1 . In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.
Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.
What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children in early adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.
Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must follow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.
Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.
Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.
1. According to the passage, education technology can ________.| A．decrease teachers’ working load |
| B．facilitate personalized learning |
| C．help standardize curriculums |
| D．be loved by schoolchildren |
| A．The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative. |
| B．Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones. |
| C．Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays. |
| D．Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine. |
| A．at the service of teaching |
| B．limited in use among pupils |
| C．aimed at narrowing the wealth gap |
| D．in line with students’ learning styles |
| A．To stress the importance of edtech. |
| B．To introduce the application of edtech. |
| C．To discuss how to get the best out of edtech. |
| D．To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech. |
2 . Natural. High quality. Unique.
That's Almased.
 Selected ingredients (原料), an exceptional mix and production process: that's how we create the unique Almased effect. ➢Combination of ingredients that's more effective than individual nutrients (营养物质). ➢No artificial flavourings, fillers or sweeteners. ➢Supports fat-burning during digestion. ➢Supports resistance to common diseases. |
Many products promise what only Almased can deliver. In order to achieve the unique Almased effect, it takes more than just mixing soy, yogurt and honey. The recipe for our Almased powder is as simple as it is unique: high-quality and natural soy, honey and yogurt. SOY｜The high-quality non-GMO soy (非转基因大豆) used in Almased is an environmentally friendly, sustainable source of plant protein. A single serving of Almased supplies 27 grams of protein. HONEY｜Unlike most regular honey, which is heat-treated, the raw honey in Almased is bursting with freshness even after it is canned. The honey's natural ingredients are still living and active when you open the can. YOGURT｜Cows that are naturally fed can even in turn encourage grass growth. This is why Almased sources its milk and yogurt from happy cows in Ireland and northern Germany, where they live in green grasslands. Being a natural product, Almased has a very plain taste and can be prepared in many different ways. Whether you like it sweet or fruity, there are no limits to how you flavour it. This ensures Almased doesn't get boring and suits your personal taste perfectly. So quick and easy to prepare, Almased can be fitted into your daily routine with ease. |
| A．its nutrients are easier to absorb | B．it can help burn fat |
| C．secret ingredients are included | D．it cures common diseases |
| A．It manages to mix different ingredients together. |
| B．Selected ingredients can stay fresh as ever. |
| C．Soy, yogurt and honey are specially treated. |
| D．Superior natural materials generate uniqueness. |
| A．Almased can replace our regular routine diet. |
| B．It's hard to make Almased appeal to everyone. |
| C．There seem various ways of serving Almased. |
| D．Almased has just the same taste as plain yogurt. |
3 . Many nursing homes all over the world are locked down to protect their residents from the COVID-19. Group-f is a
Bosch realized he could put the cranes to good use. Ever since, he has been
Eve Putseys came to see her 88-year-old aunt, who lives in La Cambre, a nursing home. Before she
Officials at La Cambre helped organize the crane-operated
| A．travel | B．design | C．building | D．cleaning |
| A．slowed down | B．broke out | C．fell back | D．knocked down |
| A．unpacked | B．unnoticed | C．unused | D．untouched |
| A．platform | B．ground | C．window | D．crane |
| A．secretly | B．proudly | C．cautiously | D．tearfully |
| A．chance | B．idea | C．dream | D．memory |
| A．hiring | B．sending | C．employing | D．accompanying |
| A．stand on | B．set up | C．return to | D．head for |
| A．got | B．selected | C．landed | D．exchanged |
| A．determined | B．willing | C．amused | D．able |
| A．smiling | B．moving | C．worrying | D．waiting |
| A．voyage | B．visit | C．tour | D．adventure |
| A．unnecessary | B．natural | C．practical | D．skeptical |
| A．anticipates | B．responds | C．acknowledges | D．realizes |
| A．anxieties | B．promises | C．excuses | D．regrets |
4 . On the night of 14th June 1904, New York’s Chinatown was in a deep gloom (低迷). For the past 20 years, the restaurants were filled with those crazy about a taste of real Chinese cooking “chop suey”. But suddenly, all that seemed at risk. A few days earlier, a chef named Lem Sen had arrived, saying he had invented it a decade before while working at a restaurant in San Francisco. His recipe had been stolen by an American diner to make money. Through his lawyer, he demanded restaurants pay him for using his recipe.
Chop suey was first mentioned by Chinese-American journalist Wang Chin Foo in a list of common dishes he thought most attractive to Western tastes. As he explained, “each Chinese cook has his own recipe. The main parts are pork, bacon, chicken, mushroom, bamboo shoots, onion, and pepper, while accidental ones are duck, beef, salted black beans etc. Yet it is often considered by Westerners that this is a ‘national dish of China’ more than any other dish they’ve known.”
Although a hyperbolic way to introduce this dish, it clearly showed that chop suey was indeed of Chinese origin. Where exactly its roots lay has been debated; but it was probably first cooked in Taishan, Guangdong, where most early immigrants to America had grown up. In 1866, the journalist Allan Forman noticed it as a delicious dish despite its “mysterious nature”, and nine years later, the first recipe appeared in magazines, with some un-Chinese ingredients thrown in.
It was not long before a myth making began. In 1896, Li Hongzhang visited New York, and newspapers mistakenly reported that while refusing Western dishes at a banquet (宴会), he had enthusiastically accepted a plate of chop suey. This caused a great hit, and many who never heard of it before simply assumed that it was introduced to the US by Li Hongzhang, which accidentally promoted the dish’s popularity.
1. What is the purpose of a chef’s story in paragraph 1?| A．To describe food history. | B．To bring out chop suey. |
| C．To show risky business world. | D．To introduce a law case. |
| A．Fixed ingredients. | B．Its popularity overseas. |
| C．Un-Chinese nature. | D．Mixed national identities. |
| A．remarked beyond reality | B．explained in greater details |
| C．praised in something common | D．commented based on the origin |
| A．Li Hongzhang promoted this dish. | B．Its popularity was based on facts. |
| C．Mass media belonged to the root cause. | D．Public opinions voiced acceptance. |
5 . I first discovered Café Gratitude several months ago. My friend Heather invited me to
When Ryland came over to my
What a rewarding and meaningful experience! And I’ve since learned that Café Gratitude
| A．attend | B．accompany | C．involve | D．join in |
| A．looking | B．testing | C．planning | D．studying |
| A．Without | B．Despite | C．In terms of | D．Regardless of |
| A．reached | B．shook | C．clapped | D．stuck |
| A．either | B．as well as | C．also | D．too |
| A．project | B．honesty | C．friendship | D．seat |
| A．looking on | B．insisting on | C．going on | D．agreeing on |
| A．company | B．table | C．house | D．car |
| A．suitable | B．ready | C．eager | D．famous |
| A．simple | B．full | C．urgent | D．regular |
| A．hotels | B．schools | C．clubs | D．cafes |
| A．meeting | B．performance | C．act | D．vacation |
| A．practices | B．reviews | C．trains | D．concludes |
| A．explanation | B．appreciation | C．consideration | D．application |
| A．surprised | B．returned | C．led | D．held |
6 . Life affects (影响) friendships. As we grow, marry, fight in wars, move across the country or change jobs, old friendships fall away and new ones come. As long as we live, the things around us change, and as long as things change, friendships are affected.
When we were children, we had best friends. No matter what happened we were still friends. We live our lives, however, and do what life calls for us to do, and as we got older, memories are lost, faces get changed, and even friends’ names from childhood are forgotten.
Do you have a question about friendship? Do you wonder what to do with a friend who is no longer friendly? Perhaps you will see that you can’t control others. If someone wants to be your friend, it is their choice. All you can do is treat them well and do the best for them when you are with them. Then you wish them well when they leave.
You can talk to old timers and they will tell you that life is full of unbelievable joy and unbelievable sorrow, and that what bothers you today will one day becomes a memory and the pain will be gone. Seniors might tell you that you will learn more as you get older. They will tell you that friendships come and friendships go. Sometimes when they go it will hurt, but you will be okay with it. It’s the way life works, after all.
1. What can we learn about friendship, according to the text?| A．Friendship can not be easily affected by one’s family. |
| B．Friends are always around us and will never go away. |
| C．Friends in childhood are sometimes forgotten by us. |
| D．Friends in childhood are the best no matter what happens. |
| A．Care about them and do the best for them when we are together. |
| B．Forget them and make new friends who have a lot in common with us. |
| C．Find the reason why our friendship has changed. |
| D．Do our best to control them and make them listen to us. |
| A．make you have no good friends |
| B．help you have healthy understanding of friendship |
| C．remind you to always help your friends |
| D．lead you to be a powerful man |
| A．How to share happiness with friends |
| B．How to deal with unfriendly people |
| C．How to make good friends |
| D．How to face the changes in friendship |
7 . I was driving into my little town in Newlands when I blew a tyre. Fortunately almost outside our local garage, unfortunately after 5pm it was
There was a young couple sitting in the open door of their
I was so grateful, and he
Well, he fixed my wheel up lovely and I took them both home to my cottage, to a homemade
What was a pain in the trouble for all of us
| A．declined | B．fined | C．closed | D．cancelled |
| A．car | B．truck | C．home | D．room |
| A．disappointed | B．confident | C．considerate | D．guilty |
| A．center | B．foot | C．back | D．side |
| A．record | B．change | C．choice | D．use |
| A．excitedly | B．enthusiastically | C．sensitively | D．awkwardly |
| A．popped up | B．backed off | C．opened up | D．took off |
| A．raised | B．needed | C．put | D．had |
| A．looked | B．let | C．figured | D．took |
| A．fled | B．come | C．died | D．made |
| A．sleep | B．skip | C．eat | D．respond |
| A．party | B．vase | C．pond | D．meal |
| A．dropped | B．led | C．invited | D．seized |
| A．broke | B．crashed | C．turned | D．ran |
| A．shaking | B．waving | C．striking | D．helping |
8 . It was my first day of sixth grade. I looked at my schedule and saw that I had Mrs.Foxwell and this made me happy. Over the next three years, Mrs.Foxwell taught me many important things that I will never forget.
Of all of the teachers and coaches I have had in my life, Mrs.Foxwell has been my favorite leader. In her class, she taught me how to be a successful leader. She also taught me that good leaders earn everyone’s respect.
Mrs.Foxwell is one of the most respected and respectful people I know. She is always kind to everyone and she treats others the way that she wants to be treated. She taught me respect in many different ways, but mainly how to be respectful in the business world. She told me that I needed to have a firm handshake and that I should always look people in the eye when I talk to them. Mrs.Foxwell also taught me that you could earn someone’s respect by working hard to achieve your goals.
In addition to working at Brandywine Springs, Mrs.Foxwell once worked at a bank as a manager but she gave that up to teach kids how to be successful. Mrs.Foxwell told our class how she would cry because of the amount of work she had to do in very little time. She taught our class that working all night at something you don’t love is very stressful, so you should try and do something you love. In the end, she taught me that you have to keep your head high and pull through. I don’t think I have ever worked as hard in any class as I did in her class. We created our own 28-page business plan to share with her, our parents, other teachers and our classmates. Although creating a business from nothing was a lot of hard work, I really enjoyed it and learned several lessons that will help me throughout life.
I have had a lot of role models in my life, but one of the biggest is Eva Foxwell. She taught me leadership qualities, how to be respectful and why you should work hard. She changed my life for the better and I desire to be like her.
1. Mrs.Foxwell taught the writer to show respect by_________.| A．working hard to achieve goals | B．looking at people’s laces |
| C．shaking people’s hands firmly | D．greeting people with joy |
| A．used to be a bank manager | B．was a business planner |
| C．never cried while lacing difficulties | D．insisted on doing everything well |
| A．outgoing and polite | B．kind and patient |
| C．gentle and humorous | D．admirable and helpful |
| A．engineer and coworker | B．educator and role model |
| C．parent and leader | D．coach and manager |
9 . Stephen Hawking not only changed the way people thought about science, but he also changed the way people viewed
When Hawking studied at Oxford University, he had a
Luckily, he survived. However, after his diagnosis, his
Despite Hawking's poor health, he made some important scientific
It was his
| A．nature | B．disability | C．knowledge | D．space |
| A．growing | B．recovering | C．shaking | D．failing |
| A．fancy | B．request | C．preference | D．name |
| A．Therefore | B．Besides | C．However | D．Instead |
| A．unclear | B．boring | C．brief | D．incorrect |
| A．relax | B．study | C．live | D．adapt |
| A．health | B．mind | C．sight | D．memory |
| A．preparing | B．seeking | C．refusing | D．pushing |
| A．obviously | B．formally | C．accidentally | D．eventually |
| A．experiments | B．illustrations | C．achievements | D．researches |
| A．tried out | B．referred to | C．ended up | D．set up |
| A．determination | B．creativity | C．potential | D．carefulness |
| A．acceptable | B．accessible | C．suitable | D．affordable |
| A．believe in | B．leave behind | C．gather up | D．concentrate on |
| A．mourn | B．share | C．forget | D．admit |
10 . Last week I went shopping in the supermarket. I got to the front of the
I started to
An Irish lady was
I was astonished by her kindness,
By helping others, can we start the chain
| A．table | B．supermarket | C．queue | D．shelf |
| A．realized | B．knew | C．recognized | D．observed |
| A．hesitated | B．stopped | C．panicked | D．struggled |
| A．explored | B．bought | C．learned | D．delivered |
| A．by | B．under | C．on | D．with |
| A．cry | B．apologize | C．complain | D．explain |
| A．borrow | B．drop | C．follow | D．take |
| A．standing | B．supporting | C．blaming | D．shouting |
| A．turning | B．putting | C．joining | D．holding |
| A．what | B．how | C．why | D．when |
| A．card | B．fame | C．income | D．identity |
| A．abnormal | B．anxious | C．embarrassed | D．hopeless |
| A．polite | B．determined | C．excited | D．unwilling |
| A．fit in | B．get through | C．look up | D．get in touch |
| A．reaction | B．sympathy | C．satisfaction | D．relationship |
