1 . Although most games have winners and losers, the goal of sports is not to win every game. The real goals include getting exercise, having fun, and learning important social skills, like sportsmanship.

Good sportsmanship is all about respect. Good sports (有体育精神的人) respect their teammates and also their opponents. They respect their coaches, and they also respect the referees or other officials involved in their games.     1     They shout at their teammates and they talk back to coaches or referees.

Kids usually learn sportsmanship good and bad from the adults in their lives.     2     If parents and coaches show disrespect for other fans, referees, or each other, kids will likely act the same way on the field.

    3     Some of them are very basic and easy to do, like shaking hands with other players before a game. Other examples may take a little more courage, such as acknowledging a great play made by the opposing team.

Learning good sportsmanship is important because it helps you develop an attitude of graciousness (礼貌) and respect that will carry over into all the other areas of your life.     4     Being a good sport in the classroom will eventually lead to being a good sport in the workplace.

So be a good sport in whatever you do!     5     When others see you acting in a way that makes it clear that winning isn’t the most important thing, you can move on to focusing on the important things, like having fum, getting exercise, and improving your skills!

A．Good sportsmanship can be shown in many ways.

B．However, bad sportsmanship is all about disrespect.

C．Players’ parents and coaches set examples that kids tend to follow.

D．We can be good sports by encouraging others but not laughing at them.

E．Starting as a good sport earlier will help you be a good sport as you get old.

F．If you’re a good sport on the field, you’ll also likely be a good sport in the classroom.

G．The example you set can be a powerful teaching tool for others.

2 . Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,0000 or more calories per hour.

However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

A．They must run long distances.

B．They have to follow special rules.

C．They are qualified for the marathon.

D．They are good at swinging their legs.

2. What advantage dose race walking have over running?

A．It’s less challenging physically.

B．It’s more popular at the Olympics.

C．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

D．It’s more effective in body building.

3. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

A．Doing regular exercises.	B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach.	D．Getting experts’ opinions.

4. Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?

A．Objective.	B．Doubtful.
C．Tolerant.	D．Supportive.

4 . Canyoning

The sports of canyoning (蹦谷) explore the high-energy environment where water meets rock on the coast. Protected by wetsuits and helmets, people jump from cliffs and waterfalls and discover caves that would not normally be arrived at.

It was first done in the U.K. by TYF Adventure (01437 721611, www.tyf.com) and several thousand people jump from the cliffs near St David’s each year. A half day canyoning trip costs ￡50 (￡30 for children under 16).

Diving

Diving is not popular with British people. The difficulties of wild waters are greater because the water is colder and not clear enough, but the coasts of Cornwall, Wales and Scotland have some of the best diving in the world.

The British Sub Aqua Club (0870 112 9133, www.bsac.com) and the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (01580 819688, www.padi.com) run courses teaching the important skills.

Surfing

The best surfing places in the UK are on the southwest coast where it is warmer, especially in Cornwall. The best time of year to surf in the UK is late summer and autumn.

The British Surfing Association (01479 861256, www.britsurf.co.uk) has a list of famous surf schools around the country.

Rock climbing

The most popular natural rocks in Britain include the Peak District, the Lake District, while large areas of Scotland are a climber’s ideal place. Climbing courses and climbing walls can be found on the website of the British Mountaineering Council (0870 010 4878, www.thebmc.co.uk).

1. If a couple with their child of 15 join in Canyoning for a day, they will pay ________.

A．￡130

B．￡160

C．￡260

D．￡320

2. Which of the following is NOT well accepted by British people?

A．Canyoning.

B．Diving.

C．Surfing.

D．Rock climbing.

3. This passage is most probably intended for ________.

A．Visitors who want to pay a visit to Britain

B．Visitors in Britain who are keen on extreme sports

C．Chinese students who are interested in British culture

D．Travelers who are enthusiastic about camping in China

5 . It can be incredibly difficult to encourage ourselves to go for a run during winter, particularly when it’s wet and windy outside. But new research has found that even a super-quick run could have great health benefits. In fact, it seems that just a 10-minute session will not only make us feel better, but could actually improve brain health, too. Now, we all know that exercise can improve mental and physical health in many ways.

But when it comes to mental well-being, there’s been relatively little research done on the specific benefits of running, compared with other physical activities, such as cycling. So this was something put to the test during a recent study. Researchers from University of Tsukuba in Japan asked participants (参加者) to run on a treadmill (跑步机) for just 10 minutes. They then had to take a Stroop Color and Word Test which is used to measure reaction time in brain processing. Results showed there was a highest point in self-reported pleasure and an increase in degree of activity of the brain.

In other words, runners were found to have an increase in blood flow in the part of the brain that’s associated with dealing with functions and controlling mood (情绪). Researchers then compared these results to a similar study on cycling, which also showed improved cognition (认知), but no mood improvement. Therefore, it seems various types of exercise can make us feel differently.

The authors noted, “Given exercise is medicine, the effects of drugs differ depending on the type of drug, and different types of exercise such as running and cycling should be observed to have different effects on mental health and brain functions as well.”

So pushing ourselves to get outside for a run really will make us feel better, probably more than other fitness activities. And these findings show that we don’t necessarily need to do a lot of exercise to feel the benefit of it.

1. What did the new research find?

A．Running fast benefits all of us.

B．Running is the best exercise.

C．A short time run can be beneficial.

D．A healthy mind encourages us to run.

2. How did the researchers get the result?

A．By using different drugs on participants.

B．By interviewing some sportsmen.

C．By collecting information on the Internet.

D．By doing experiments and comparisons.

3. Which is related to our happiness?

A．Cycling.

B．Medicine.

C．Blood flow.

D．Colors.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．We should go for a run in winter.

B．Running really benefits us mentally.

C．We don’t need a lot of exercise.

D．Running on a treadmill is better than running outside.

8 . A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process (衰老过程). Researchers say that getting older should not necessarily mean becoming more weak or sick. Their research shows that a devotion to a life of movement and exercise may help us live not only longer, but also healthier.

For their study, the researchers looked at two groups. The first group was made up of 125 non-professional cyclists between the ages of 55 to 79. This group included 84 healthy men and 41 healthy women. We will call this group the “cyclists”.

Researchers then found 130 people to make up a second group. Within this group, 75 people were aged from 57 to 80. The other 55 were between the ages of 20 and 36. The people in this group were also healthy, but they did not exercise regularly. We will call this group the “non-exercisers”. Smokers, heavy drinkers of alcohol and people with other health issues were not included in the study.

Then, researchers gave both groups a series of tests. They tested their muscle mass (肌肉质量), muscular strength, percentage of body fat and the strength of their immune (免疫的) systems. Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.

Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes usually regarded as a normal aging process. For example, they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength. Also, their body fat did not increase with age.

The researchers also found something they had not expected. The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists did not age either.

The researchers advise us all to find an exercise that we like in our lives.

1. How did the researchers carry out the study?

A．By comparing.	B．By discussing.
C．By imagining.	D．By reasoning.

2. Which of the following is a result of the research?

A．The cyclists kept a thin body shape.

B．The non-exercisers gained weight easily.

C．The cyclists’ muscles remained strong with age.

D．The non-exercisers usually had health problems.

3. Which is an unexpected result for the researchers?

A．The cyclists had normal aging process.

B．The cyclists’ immune systems didn’t age.

C．The cyclists lost nearly all their fat.

D．Everyone needed an exercise in their lives.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Healthy People Need More Exercise

B．Take an Exercise, the Harder, the Better

C．Cycling Is the Best Way to Prevent Aging

D．A Lifetime of Exercise Slows Aging Process

9 . 阅读下面材料，填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games opening ceremony    1     (begin) at the National Stadium in Beijing on the evening of February 4, 2022. The duration of the ceremony was reduced to about 100 minutes because of the cold weather and the COVID-19.

The use of several advanced     2     (technology) such as artificial intelligence, machine vision, 5G and cloud broadcasting added to the novelty of the opening ceremony. The performances, carrying forward the theme of    3     (globe) peace and a shared future for humankind, focused     4     environmental protection, and human health and physical fitness.

    5     (reduce) the carbon footprint of the Winter Games, all the Olympic venues were run on clean energy. Also, during the preparations for the Games, all the work was done in an     6     (environmental) friendly manner. For example, about 70 percent of the materials     7     (use) in the Games were obtained through lease(租用), including new sporting equipment, furniture in the Olympic village.

In line with Beijing 2022’s concept of     8     (host) a green Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, the medal platforms were made of recyclable materials,     9     can help build a healthy social environment for China to realize     10     (it) targets of an eco-friendly society.

10 . Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing.     1     It may be mountaineering.

Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.

Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity from which men get their relaxation.

Mountaineering is a sport but not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.     2    

If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”.     3     There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams" of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.     4     His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

A mountain climber continues to improve skills year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.     5     They may need more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

A．We should be mistaken in this.

B．He has to fight the forces of nature.

C．Teams compete against each other.

D．Climbing high mountains needs patience, skills and strength.

E．Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.

F．It may be a game of some kind football, hockey, golf, or tennis.

G．But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.