1 . We’ve all heard exercise helps you live longer. But a new study goes one step further, finding that a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle is worse for your health than smoking and heart disease.
Dr. Wael Jaber, a doctor at the Cleveland Clinic and senior author of the study, called the results "extremely surprising."
"Being unfit in an exercise stress test has a worse prognosis(预后), as far as death, than being a smoker," Jaber told CNN. "We've never seen something as noticeable as this and as objective as this. "
"It should be treated almost as a disease that has a prescription, which is called exercise," he said.
Researchers studied 122,007 patients who took exercise stress tests at Cleveland Clinic between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2020 to measure death rate relating to the benefits of exercise and fitness. Comparing those with a sedentary lifestyle to the top exercise performers, he said, the risk associated with death is "500% higher. "
What made the study so unique, beyond the number of people studied, he said was that researchers weren't relying on patients self-reporting their exercise. "This is not the patients telling us what they do," Jaber said. "This is our testing them and figuring out objectively the real measure of what they do. "
Researchers have always been concerned that "ultra(高强度的)" exercisers might be at a higher risk of death, but the study found that not to be the case.
The benefits of exercise were seen across all ages and in both men and women, "probably a little more noticeable in females," Jaber said. "Whether you’re in your 40s or your 80s, you will benefit in the same way. "
1. Which statement is true according to the study?| A．High levels of exercise can cause higher death rate. |
| B．The death rate of those with lowest exercise is 12%. |
| C．Being unfit has higher risks of death than smoking. |
| D．Sedentary lifestyle is the major cause of heart disease. |
| A．a habit hard to remove | B．a method to solve a problem |
| C．a treatment given by a doctor | D．a plan to take exercise regularly |
| A．The long period of the tests. | B．The number of the researchers. |
| C．The objective tests and calculations. | D．The self-reporting of the participants. |
| A．Ultra exercise does no good to our health. | B．Women should take more exercise than men |
| C．Exercise is the best way to treat heart disease. | D．Patients should be encouraged to exercise daily. |
2 . We all know it is important for students to get a good night’s sleep every night. They aren’t able to do their best unless they sleep well. Most experts agree that the proper number of hours is eight, and this has been accepted as common sense for as long as I can remember. However, I was young once and I know that most of you get much less sleep than that-and sometimes this affects your schoolwork.
I read an article in a teachers’ magazine recently. They did a study of 848 students in a senior school. Worryingly, the results suggested that teenagers are facing a new problem. They may go to bed and get up at proper times but a growing number wake up in the middle of the night, not to use the bathroom or have a snack but because of FOMO-the fear of missing out!
According to the article, schoolchildren suffer because of an increasing trend to wake up during the night to check social media. Afraid of missing a message or chance to take part in a discussion, teens wake up at all times of the night to go online and join up with social groups. All this happens when they should be sound asleep.
The report gives some worrying numbers. 23% of 12-to 15-year-olds wake up nearly every night to use social media. Another 15% wake up at night once a week for the same reason. As a result, one in three students are constantly exhausted and unable to do well at school.
So, I’d like to ask you to be responsible when it comes to social media. Be brave and turn off your phones and computers at night. The world won’t end and your social media will be waiting to greet you in the morning. I give you my word that you won’t have missed anything important.
1. What is the new trend among teenagers?| A．They get up too early in the morning. |
| B．They wake up at midnight to go online. |
| C．They wake up at night to get something to eat. |
| D．They have difficulty in falling asleep again at night. |
| A．A fear of going online. |
| B．A need to go out all the time. |
| C．A fear of losing touch on social media. |
| D．A need to use the latest technology. |
| A．disappointed | B．surprised | C．confused | D．tired |
| A．Uninterested | B．Supportive | C．Concerned | D．Doubtful |
3 . “I don’t want to sigh when I get an invitation in the mail, but I can’t help it,” Susan, aged 30, tells us. “I want to go, but how do I explain I can’t?” Weddings are supposed to be about fun and togetherness — a time to get together and celebrate a huge life milestone.
However, more and more, they’ve become a source of tension and distance. When wedding season approaches and another wave of wedding invites start to roll in, many millennials are facing an uncomfortable truth – they’re just too expensive.
Because it’s not just the wedding. It’s the engagement party, the gifts and the airfare in the middle of high season to a destination wedding. The average bachelor party now costs an eye-watering $1,532 and the average bachelorette party isn’t far behind at $1,106, and that’s before we even get to the wedding, which, by the way, costs the average guest $1,386. It doesn’t matter how many times the thrifty among us can restyle the same old jumpsuit because the money you’re saving isn’t going to touch your Air BNB bill.
It’s no surprise that more people are saying no to wedding invitations because of the cost. And who can blame them? It’s hard to see another solution. It’s natural to want everyone you care about to be at your wedding, but it’s also understandable if you can’t afford to fly to three different weddings during six weeks.
The wedding machinery shows no signs of slowing down, so all we can do is have a little more sympathy. If you’re throwing a wedding, try to be sensitive about the cost and understanding when someone just can’t make it. We have to create more socially acceptable ways of celebrating a marriage without spending a month’s salary to be there to celebrate the big day. It really should be the thought that counts.
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?| A．The average bachelor. | B．The expensive wedding. |
| C．The economical people | D．The saved money. |
| A．The weddings are too costly to attend. | B．They don’t care about the wedding. |
| C．They don’t have enough time to go. | D．The weddings are often disappointing. |
| A．People should spend a month’s salary to prepare a gift. |
| B．When throwing a wedding, people should be thoughtful. |
| C．A luxurious wedding contributes to a good marriage. |
| D．Wedding invitations should go unnoticed. |
| A．Weddings are about fun and togetherness. |
| B．It is an art to say no to wedding invitations. |
| C．Millennials are facing more and more tension. |
| D．Wedding invitations bring joy and burden to Millennials. |
4 . Now, it is winter and as you have probably noticed, virus are everywhere—runny noses, sore throats, nothing quite like the common cold to make you feel so uncomfortable. But experts believe that there is no link between cold weather and catching colds. So why are we particularly easy to catch colds this season?
Internal Medicine expert, Dr Meenakshi Jain of Max Hospital says, “One reason could be that people are likely to stay indoors, so the virus can spread easily. Also the virus grows strong and healthy under wet conditions.”
The common cold can be caused by any of up to 250 kinds of virus. The most common group of them is the kind of virus that hits the nose, which is called rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses cause a third and a half of all common colds.
“This kind of virus is spread through the nose and respiratory passages (呼吸道)，by touch, and by contact with particles (微粒) in the air that are created by sneezing or coughing,” says Dr Jain.
There is no way to treat the common cold. However, there are some tips that can help. Wash your hands regularly, so that germs get killed. Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth, which can limit your chances of infection (传染). Don’t share drinking glasses with anyone as this will prevent the spread of the virus. Drink lots of water. Make sure to eat enough fruits to boost your immune system (免疫系统). Get enough sleep and you’ll certainly become stronger.
1. What does the writer think will make you suffer most?| A．The common cold. | B．The winter. |
| C．Sore throats. | D．Runny noses. |
| A．the cold weather in the winter | B．the condition of the human body |
| C．the virus that hits people’s nose | D．the warm temperature in the room |
| A．damage | B．treat | C．change | D．improve |
| A．some ways for the virus to spread |
| B．the common cold can not be treated |
| C．exercise is important to people’s health |
| D．some tips on how to keep the cold away |
5 . Scientists are urging that deep sea metal mining should be stopped temporarily. They warn in a report that it can cause severe and damaging effects on Pacific Ocean areas.
The recently-released report examined more than 250 published studies on deep Sea mining. The research was examined by the Deep Sea Mining Campaign- a collection of not-for profit organizations. The report centers on mining activities related to small metallic particles(金属颗粒)，called nodules, found on the seabed. The material can contain different metals. Increasing demand for these metals has led to a rise in deep-sea mining operations. The metals are commonly used in battery manufacturing and other technology products.
However, the scientists warn that mining for these nodules will cause irreversible(不可逆的) damage to an ocean already under pressure. The operations will affect areas across the South Pacific, including the nations of Kiribati, the Cook Islands, Nauru, Tonga and Papua New Guinea.
The report notes that a moratorium is the only responsible way to move forward until certain conditions surrounding deep-sea mining can be met. The scientists are calling for additional study to fully understand the environmental, social and economic risks.
Andrew Chin is the report's lead researcher. He says in a statement that nodule mining will likely result in the loss of sea life and cause damage to deep seabeds for thousands of years. He adds that the operations can put people at risk who depend on the ocean and its continued health.
A company planning to be one of the first to carry out mining operations in the area is Canada's DeepGreen, which aims to begin by 2024. It seeks to mine metallic nodules to be used in power systems for electric vehicles. DeepGreen Chief Executive Officer Gerard Barron defended the company's plans in reaction to the report. He said deep-sea mining offered the best alternative to surface mining, which has & long history of pollution and destroying forests and wildlife.
1. Why are deep-sea mining operations on the rise?| A．More metals are needed. | B．Surface mining is banned, |
| C．Battery industry is falling. | D．The seabed is easy to find, |
| A．Loose measure. | B．Thorough study. | C．Permanent deal. | D．Temporary stop. |
| A．Conditions surrounding deep-sea mining are great. |
| B．The damage caused by nodule mining is reversible. |
| C．Nodule mining can cause harm in various aspects. |
| D．People sure less likely to be affected by nodule mining, |
| A．Opposed. | B．Supportive. | C．Ambiguous. | D．Unconcerned. |
6 . “Look how stupid he is!" a 7-year-old said to her dad Daniel Funke, pointing to a picture of a famous person on the Internet. The photo showed the man writing his name with his pen turned upside down.
Of course, the photo was not the original one. It had been changed to look like him using the pen the wrong way. Funke quickly pointed out the mistake, and his daughter got an on-the-spot education in fake news. By then, however, many people had already shared it on social media.
“The pitfalls of sharing misinformation and fake news can be very serious," says Laeeq Khan, who heads the Social Media Analytics Lab at Ohio University in Athens. Sharing something that’s not true can cost people their lives, he says. Last year, people in India used a messaging app, WhatsApp, to spread fake stories about a kidnapping ring. The lies caused violent attacks in which people died.
Fake news stories hurt people in other ways, too. For example, fake reports lead some parents to refuse vaccines (疫苗) for their children. Yet without vaccines, children can get serious diseases or even die.
“About seven in 10 Americans were telling us that fake news has a big influence on the confidence in our government,” says Jeffrey Gottfried. He’s a journalism and media-research expert at Pew Research Center in Washington, D.C. Researchers there did a survey in the United States about the influence of made-up news. About half the people in the survey said they had shared misinformation online. Most of them said they didn’t realize it at the time.
Besides causing serious results, sharing a fake story makes it harder for people to tell what's real. And when people find out a story is not real, they may not trust other information from a person who spread it. Therefore, it's important to do fact-checking before sharing news stories.
1. What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs?| A．To bring up the topic of the text. | B．To tell an interesting news story. |
| C．To provide the main idea of the text. | D．To list people's popular online behavior. |
| A．Mistakes. | B．Problems. | C．Advantages. | D．Possibilities. |
| A．About 30% of online news wasn't real. |
| B．Made-up news spread faster than expected. |
| C．Made-up news had a bad influence on children. |
| D．Many Americans shared fake news without knowing it. |
| A．Positive | B．Unclear | C．Worried | D．Supporting |
7 . Are you wondering whether it’s worth going for a little jog? Don’t hesitate, and get your sports shoes on. A new study shows that proper running lowers the risk of premature (过早的) death.
In an analysis of 14 previous studies from the US and Denmark, the group of researchers from institutes in Australia and Finland concluded that increasing running participation would probably lead to substantial improvements in population health and longevity. The studies involved 232,149 participants over time periods ranging from 5.5 to 35 years.
Overall, people running any distance were associated with a 27% lower risk of death from all causes than those who did not, the analysis shows. Running was also associated with a 30% and 23% lower risk of death from cardiovascular (心血管的) disease and cancer, respectively.
Previous studies had concluded “inconsistent findings” about whether running could lower the risk of premature death, according to the researchers. Lead researcher Jim White, a professor at Victoria University in Melbourne, told CNN, “Our recent findings may motivate physically inactive individuals to take up running and those who already run to keep on doing it.”
He added that doctors may be encouraged by our findings to promote running as a part of “lifestyle medicine”. In their paper, which will be published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the researchers say health professionals are sometimes wary of promoting running because vigorous (剧烈的) use of it has been linked with sudden cardiac death.
Jim and his team countered this by noting that the benefit of running outweighs the risk. However, they did say advice should be given on a case-by-case basis, as running might not be appropriate for everyone. Although running has a clear overall health benefit, the researchers point out that higher “doses” of running may not reduce the risk of premature death further. According to the WHO’s guidelines, adults aged between 18 and 64 should take 150 minutes of gentle exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise each week.
1. What did the new study focus on?| A．The benefit of jog. | B．People’s lifestyles. |
| C．People’s living conditions. | D．The popularity of jog. |
| A．Researchers’ promotion of sport. |
| B．People’s involvement in running. |
| C．Doctors’ quicker treatment. |
| D．People’s losing weight. |
| A．Certain. | B．Capable. |
| C．Confident. | D．Cautious. |
| A．The risk of exercising vigorously. |
| B．The suggestion on running appropriately. |
| C．The reason why people should keep running. |
| D．The argument about whether running benefits people. |
8 . There is a very long list of rules for the New York City subway. Don’t put your feet on a seat, don’t carry open cups of coffee or soda, don’t take more than one seat... Those are just a few of the rules. There are hundreds more.
With so many rules, why is it still unpleasant to ride the subway?
Some people think that the problem is that no one enforces the rules. Other passengers sometimes try to enforce rules. But you can’t rely on them because New Yorkers have unwritten rules against talking to strangers and making eye contact with strangers. How can you tell someone to take her shopping bags off the seat and throw away her Coke without talking to her or looking at her? It is difficult.
There are other New Yorkers who think that the subway is unpleasant because there are not enough rules. One rider wrote a letter to The New York Times a couple of weeks ago suggesting a few more subway rules. Here are some of the rules that she would like to see:
—Don’t lean on the poles. You prevent other people from holding on. They can fall down.
—Talk quietly. The trains are already too noisy.
—Give your seat to elderly passengers or to parents with small children.
If those unwritten rules of etiquette are written down, will the rude people be more likely to follow them? It doesn’t make sense to make more rules that no one will enforce.
The real problem is that we are forgetting how to be nice to each other. It is embarrassing that we need a rule to tell us to give our seat to elderly passengers. Nobody should need to be reminded to do that.
I say we stop talking about the rules and try to remember our manners. Let’s be nice to each other not because a police officer might tell us to get off the train, but because it is the right thing to do. Then New York City would be more civilized —both above ground and below.
1. Don’t make eye contact and don’t talk to strangers are examples of .| A．New York subway rules | B．personal preferences on the subway |
| C．behavioral habits in New York City | D．unpleasant experiences on the subway |
| A．manners | B．phenomena | C．festivals | D．moods |
| A．The authority should set stricter rules. |
| B．The government should employ more police. |
| C．The citizens should ride the subway less. |
| D．Everyone should take better care of their behavior. |
9 . Reducing plastic waste isn't easy because the cheap material is found in almost every household item. Now, a delicious and nutritious solution has come up to help reduce our dependence on this environmental hazard.
David Christian, the co-founder of Evoware, says the idea of creating the biodegradable (生物降解的) products came from concern at the country’s high pollution rate. Indonesia is home to four of the world's worst polluted rivers. Since single-use packaging is a large contributor to the problem, Evoware decided to deal with that first.
After investigating various materials, the company settled on seaweed. Unlike corn, commonly used for biodegradable containers, seaweed does not require resources like water or large amounts of space. Since Indonesian farmers already harvest more seaweed than they can sell, it's easy for the company to find the material.
Though they will not reveal their production process, Evoware says the seaweed packaging contains no chemicals and is safe to consume. The company has also invented single-use cups, which can break down 30 days after they're thrown away.
While replacing plastic with the seaweed products may seem appealing to most of us, it is a hard-sell in Indonesia. According to Christian, ''The awareness to reduce single-use plastic is still very low. This makes our bioplastic unnecessary.” Also a factor is the cost, which is higher than using plastic. Hopefully, Evoware will succeed in convincing Indonesians and people worldwide that switching to their products will be helpful to protecting our beautiful planet.
1. What problem did Evoware decide to deal with first?| A．Ways to clean the four worst polluted rivers. |
| B．What nutritious materials for people to use. |
| C．How to deal with single-use packaging. |
| D．Means to contribute to the country's economy. |
| A．It didn't require much space and was easy to get. |
| B．It could be found everywhere in his country. |
| C．It was most commonly used for packaging. |
| D．It grew thickly in most of the polluted rivers. |
| A．Their seaweed products have won government support. |
| B．Sometimes it's hard to get people to reduce the use of plastics. |
| C．Their new products have received worldwide popularity. |
| D．The cost of making seaweed products will be lowered soon. |
| A．Something lasting long. | B．Something hard to accept. |
| C．Something easy to get. | D．Something commonly seen. |
10 . Almost everyone labels me an optimist. But even optimists can temporarily lose hope. This was the case for me on a particularly cold and gloomy January day. I felt depressed by the painful challenges I was dealing with in my personal life. Marriage, health, and financial struggles had joined forces to create a tornado of emotion that threatened to crush my spirit. I felt angry. The weather seemed to reflect my mood — the gray sky blocked even a single ray of sunlight.
About midway through the day, I left work to get some lunch. Still feeling negative, I noticed that the sun had come out for a brief moment. I began to think about my negative attitude and remind myself that I was responsible for choosing my state of mind. Even as I consciously reminded myself of this truth, I felt incapable of making the shift.
As I stopped at a red light, I looked at the car directly in front of mine. The personalized license plate caught my eye — it read “Sunout”. This brought an immediate smile to my face. It felt like a reminder that the sun was shining after all. But then my eyes moved to the car that was perfectly parallel to the Sunout vehicle. The license plate on that car read “Complainer”. This brought more than a smile to my face as I laughed out loudly! Seeing the two very opposite license plates at that exact moment in time, I felt my spirits and mood lift as I made the conscious decision to choose a positive attitude.
I shared my story with several co-workers who responded with warm laughter. I learned that day that when we are feeling too discouraged to bring ourselves out of a state of negativity, relief is just near!
1. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?| A．The writer had problems at school. |
| B．The writer was going to be laid off. |
| C．The writer was in low spirits that day. |
| D．The writer couldn’t meet the work challenges. |
| A．Changing her job. | B．Moving her car. |
| C．Making a choice. | D．Changing her mood. |
| A．Because they helped her make an informed choice. |
| B．Because they showed personality of car owners. |
| C．Because they were what she was looking for. |
| D．Because they reflected the truth of life. |
| A．Time waits for no man. | B．Life is just like a mirror. |
| C．Great minds think alike. | D．Laughter is the best medicine. |
