referred to | C．occurred to | D．applied to |
| A．help | B．advice | C．approval | D．fortune |
| A．exploring | B．rushing | C．jogging | D．disappearing |
| A．experience | B．survive | C．escape | D．have |
10 . The only thing better than receiving a book is getting one delivered by a horse. Caitlin Gooch，the founder of Saddle Up and Read(SUAR)，literally saddles(跨上马鞍)up onto one of her family's horses and visits primary schools, libraries and youth groups to encourage students to read. The nonprofit in Wendell，North Carolina，also organizes book drives and school-wide reading competitions.
Along-with her five brothers and sisters, Gooch grew up on a family farm owned by her father. Although he worked as a used car salesman，he built a race track on their 87-acrefarm, where he hosted races. Gooch said she grew up around 80 horses and felt blessed to have grown up with them.
In 2017, Gooch，who had been working at daycare centers and youth groups，noticed that some of the younger children struggled to read. She decided to work with a local library. Any student who checked out more than three books would be entered into a prize draw. Five names would be selected out of the draw and each received a trip to visit the horses on the Gooch family farm.
It was a hit. Gooch expanded her services by creating her nonprofit，SUAR. When Gooch shared her organization's story on Twitter, it reached over 70,000 likes in a week. She even got a shout out from Oprah Winfrey，a famous talk show hostess. She's raised over $ 20,000 from supporters across the world. “Now that it's sort of, all eyes on me，there's definitely an opportunity to do something more,” Gooch said.
Gooch isn't just encouraging children to read more. She's also showing them that horseback riders can look like her. Online，she's often referred to as the “Black Cowgirl”. “It feels amazing to be that kind of representation,” Gooch said.
1. Why does Gooch deliver books on horseback?| A．To deliver books quickly. |
| B．To promote family business. |
| C．To get students into reading. |
| D．To advertise her organization. |
| A．Hold reading competitions. |
| B．Work with the youth groups. |
| C．Donate books to a local library. |
| D．Organize visits to the family farm. |
| A．It is well received. |
| B．It has made a big profit. |
| C．It needs further expansion. |
| D．It was criticized by Oprah. |
| A．Honest. | B．Inspiring. | C．Brave. | D．Patient |
