1 . Issued to those who intend to go to China for commercial and trade activities.
Application:
1. Basic Documents
（1） Passport
Original passport with at least six months of remaining validity and blank visa pages, and a photocopy of the passport’s data page and the photo page if it is separate.
（2） Visa Application Form and photo
One completed Visa Application Form with a recently -taken color passport photo （ bare-head, full face ） against a white background attached （ Photo Requirements for Chinese Visa Application ）
（3） Proof of legal stay or residence status （ applicable to those not applying for the visa in their country of citizenship ）
If you are not applying for the visa in the country of your citizenship, you must provide the original and photocopy of your valid visa or certificate of stay，residence, employment or student status of the country where you are currently staying.
（4） Photocopy of previous Chinese passports or previous Chinese visas （ applicable to those who were Chinese citizens and have obtained foreign citizenship ）
2. Supporting Documents
Documents on the commercial activity issued by a trade partner in China, or trade fair invitation relevant entity（实体） or individual. The invitation letter should contain :
a） Information on the applicant （ full name, gender, date of birth, etc. ）
b） Information on the planned visit （ purpose of visit, arrival and departure dates, place（s） to be visited, relations between the applicant and the inviting entity or individual, financial source for expenditures）
c） Information on the inviting entity or individual （ name, contact telephone number, address, official stamp, signature of the legal representative or the inviting individual ）
3. Application Procedure, Processing Time and Fees
Please visit Chinese Embassy/ Consulate General’s websites for more details based on your State of residence.
1. Who is this article intended for?| A．Those who want to visit China for personal issues. |
| B．Those who apply for Chinese passport recently. |
| C．Those who want to go sightseeing in China recently. |
| D．Those coming to China for commerce and trade. |
| A．Any black and white photo is OK. |
| B．The photo must be taken in color recently. |
| C．The photo must be taken on the ground. |
| D．The photo must show your full body. |
| A．An invitation letter with necessary information. |
| B．The applicant’s passport and photocopy. |
| C．The permission from the Chinese Embassy. |
| D．The financial condition of the applicant. |
2 . Hazel Mayfield usually cooks the Thanksgiving meal for her extended family in Houston, Texas. She usually welcomes friends and neighbors eager to sample her fried turkey, green bean casserole , candied yams, homemade cornbread dressing, and dirty rice -just a few of her signature dishes. Known as Suga Mama, because her grandchildren think she’s so sweet, the 91 -year-old typically likes to do her own shopping for the ingredients to make her special dishes.
“My mother is the head cook of the family,” said Paulette Mouton, Mayfield’s daughter.“Because of her reputation, you know, there’re people in and out all day, everybody’s family comes through. They want to get some of Suga Mama’s cooking. We’re from Louisiana and we cook all that.”（ One in six Americans could go hungry in 2020 as pandemic persists. ）
But Mayfield hasn’t been to the grocery store since March. And there is little about Thanksgiving 2020 that’s usual. Hundreds of thousands of American families have re-imagined the holiday with virtual celebrations, canceled or delayed travel plans , or for small gatherings with people in their households in response to COVID-19, the deadly virus that has killed more than 250,000 in the U.S. and spoiled life around the world.
This year, Mayfield’s family members are lamenting（ 悲叹） the absence of a big gathering. They’ve explained to their young children and grandchildren why this year’s Thanksgiving is different. Mayfield’ s youngest daughter, Michelle Sanders, says it’s tough helping her grandchildren understand why they can’ t see some of their other family members.
“It’s really hard, trying to explain to them,”Sanders said. “When you’ re talking to them and they want to come over, you have to tell them no. They really don’t know how to be careful.”
Sanders added,“And, they don’ t understand that, being three, four, and six, you know they don’t really understand that.So, it’s ... it’s really, really hard, and heartbreaking. ”
1. What kind of person is Hazel Mayfield?| A．Helpful and kind-hearted. | B．Stubborn and enthusiastic. |
| C．Talented and instructive. | D．Grateful and sensitive. |
| A．They like to talk to Suga Mama warmly. |
| B．They come to help cook meals as they like. |
| C．They come to satisfy their stomaches. |
| D．They come to cook various meals. |
| A．They try to get together with their family members in the open. |
| B．They have to avoid big gatherings even with family members. |
| C．They feel difficult to persuade their children to get together. |
| D．They are pleased with the absence of Thankgiving celebration. |
| A．Children are delighted to celebrate their Thanksgiving Day. |
| B．Adults feel it difficult to get together with their children. |
| C．Children are still too young to understand the situation. |
| D．It’s tough helping children overcome their problems. |
3 . One of the fundamental things we really love in cities is order. Order means balance, symmetry （对称）and repetition: the same thing happening again and again, and the left side matching the right side.
Order is one of the reasons why so many people love Paris. But most cities are a complete mess. When it's a mess, it seems like no one is in charge. And that's worrying. It's horrible when everything is jumbled up: a pitched roof next to a flat roof; 3 simple bare box next to a messy car park; high-rise towers that look as if they've been placed at random, like teeth in a yawning mouth.
We generally have a desire to straighten things out. And when we can't, it's frustrating. The same urge is there when we look at cities. Often, it's not skyscrapers that we mind in the city. It's skyscrapers that have been planted there without planning, like they are increasingly appearing in London, while New York or Chicago shows the ordered way that we love.
However, you have to keep something else in mind. Unreasonable order can be just as much of a problem. Too much regularity can be soul-destroying. Too much order feels rigid and alien. It can be indifferent, cold, severe, unkind, or even cruel. So the ideal we're seeking is variety and order.
This is the idea in a square in Tele in the Czech Republic, where every house is the same width and height. But within that ordered partem, every house has been allowed freedom at the level of form and color. We're perfectly in the middle between chaos and boringness here. And that's what humans adore.
So as a general rule: too much mess, and it's off-putting; but too much simple order, and it’s boring.
1. What does the underlined phrase "jumbled up” in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．Out of order. | B．Causing worries. | C．In good order. | D．At random. |
| A．New York. | B．London. | C．Paris. | D．Tele. |
| A．They should be made lower. | B．They should have plants on top. |
| C．They should be well planned. | D．Their numbers should be limited. |
| A．balance and repetition | B．free forms and rich colors |
| C．the same height and width | D．both order and variety |
4 . Bricks are one of the oldest known building materials, dating back thousands of years. But researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have found a new use for bricks: as energy storage units. A team of engineers and chemists have found a way to transform an ordinary house brick into a “battery”—allowing it to conduct and store electricity. The bricks are powerful enough to light up an LED bulb, and cost only about 3 dollars to make.
“I love the idea of adding value to things that are inexpensive, things that are affordable, things that we kind of take for granted,” says Julio D'Arcy, who is an assistant professor of chemistry at Washington University and one of the researchers on this project.
The brick-battery relies on the reddish pigment known as iron oxide, or rust, which gives red bricks their color. The scientists pumped the bricks with several gases that react with iron oxide to produce a network of plastic fibers. These small fibers coat the empty spaces inside the bricks — and conduct electricity.
What the researchers are trying to do is to make specialized plastics that are only used on the nanoscale where they use very little of the plastic and they can actually fix that plastic firmly inside construction materials.
In the future, D'Arcy says, a brick wall could potentially serve a dual purpose: providing structural support and storing electricity generated from renewable energy sources, such as solar panels.
The technology is still at least a few years away from being ready for the commercial market. And right now, the energy storage capacity of the bricks is still pretty low—about 1 percent of a lithium ion battery. But the team is now testing ways to improve brick performance. hoping to make a breakthrough and practical application to better the seemingly ordinary construction materials as soon as possible.
1. What new function has been found in house bricks?| A．They can serve as a power plant. | B．They can take the place of plastics. |
| C．They can save a lot of energy. | D．They can reserve electricity. |
| A．They are pumped into bricks. | B．They must be tiny in size. |
| C．They cover the surface of bricks. | D．They react with iron oxide. |
| A．their capacity is still low | B．their cost is very high |
| C．they make no profits | D．they are not safe enough |
| A．Construction Turns Smart | B．High Tech Develops Fast |
| C．Old Bricks Play New Tricks | D．Buildings Become Greener |
5 . While children are dogs—loyal and affectionate (情深的)—teenagers are cats. It′s so easy to be a dog owner. You feed it, train it, and boss it around. It puts its head on your knee and gazes at you as if you were a Rembrandt painting. It bounds indoors with enthusiasm when you call it.
Then around age 13, your adoring little puppy turns into a big old cat. When you tell it to come inside, it looks amazed, as if wondering who died and made you emperor. Instead of dogging your doorsteps, it disappears. You won′t see it again until it gets hungry―then it pauses on its sprint through the kitchen long enough to turn its nose up at whatever you′re serving. When you reach out to ruffle its head, in that old affectionate gesture, it turns away from you, then gives you a blank stare, as if trying to remember where it has seen you before.
You, not realizing that the dog is now a cat, think something must be desperately wrong with it. It seems so antisocial, so distant, sort of depressed. It won′t go on family outings.
Since you are the one who raised it, taught it to fetch and stay and sit on command, you assume that you did something wrong. Flooded with guilt and fear, you redouble your efforts to make your pet behave.
Only now you′re dealing with a cat, so everything that worked before now produces the opposite of the desired result. Call it, and it runs away. Tell it to sit, and it jumps on the counter. The more you go toward it, wringing your hands, the more it moves away.
Put a dish of food near the door, and let it come to you. But remember that a cat needs your help and your affection too. Sit still, and it will come, seeking that warm, comforting lap it has not entirely forgotten. Be there to open the door for it.
One day your grown-up child will walk into the kitchen, give you a big kiss and say, “You′ve been on your feet all day. Let me get those dishes for you.”
Then you′ll realize your cat is a dog again.
1. What does the word “It” refer to in the third paragraph?| A．A dog |
| B．A parent |
| C．A teenager |
| D．A situation |
| A．Excitedly |
| B．Indifferently |
| C．Angrily |
| D．Calmly |
| A．Children like cats can not easily follow parents′ directions. |
| B．Parents should try their best to leave their children alone. |
| C．You can′t expect children to be considerate toward their parents. |
| D．Parents should consider what they do wrong to educate their kids. |
| A．To tell us how a dog changes into a cat. |
| B．To tell us how to raise pets like cats and dogs. |
| C．To tell us the similarities between pets and children. |
| D．To tell us how to deal with teenagers aged 13 or so. |
6 . A group of scientists in labs spread across Europe, the U.S. and Nepal have been working on Qomolangma “remotely”. The project’s goal is to turn the world’s highest mountain into a huge climate laboratory.
During April and May last year, a team of more than 30 biologists, glaciologists, geologists, meteorologists, and geographers fanned out across Qomolangma’s southern side, conducting fieldwork high on the mountain. “We believe the best way to get a full scientific picture of Qomolangma is not just to do one kind of science,” says Paul Mayewski of the University of Maine, the leader of the effort.
Each individual study promises a unique picture of the mountain’s climate-past, present, and future. Ice cores will allow scientists to go back in time-tens, hundreds and perhaps thousands of years to learn about the environment. Snow and water samples give a look at what’s happening on the mountain, today, including the future of the glaciers. The team also fixed a network of automated weather stations, which will document upcoming weather trends for years to come.
One of the hardest tasks fell to Mayewski’s colleague Mariusz Potoeki, who hoped to drill ice cores at several places on the mountain, including the South Col (25,938 feet) and the top of Qomolangma (29,035 feet). The job required a specially designed drill system powered by batteries, and an excellent team to figure out how to prevent the cores from becoming liquid during their long journey back to the University of Maine’s laboratory for analysis.
Potocki abandoned his summit attempt due to the crowds of normal climbers. To his relief, Potocki succeeded in taking the highest ice core ever recovered, at just above Camp Four-26,312 feet above sea level. “The ice doesn’t lie.” Mayewski says. “The very idea that the highest part of the planet hasn’t been spared from human activity ought to be a real wake-up call for everybody.”
1. Which way does Paul Mayewski suggest to fully study Qomolangma?| A．Working on it remotely in labs. | B．Teaming up with more countries. |
| C．Doing many kinds of science. | D．Turning it into a real lab. |
| A．To document upcoming weather change. | B．To get a unique picture of climate trends. |
| C．To know more about the past environment. | D．To predict the future of the mountain. |
| A．Improving the special drill system. | B．Drilling the oldest ice cores at some places. |
| C．Conducting fieldwork above Camp Four. | D．Delivering frozen ice cores to the lab. |
| A．Potocki got ice cores at 29,035 feet. | B．Human activity has affected Qomolangma. |
| C．Ice cores can serve as a warning for us. | D．Normal climbers helped with Potocki’s work. |
7 . Today we can do everything with apps: pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands. However, when it comes to technology and health care, chances and challenges come together.
Let's start with the ways to get health care. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis and instructions without leaving home.
In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team. Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology.
A whole new age of medical care seems likely to come in the future. But every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno-health care?
Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist, who can see and tell how a patient is doing. This may influence the treatment effect. It's unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition.
Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build. This is certainly true in health care, where some of life's best and worst moments involve doctors. The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone.
Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry .
So how does medicine adapt to the new technology age? Very talented companies are working on it. There is medical equipment that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine. It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch. Patients often need someone to listen to-and care about — their journey story, which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them.
1. How does technology help health care?| A．It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites. |
| B．It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis. |
| C．It improves relations between doctors and patients. |
| D．It provides a chance to build a medical team. |
| A．An interesting experience. | B．An ability to understand. |
| C．A chance to win. | D．A fair decision. |
| A．Patient websites require trust from doctors. | B．Talented companies can give medical advice. |
| C．Flagged results may cause worry for patients. | D．Medical equipment collects patients' stories. |
| A．Technology can deal with unexpected effects. |
| B．Telemedicine can take the place of usual health care. |
| C．Techno-health care should take humanity into consideration. |
| D．It is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age. |
8 . Many wildflowers of spring in eastern North America bloom thanks to ants. The tiny six-legged gardeners have partnered with those plants and about 11, 000 others to spread their seeds. The plants，in turn, “pay” for the service by attaching a calorie-loaded appendage (附属物) to each seed, much like fleshy fruits remunerate birds and mammals that desert seeds or poop (排泄) them out. But there's more to the ant-seed relationship than that exchange, researchers reported last week at the annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, which was held online.
Many ants eat seeds. Certain plants attach a nutritive globe called an elaiosome to their seed coats, which serves as a favorite lunch for the ants’ young and gives ants a handle on seeds that can be bigger than their heads. Until now, researchers assumed the ants simply carry the seeds to their nests, feed the elaiosome to their young, and deposit the seed either outside or inside at the colony's “garbage dump”, which provides a rich environment for shooting.
In both the field and the lab, Chelsea Miller presented ants with seeds from various trillium (延龄花) species and found the ants were quick to pick up some species’ seeds while leaving others to rot, Miller said. To find out how ants make their choices, Miller and Susan Whitehead at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) used techniques to analyze the chemical makeup of elaiosomes. They found that ants pick seeds based on the specific combination and concentrations of acid and other compounds (化合物) made by the plant, 20 of which are unique to trilliums. The ants’ tastes may affect plant species’ distributions, say Kirsten Prior, an ecologist at Binghamton University: “Widespread trillium species are preferred by seed-dispersing ants compared to rare trillium species.”
Melissa Burt, an ecologist at Virginia Tech, hopes these studies bring ants new respect. “Many people who talk about ants only know them as insects that are taking over their kitchens, but many ants perform important functions in ecosystems,” she says. “Seed dispersal is just one of those.”
1. What does the underlined word “remunerate” probably mean?| A．Attract. | B．Track. | C．Free. | D．Reward. |
| A．It's a tasty treat for young ants. | B．It's no smaller than ants’ heads. |
| C．It is used as young ants’ new nest. | D．It can be used as a weapon to protect ants. |
| A．To analyze the specific combination affecting the plant growth. |
| B．To find out the reason for ants preferring some seeds to others. |
| C．To prove the accuracy of their lab techniques applied in the field. |
| D．To understand the way of ants distributing different plant species’ seeds. |
| A．Annoying. | B．Greedy. | C．Creative. | D．Hardworking. |
9 . In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable（可持续的）ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil（棕榈油）, which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.
1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.| A．it makes the world warmer |
| B．it consumes natural resources |
| C．it makes growth hard to continue |
| D．it brings severe damage to forests |
| A．cut public expenses | B．forbid carbon emission |
| C．develop public resources | D．encourage energy conservation |
| A．develop sustainable products | B．explore new natural resources |
| C．make full use of natural resources | D．deal with the major challenge |
| A．To compare two business models. |
| B．To introduce a new business model. |
| C．To advocate sustainable development. |
| D．To predict a change of the global markets. |
10 . The earliest newspapers started in ancient Rome. They were handwritten news sheets. The first printed newspapers appeared in China during the Tang dynasty, which were printed from carved wooden blocks. Modern papers first appeared in Venice, Italy in the middle of the 14th century. The newspapers of today, with advertising and a mixture of political, economic, and social news and comments, were started in Britain in the mid-18th century.
The main function of newspapers is to report news. Many newspapers also provide special information to readers, such as weather reports and television timetables. They also provide comments on politics, economics, arts and culture. Almost all newspapers depend on advertising to make money. Nearly six out of ten adults in the United States and Canada read a newspaper every day. Seven out of ten read a paper each weekend. Readers search newspapers for detailed background information and analysis. This is what television and radio news reports seldom offer. Newspapers tell readers what happened, and they also help readers understand what caused an event and how it will affect the world around them.
The workers at large newspaper companies work under a lot of pressure to bring news to readers as soon as possible. Reporters, photographers, artists, and editors collect articles in just a few hours. Page designers select articles, photos, advertisements, and eye-catching headlines to make the pages, and then rush their work to the printer. Printing workers may work overnight around printing presses to churn out more than 60,000 copies per hour.
1. Modern newspapers were first made in ________.| A．China | B．Ancient Rome | C．Italy | D．Britain |
| A．Various jobs related to newspapers. | B．Contents in each page of a newspaper. |
| C．The production levels of newspaper. | D．The fast pace of newspaper production. |
| A．few newspapers have no advertising |
| B．many adults in America read newspapers every day |
| C．people can read about different issues in newspapers |
| D．newspapers will become less popular as TV develops |
| A．press | B．produce | C．publish | D．sell |
