1 . At first, the scientists wondered whether it was a mistake. Just 21 days after leaving the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen, an arctic fox had arrived in Greenland. And in less than three months, it made it to Canada.
The fox averaged nearly 30 miles a day- some days, though, it walked almost 100 miles. “When it started happening, we thought 'is this really true?” said Arnaud Tarroux, one of the researchers who tracked the female fox “Was there an deviation in the data?” The scientists found the data was real as the fox kept going. The creature's travels last year, recorded in a recent paper, surprised Tarroux and his fellow Norwegian researcher Eva Fuglei, even though the animal is known for its endurance and ability to survive in extreme polar areas.
Scientists already knew that some of the foxes, native to Arctic areas all around the Northern Hemisphere, made long journeys, but the fox these researchers followed stood out for just how fast it covered more than 2,700 miles. “We didn't really know how they would do that and how long it would take for an individual to do this kind of trip,” Tarroux said.
The coastal fox the researchers tracked, also known as a blue fox, landed in Ellesmere Island in Canada on 1 July 2018. Of the 50 or 60 animals the scientists put trackers on for a study, it was the only one that dared to go outside of Norway. The researchers found the fox set off because of a food shortage. The tracker stopped working in February, so researchers no longer know the fox's location, but it was last discovered on the same Canadian island in the area of Nunavut.
1. How many miles can the arctic fox travel in a single day at most?| A．Less than 40 kilometers. | B．Less than 50 miles. |
| C．Almost 100 miles. | D．Almost 180 miles. |
| A．Proof. | B．Joke. | C．Mistake. | D．Task. |
| A．In Canada. | B．In Greenland. | C．In Arctic areas. | D．In Spitsbergen. |
| A．The fox travelled exactly 2,700 miles. | B．50 or so foxes are outside Norway. |
| C．The fox landed in Canada last year. | D．The fox traveled because of food. |
2 . Audiences who are present at music festivals often do not think about the work behind the scenes. There are many factors （因素）when organizers want to create a successful festival of any type. They have to make efforts to organize the music festival. They must spend a large amount of money bringing in popular artists, and the event must have excellent advertising. Once a site is chosen, it is often a space that is rented. Organizers must also take parking and crowd control into consideration when large audiences are expected to attend.
As a whole, a successful music festival combines all the necessary parts into a series of events that attract the audience. If any one part of the festival brings in a large number of complaints, it is not successful and the number of audiences will be down both that year and the following year. This is one of the reasons why organizers work hard to make sure every part of a festival functions as flawlessly as possible. They want people to take away great memories so they will attend the festival the next year and continue to do so. Organizers have long recognized this fact and take the time to find out what their audiences want. They recognize changes in audience moods and values. This allows their festivals to continue growing by satisfying their specific audiences.
The growth of many music festivals has caused organizers to seek out more modern musicians. Organizers don’t choose musicians that only perform for small crowds. Musicians, such as electric violinists or saxophone players, are more able to handle larger crowds who require amplified （放大的）music. Their ability to deal with technical aspects of greater sound production makes them popular with organizers. These musicians are also popular with large crowds who appreciate their ability to produce beautiful sound in the musical genre （流派）of the festival.
1. What does a successful music festival need?| A．Control of the number of audiences. |
| B．Money to buy a site. |
| C．Experienced audiences. |
| D．A great deal of organizers’ effort. |
| A．Perfect. | B．Crazy. | C．Quick. | D．Limitless. |
| A．Those who are members of a band. |
| B．Those who like performing for small crowds. |
| C．Those who can play the latest popular music. |
| D．Those who have the ability to handle larger crowds. |
| A．The Origin of Music Festivals |
| B．The History of Music Festivals |
| C．The Organizers of Successful Music Festivals |
| D．The Factors in Successful Music Festivals |
3 . It was about seven years ago. I just picked up my threeyearold daughter from the nursery. I was weighed down with shopping bags, and with my daughter’s things. We arrived at a pedestrian crossing and she pressed the button. In the distance, I heard alarms, told my daughter to wait and watched a police car approaching.
Little did I know, as the_green_man flashed, that my daughter had begun to run into the road. I watched the police car speed toward us—that’s when you sounded your horn and waved wildly to me. My daughter was about a meter from the path of the police car, hidden from their view by your car.
I screamed her name and ran toward her. She stopped and was shocked by the rush of the police car as it sped past. She wondered why you had blown your horn, asking, “Mom, why was that woman so rude？” not realizing you had saved her life.
She wondered why I picked her up and burst into tears. My legs gave way as I reached the other side of the road. I should have followed my “wait” with a hand on her shoulder, or an explanation of why we were ignoring the green man this time, especially as I had in effect conditioned her to cross the road at the sight of the green flash.
I beat myself up for months, and still do, with flashbacks and horrible assumptions about what might have been. But for your sounding your horn, seeing what I hadn’t seen, I would have been left a mother on the other side of the road, totally broken. I apologize for putting you in that position—I can imagine that it upset you, too. You saved her life and I am so grateful.
1. What does the underlined part “the green man” in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．A pedestrian. | B．A policeman. |
| C．A traffic sign. | D．A button. |
| A．To stop the police car. |
| B．To show her impatience. |
| C．To greet passing pedestrians. |
| D．To draw the mother’s attention. |
| A．The mother didn’t regret what had happened. |
| B．The daughter didn’t follow the traffic rules. |
| C．The woman responded quickly and properly. |
| D．The police drove beyond the speed limit. |
| A．Angry and shocked. | B．Scared but relieved. |
| C．Guilty and confused. | D．Grateful but sad. |
4 . Scientists at the University of Bonn carried out extensive research to show that the water-drops rolling off a lotus（莲花）leaf carry away dirt，leaving the surface perfectly clean. This phenomena has been named the "Lotus Effect" and works best on rough surfaces.
Contrary to popular belief，lotus leaves are not smooth at all. When examined under a powerful microscope，the leaf cells show a bumpy surface. That makes the surface rough. As a result，dirt rests only on the tips of the wax crystals（蜡晶体）covering the leaf surface. The roughness reduces the contact area between the dirt and the leaf surface. A rough surface structure with wax crystals makes it impossible for water to stick. Due to the friction（摩擦力），the water contracts at once. It forms round waterdrops to minimize the contact area with the rough，waxy leaf surface and runs off the leaf very quickly. Since the dirt only rests on the tips of the wax crystals they stick more strongly to the waterdrops than to the leaf surfaces. They are washed away when the water falls on the leaves.
On smooth leaves，the dirt is pushed from one part of the leaf to the other. This is because the dirt has a larger contact area where they can rest comfortably on the flat surface. We must also keep in mind that water usually spreads and only partially runs off the leaves-that too，only if the leaf is tilted！The dirt may get driven，but they are mainly displaced from one side of the leaf to the other.
Scientists say that the "Lotus Effect" is particularly beneficial for it helps to protect the lotus leaves from harmful bacteria. The dirt on the leaves often contains tiny disease causing fungi and bacteria. While most of the bacteria get washed off，the few that remain eventually die since they do not get the water they require for survival and growth.
1. What is “Lotus Effect”？| A．The self-cleaning feature of lotus leaves. |
| B．The lotus surfaces' ability to kill harmful bacteria. |
| C．The dirt leaving off lotus leaves with the help of wind. |
| D．Lotus leaves making waterdrops from the dirt on them. |
| A．Flat. | B．Bended. |
| C．Flexible. | D．Rough |
| A．The rough and waxy leaf surface reduces the friction. |
| B．The smooth leaf surface makes waterdrops roll down. |
| C．The contact area between drops and leaves is too large. |
| D．The waterdrops fall on the leaves at a too high speed. |
| A．It can help the lotus grow healthily. |
| B．It can protect the lotus from sunshine. |
| C．It can make the bacteria more and stronger. |
| D．It can help the lotus leaves keep the required water. |
5 . China’ Forbidden City----traditionally off-limit at night for anyone except emperors and visiting dignitaries (显要人物）---- was decorated with lanterns as China celebrated the end of the Chinese New Year holiday. The complex, home to Chinese emperors for five centuries, was opened at night for the first time since it was reopened as the Palace Museum 94 years ago.
The complex and palace walls were illuminated with red lanterns and a light show, designed to recreate the feelings of the royal court, while the China National Traditional Orchestra and the Peking Opera performed. An image of a treasured scroll called A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains was cast onto the palace roof.
Most of China’s 1.3 billion people, however, had to watch the show on television. Only 3,000 people were allowed in: 2,500 invited guests and 500 people who booked their tickets online. “The 3,000 visitors can show off for the whole year,” one person said on Weibo. When booking for the second day opened at midnight, the booking system crashed for more than an hour due to great demand. The free tickets were quickly taken when it reopened. A lively secondary market soon appeared. Scalpers were selling tickets for as much as 9,999 yuan on online trading sites.
The Palace Museum is now on a campaign to attract more visitors, with its former curator Shan Jixiang saying he wants to make traditional Chinese culture more accessible to the general public. More than 80 percent of the palace is now accessible to visitors, up from 30 percent in 2012. Shan has set a target of 85 percent by 2020 to mark the palace’s 600th anniversary . Creativity today has made the Palace Museum younger and drawn traditional culture closer to the public.
1. What does the underlined word “illuminate”probably mean in Paragraph 2?| A．Cared for. | B．Lit up. |
| C．Picked out. | D．Kept safe. |
| A．By watching TV at home . |
| B．By grabbing free tickets online |
| C．By buying tickets from the secondary market. |
| D．By receiving invitation from the Forbidden City. |
| A．The campaign between museums will be better. |
| B．Creativity will make the Palace Museum younger. |
| C．Traditional Chinese culture will be recreated by foreigners. |
| D．About 85 percent of the palace will be accessible to visitors. |
| A．A Brief Introduction of the Forbidden City |
| B．Difficulties in Getting Tickets to the Forbidden City |
| C．Performances During the Light Show in the Forbidden City |
| D．Forbidden City’s First Opening to General Public at Night |
6 . A heated debate is currently going on in our town.Should we allow the cinema to be constructed in the Havenswood Shopping Center? There is just one large lot left to build on,and the theater would use up all of that space.Some people are excited at the idea of finally having our own movie theater.Others would rather travel ten miles to the nearest theater to keep our quiet town the way it is.They say it is enough to have Marvin’s Movie Video Rentals.After all,Marvin’s store keeps thousands of the latest videos.
There are certainly benefits to renting videos.For one thing,you can plan your own schedule when it is convenient for you.You can relax on your sofa,and take a break whenever you need one.You can also talk to others without bothering any strangers seated nearby.In additional,it is a less expensive way to view a movie compared to going to a theater.
On the other hand,seeing a movie in a theater is an experience all its own.First,you can see the movie on wide screen as the filmmaker intended.To be viewed on a television screen,a film must be changed in some way to make it smaller.One is the “pan-and-scan” method,which involves removing some of the details in the picture.The other way,called “letterboxing”,keeps the image the way it is on the big screen,with one annoying exception; because the big-screen version is wide,the same picture on a television screen must be long and narrow.
Another problem is sound.The sound from a television cannot compare to the sound system in a theater.Your experience of a movie improves when you can clearly hear all of the sounds.Furthermore,at home,viewing companions often talk during a movie,which makes you miss out on what’s happening in the film.
Besides,having a movie theater will not mean that you can’t still go to Marvin’s! You will just have a choice that you didn’t have before.Isn’t it time for Havenswood residents to enjoy a little progress?
1. The underlined word “lot” in Paragraph 1 means “__________”.| A．a great number | B．a complete group |
| C．an area of land | D．a result of chance |
| A．By using examples. | B．By making a comparison. |
| C．By carrying out a survey | D．By presenting different people’s view. |
| A．Marvin’s store stocks lots of recent videos. |
| B．It’ very convenient to go to Marvin’s store. |
| C．the owner of the store is friendly and helpful. |
| D．It is more comfortable to see films at home than in the theater. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Approving. | C．Doubtful. | D．Worried. |
