3 . With the world’s attention on vaccines (疫苗), now feels like a good moment to sing the praises of an often forgotten contribution to their development. Three hundred years ago this month, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu got her daughter inoculated (接种) against smallpox, making her child the first person in the West to be protected in this way. Without Montagu’s willingness to adopt a practice she had learned from other cultures, the introduction of vaccines around 80 years later would never have taken place.

Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey in 1717. Inoculation had started in Asia, probably in China, as early as the 10th century AD. Montagu observed how older women in Turkey took a tiny amount of pus (脓) from a person with smallpox. They then used needles to make cuts on people’s wrists and ankles and added the pus to their bloodstream. This helped people gain immunity from future infection.

Like other visitors to the country, Montagu took steps to ensure that her son was inoculated in Turkey. This worked well, but she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging. Inoculation performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors’ professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income. Churchmen also disagree with the practice, as they saw it as going against nature.

Back in England, Montagu observed the increased severity of smallpox infections. Eventually, in April 1721, she decided to use the Turkish practice to have her daughter inoculated, because she believed that the rewards would outweigh the risks. After a safe time had passed following the inoculation, Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter.

Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice. About so years later, a pioneering physician found smallpox vaccines to destroy smallpox completely. As early as last century, academics argued that Montagu was no more than an enthusiastic amateur. In truth, she made a vital scientific contribution towards finding the cure for smallpox.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The origin of smallpox inoculation.

B．Montagu’s first access to inoculation.

C．The benefits from smallpox inoculation.

D．Turkish women’s invention of inoculation.

2. Montagu found it difficult to try inoculation in England because ________.

A．it was against human nature	B．it might harm doctors’ interests
C．it was beyond doctors’ abilities	D．it might shake churchmen’s belief

3. What led doctors in Britain to accept inoculation?

A．The increased severity of smallpox infections.

B．A physician’s discovery of smallpox vaccines.

C．The result of Montagu’s daughter’s inoculation.

D．Montagu’s focus on its rewards rather than its risks.

4. What might be the best title of the test?

A．An unsung hero	B．No limit to creation
C．Development of vaccines	D．A historic medical innovation

5 . With 60 miles of canals and nearly 7,000 buildings dating from the 18th century or earlier, Amsterdam is one of Europe’s best preserved cities. Here are some of our favorites.

The Concertgebouw

A free classical concert in one of the world’s greatest concert halls? Sounds too good to be true, but every Wednesday at lunchtime that’s exactly what’s on offer at the Concertgebouw. The latest series just started up again this month and will run through June. You can pick up a free ticket (one per person) on the day of the show starting at 11:30 a.m.; the concert takes place from 12:30 p.m. to 1 p.m.

Rijksmuseum Gardens

Take a walk in the beautiful formal gardens of the Rijksmuseum, which are dotted with fascinating artworks. There’s a life-size chessboard, a fountain by contemporary Danish artist Jeppe Hein, and post-war climbing frames by architect Aldo van Eyck. The gardens also host sculpture exhibitions — currently there are 21 sculptures on show by the Spanish artist Joan Miró until October 11.

The Muziektheater

This important opera, dance and music venue has free weekly lunchtime concerts by top performers on Tuesdays from 12:30 p.m. to 1 p.m. in the entrance hall, from September to May. Once or twice a month, the concert is followed by a free tour of the theatre — check the website for details.

Central Library

At the Netherlands’ biggest library, the Centrale Bibliotheek, you can read the international papers for free, and while Wi-Fi isn’t completely free, you can purchase 30 minutes for little more than a dollar by using one of the ticket machines. Upstairs on the 7th floor there is a café with a balcony that boasts wonderful city views.

1. Which one would you prefer if you have a taste for artworks?

A．The Concertgebouw.	B．The Muziektheater.
C．Rijksmuseum Gardens.	D．Central Library.

2. What can you do prior to your visit to the Muziektheater?

A．Enjoy classical music at Concertgebouw.

B．Attend the free weekly lunchtime concert.

C．Visit sculpture exhibitions of Joan Miró.

D．Take a walk in the Rijksmuseum Gardens.

3. What is special about Central Library?

A．Wi-Fi in it is free to use.

B．You can get a fantastic view of the city.

C．It is the biggest library in the world.

D．Newspapers at home and abroad are free to read.

6 . Have you ever noticed little specks (斑点) in the iris (the colored part) of your eyes? The specks, which occur in about 60% of the population, are clusters (组,族) of abnormal melanocytes (黑素细胞).Experts suspect that, like skin freckles, they may develop in response to sun exposure."We think that the pathway involved in iris freckles formation could be quite similar." Christoph Schwab, MD, wrote in an email to Health.

To investigate this theory, Dr.Schwab teamed up with other ophthalmologists (眼科医生) and dermatologists (皮肤病专家) to examine the skin and eyes of more than 600 people.Seventy-six percent of the participants possessed at least one eye freckle.They tended to be older than folks who had no eye freckles.And they were also more likely to report a high number                    of sunburns during their lifetime, and have sun-damaged skin and age spots.The researchers also noted that the participants were recruited（招募） from public swimming pools.They may have led outdoorsy lifestyles, with greater exposure to UV light than the average person.

While eye freckles themselves are usually not dangerous to health, they may serve as a warning sign for sun-related health problems, the researchers concluded."The presence of iris freckles also indicates sun damage to the skin, a risk factor for several different kinds of skin cancer.Within this context, there is certainly a need for further studies investigating the association between skin cancer and iris freckles, they wrote.

"The investigation of iris freckles in several eye diseases could lead to new knowledge regarding their pathogenesis (病原)," says Dr.Schwab.

For now, Dr.Schwab urges caution: If someone exhibits iris freckles, especially at a young age, I would reconsider current sun protection strategies."To keep your skin safe and your eyes freckle-free, remember to apply plenty of SPF even when it's cloudy, and wear shades or a hat to protect your eyes from the sun.

1. What is to blame for eye freckles?

A．Skin freckles.

B．Sun exposure.

C．Personal lifestyles.

D．Abnormal melanocytes.

2. More research on eye freckles might _______.

A．prove more population owns them	B．find out the reasons for them
C．prevent people from skin cancer	D．find the link between skin and eyes

3. What should you do to keep your eyes freckle-free?

A．Take more exercises.	B．Apply plenty of SPF.
C．Work in public swimming pool.	D．Wear shades or a hat outdoors.

4. Which section of a magazine does this text probably come from?

A．Health.

B．Society.

C．Education.

D．Technology

7 . In an economy where data is changing how companies create value — and compete — experts predict that using artificial intelligence (Al) at a larger scale will add as much as $I5.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030. As Al is changing how companies work, many believe that who does this work will change, too — and that organizations will begin to replace human employees with intelligent machines. This is already happening: intelligent systems are displacing humans in manufacturing, service delivery, recruitment, and the financial industry, consequently moving human workers towards lower-paid jobs or making them unemployed. This trend has led some to conclude that in 2040 our workforce may be totally unrecognizable.

Are humans and machine really in competition with each other though? The history of work—particularly since the Industrial Revolution—is the history of people transferring their labor to machines. While that began with rote, repetitive physical tasks like weaving, machines have evolved to the point where they can now do what we might think of as complex cognitive work, such as math equations, recognizing language and speech, and writing. Machines thus seem ready to reproduce the work of our minds, and not just our bodies. In the 21st century, Al is evolving to be superior to humans in many tasks, which makes that we seem ready to transfer our intelligence to technology. With this latest trend, it seems like there's nothing that can't soon be automated, meaning that no job is safe from being offloaded to machines.

This vision of the future of work has taken the shape of a zero-sum game, in which there can only be one winner.

We believe, however, that this view of the role Al will play in the workplace is wrong. The question of whether Al will replace human workers assumes that Al and humans have the same qualities and abilities — but, in reality, they don't. Al — based machines are fast, more accurate, and consistently rational, but they aren't intuitive, emotional, or culturally sensitive. And, it's exactly these abilities that humans possess and which make us effective.

1. How does Al influence human life according to Paragraph 1?

A．It increases huge economic costs.	B．It dominates company's future.
C．It makes workforce totally unnecessary.	D．It changes traditional working ways.

2. What point have machines evolved to today?

A．Doing repetitive work.	B．Doing physical tasks.
C．Doing translation work.	D．Doing reproducing tasks.

3. Which sides are involved in the zero-sum game?

A．Al-based machine and humans.	B．Minds and bodies.
C．Future and past.	D．Imagination and Reality.

4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．Al plays a vital role in the workplace.	B．Human has its own advantages over Al.
C．Al and humans have the same qualities.	D．Al is sure to replace humans one day.

8 . Have you ever had the feeling that you can't think when there is too much noise around? Did you ever think a fish could experience that feeling too? A recent paper published in Science titled “Soundscape(声景)of the Anthropocene Oceans”, combined over 10,000 scientific papers, confirming that undersea life knows that exact same feeling, more often than not. Anthropogenic(人为的)ocean noise, also known as underwater noise pollution, has created a dramatic impact on marine life due to “human-caused” activity within and neighboring our oceans.

Disney Pixar's animated film Finding Nemo educated us about the ocean, and specifically within the ordinary world of a clown fish. A fact many may not know is that clown fish spend the first part of their lives as larvae(幼体), drifting with the current(洋流)of the ocean until they become strong enough to swim against it. Once they are powerful and strong, they head home in sheltered coral reefs. There is only one disadvantage-the fish can't physically see the reef, but they can hear it. The only problem is, if they can't hear it, will they ever make it home?

Our anthropogenic ocean noise, such as cargo ships, ship and boat propellers, surfing, deep sea mining. etc. are causing destruction of marine life. According to Time, sound is the sensory signal that travels the farthest through the ocean. Anthropogenic noise drowns out the natural soundscapes, putting marine life under immense stress. Altogether, this stress then affects their general health, disturbs their behavior, physiology. reproduction and, in extreme cases, causes death. Marine life can adapt to noise pollution, however, only if they can escape it. This only renders further complications(困难, 问题)of straying(使偏离)species from their traditional breeding regions or separating them from their families.

Now, what if we told you there is already a solution? Multiple remedies, ideas and designs are currently in the works or already exist to get rid of and change the damage of anthropogenic ocean noise. As Time explains, from wind-powered ships to noise-reducing propellers(螺旋桨)，floating wind turbines(风力发电机)and “bubble curtains” that muffle construction noise, the solutions are already available and in some cases, cost-effective(划算的). The authors of the paper hope it will catch the attention of policymakers, who historically speaking, have ignored the mater still to this day.

Of all the challenges ocean creatures are battling, luckily sound pollution is the easiest compromise humans can make. Once the noise has decreased, marine life will be able to better manage everything else it is up against.

1. What do we know about “Soundscape of the Anthropocene Oceans”?

A．It analyses how sound travels in the ocean.

B．It discusses different types of ocean pollution.

C．It explores the effects of noise pollution on sea life.

D．It studies how sea animals communicate with each other.

2. Why did the author mention clown fish in paragraph 2?

A．To present their life cycles.

B．To show how terrible their living conditions are.

C．To introduce a famous animation about the ocean world.

D．To stress the importance of natural soundscapes to sea life.

3. What does the underlined word “renders” probably mean in paragraph 3?

A．Causes.	B．Reduces.
C．Reveals.	D．Prevents.

4. Which of the following solutions is already available according to paragraph 4?

A．The management of ship traffic.

B．The restriction of human activities.

C．The adoption of noise control techniques.

D．The application of relevant laws.

9 . Soccer legend: They told me girls couldn't play this game

Note: Michelle Akers was a player on the US Women's National Teams who won World Cup titles in 1991 (where she won the Golden Hoot as top scorer) and 1999.

(CNN) — In third grade, I shared my dream along with my favorite football with the class, and as I proudly finished my speech, my teacher responded, "Michelle, girls cannot play football" to which I answered, "Yes, I can." I wouldn’t let it go, landing myself in the principal's office, trying not to cry. Soon, my mom arrived. “God help me now,” I thought ... until I heard her say to both my teacher and the principal, “How dare you tell my daughter what she can or cannot do.”

On Wednesday, all the world (myself included) will watch the 2019 US Women's National Team — Women's World Cup champions. I'm also thinking about how they — like I — got to the place where they lifted that trophy. To me, the 2019 World Cup and above all, this team, has taken the stories and dreams of the USWNT full circle.

It goes like this: First, you dream. Next, you play. Then, you inspire a legacy.

So many years ago, I dreamed of being a Pittsburgh Steeler. But many of the players on this 2019 World Champion USA Team sat in stadiums or watched games on TV in 1999 and dreamed of playing for the USWNT. No one could tell them they couldn't — they could see for themselves that it was possible.

They have now not only won a World Cup, but have turned their dreams into action. Dreams of being the best in the world. Dreams of equality and equal opportunity. And the actions to back them up and make them real for the people who come after them. They are demanding respect and equality from the powers that be because they know what it is to achieve more than just a trophy.

That, for me, is so very powerful. What this 2019 World Champion team demands for themselves — and put first in their lives — will be their biggest message of change: Respect. Equal opportunity. Team and family. Individual choice. Excellence. Into a new era.

And I am grateful to be celebrating them in their much deserved ticker-tape parade in the Canyon of Heroes in NYC.

1. What's the attitude of Michelle's mom towards her dream?

A．Funny.

B．Supportive.

C．Ambiguous.

D．Carefree.

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2 about the 2019 Women’s World Cup?

A．Michelle is coaching and encouraging the team.	B．Michelle together with her team won the trophy.
C．The team carries the same dreams as Michelle's	D．The team didn't fail Michelle's great expectation.

3. What happened to Michelle during her football career?

A．She set an example to women football players.

B．She won the Golden Boot in 1999.

C．She retired from her team in 2019.

D．She recognized inequality to women in football.

4. Which of the following can be a suitable title lor the text?

A．Dream, Play and Inspire	B．Woman Football Develops
C．Football Counts More than Ever	D．Equal Playing Field Is More than Men's

10 . A few years ago. four female mountain gorillas （大猩猩）left home, abandoning not only their mate — a sick alpha silverback — but their infants （幼崽），which were barely old enough to Iced themselves. Most mammals abandoned by their mothers risk an early death, and researchers worried about the young gorillas.

Instead, the scientists got a heartwarming surprise. The young gorillas’ uncle, a male gorilla named Kubaha, began to take care of them. He let them sleep in his nest and climb all over him like a jungle gym.

Kubaha’s willingness to be a foster dad turns out to be surprisingly common in mountain gorillas. An analysis on mountain gorillas at the Gorilla Fund's Karisoke Research Center in Rwanda has revealed that when young mountain gorillas lose their mothers, they do not have a greater risk of dying or losing their place in the social hierarchy because the rest of the group buffers them from the loss. The social group has evolved to protect the infants from the ill effects of losing their mothers.

The researchers confirmed this assumption by focusing on data on 59 gorillas between the ages of 2 and 8 who lost their mothers or were orphaned （成为孤儿）before they were fully mature. They then compared the survival of these animals across their lifetimes with the survival of 139 nonorphaned gorillas. They also compared their reproductive success and social rank as adults — and tracked who the infants spent the most time with.

Not only were the orphaned and motherless gorillas at no greater risk of dying, they also suffered no long-term effect on their ability to reproduce or on their social rank, the team reports today in eLife.

The findings suggest such altruistic behavior is not unique to humans — and that dads play an important role in primate youngsters' lives, says Duke behavioral ecologist Susan Alberts, "Nonhuman primates often are really good dads," she says. 'This shows that paternal care goes very deep in our primate lineage."

1. What moved the scientists according to the first two paragraphs?

A．Young gorillas’ being abandoned.

B．Kubaha's caring for the infants.

C．Young gorillas’ sleeping in uncle's nest.

D．Young gorillas’ climbing over their uncle.

2. What is the life of motherless gorillas like?

A．Little trouble of survival.	B．Risk of dying young.
C．Loss of social status.	D．Inability to reproduce.

3. How did the researchers test their assumption about orphaned gorillas?

A．They focused on adult gorillas’ data.

B．They collected online information.

C．They tracked their companions.

D．They lived with them.

4. What does the underlined word “altruistic” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．careless

B．fearless

C．harmless

D．selfless