1 . The world continues to struggle with extreme heatwaves, which are becoming even more regular thanks to climate change.     1     Researchers have found that by wearing appropriate clothes, it is possible to save considerable energy, both saving money and cutting greenhouse gas emissions. So what should you wear?

When it comes to colour, most people wear white in summer, because white reflects the sun’s rays, rather than absorb the light.     2       When that heat from our bodies hits the white clothing, it is reflected back at us. A study of why Bedouins, who live in desert regions in the Arabian peninsula, Middle East and North Africa wear black robes (袍服) in the desert, found that heat exposure was the same whether they wore black or white robes.

How is that possible? Black coloured fabrics absorb heat coming from the body, which plays a role in cooling your body down.     3     The clothes heat up the space between the fabric and the skin, promoting an upward air current like a chimney—and providing cooling relief.     4       

In terms of material, it’s better to have fabrics that allow water vapour (蒸气) to pass through. Cotton absorbs moisture but it doesn’t dry quickly, so if you’re sweating a lot your clothes will stay wet.     5     Linen is widely worn as it has excellent breath ability due to its large fabrics, but like cotton it is slow to dry. Merino wool has been a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts as it’s breathable.

Therefore, it turns out that picking an outfit to stay cool is more complex than simply throwing on a white T-shirt. But the right fabric and appropriate fit work.

A．It means cotton does not do so great with this.

B．Cotton is considered as the most comfortable material

C．The clothing we wear is a vital component in how we stay cool.

D．So the fit of the clothing is actually more important than the colour.

E．So if you are considering what to wear, then stick with white T-shirt.

F．However, heat doesn’t just come from the sun—it comes from our bodies too.

G．The Bedouin’s secret is wearing loose-fitting black clothing, especially if it’s windy.

2 . It would be much more convenient if electric cars could be recharged wirelessly. Some electric toothbrushes and other small devices, such as mobile phones, can already be topped up in this way using a process called electromagnetic induction (电磁感应). This employs some kind of electrical current flowing through a coil (线圈) to create a varying magnetic field, which then generates another current in a second coil placed alongside it, which is used to recharge a battery.

As users of electric toothbrushes and phones will know, device and charger must be both close to each other and precisely adjusted for this process to work. That is tricky to achieve with an electric car, which sits above the ground and requires higher levels of energy transfer.

These problems are being overcome with advances like that made by WiTricity, a firm based near Boston. This company was founded in 2007 to commercialize the work of Marin Soljaèi and his colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr Soljaëi knew, in theory, that by having the transmitting and receiving coils resonate (共振) at the same frequency it should be possible to transfer greater amounts of energy over longer distances. In practice, he sought to commercialize the system to large companies, such as BMW.

An advantage of wireless recharging is what WiTricity’s boss calls “power snacking”. This is topping up the battery when a car is stationary for a short time. The company provides systems to recharge taxis in this way while they wait in line, and to do the same for electric buses at bus stops. It is also possible to charge vehicles while they are on the move. That might make sense in places where vehicles often queue up, such as at airports.

1. How can electric devices be charged wirelessly?

A．By devices close to chargers.

B．By high levels of energy transfer.

C．By an electrical current flowing through a coil.

D．By a process of electrical currents transformation.

2. What makes it possible for electric cars to get lots of energy wirelessly?

A．Commercializing the system to BMW.

B．Charging vehicles while they are on the move.

C．The transformation of energy over longer distances.

D．The good cooperation between the transmitting and receiving coils.

3. What does the underlined word “stationary” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Moving.

B．Motionless.

C．Firm.

D．Unchanging.

4. Which might be the most suitable title for the text?

A．Various forms of wireless-charging systems.

B．Advantages and disadvantages of wireless-charging.

C．How to charge a car with a wireless-charging system.

D．Wireless vehicle-charging is starting to look promising.

3 . 你校英文报社正在组织以“Learning through Traveling”为主题的征稿，请你以投稿的方式，用英语讲述假期里的一次旅游经历。包括以下要点：
1. 旅游地点；
2. 描述你的体验和感受。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好。

Learning through Traveling

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4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Several months ago, a Chinese volunteer Chen Mengying and her housemate Stacey Klinge from the United States had been making posters in their community in Shanghai. Posters     1     (feature) a character that looks like the Disney robot Baymax have been popular on the Internet, and got much praise from citizens for lightening the mood during the epidemic.

Chen Mengying, 32, and her American housemate Stacey Klinge, 33,     2     live in Difang Tianyuan housing community of Putuo district in Shanghai,     3     (come) up with the posters after realizing how tense the mood in their community had become because     4     the lockdown challenge. According to Chen and Klinge, their community, which     5     (be) under closed-loop (闭环) management since April 1, 2022, had problems shopping for daily necessities, and this led to several     6     (disagree) between residents and community management.

Eager     7     (help) lighten the mood, the two tried to spread some joy with their artistic skills.

Klinge said she was     8     (total) confused with her housemate’s suggestion to create a character based on dabai. Chen said she was thinking about Baymax from the animated film Big Hero 6. Seeing Baymax and Chinese pandemic workers both play the role of protectors in their worlds, the two decided to use     9     character for their posters. Their posters, which contained the     10     (late) pandemic measures and announcements for residents, have helped their weChat group full of a sense of optimism.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

An exhibition     1     (feature) traditional costumes of China’s Miao ethnic group and a show with models wearing Miao embroidery (刺绣) clothing kicked off on Sunday in Milan, the fashion capital of Italy. The event offered the audience an opportunity     2     (appreciate) the craftsmanship of Miao embroiderers at close quarters.

“Fashion first of all is culture,” Raffaela Godi, from the audience, told Xinhua. “This fashion show we just saw is an example of     3     is culture, art and fashion together.”

The Miao ethnic group residing     4     (large) in southwest China’s Guizhou Province has a population of 4.3 million and more than 100     5     (branch). Miao people use needles and threads to embroider patterns representing nature and the ethnic group’s history on their costumes. Due to its     6     (art) charm, techniques and rich culture, Miao embroidery has been recognized as a national-level intangible cultural heritage.

Shi Chuanying, an embroiderer from Taijiang County of Guizhou Province,     7     (bring) her works to the exhibition in Milan. “Miao embroidery’s presence at Milan Fashion Week will be     8     great significance to us, and I believe the embroidery will be appreciated on a global stage,” said Shi.

As an experienced embroiderer, she has led more than 300 local embroiders to make Miao embroidery products     9     (export) to France and Italy.

Long Youming, director of the Guizhou Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center, said the event is     10     good way to present traditional Chinese culture and accelerate the industrialization, internationalization and branding of Miao embroidery.

6 . In China, tea has become an important part of everyday life for thousands of years. As the tea-processing methods and tea culture have evolved over the years, tea sets have also changed to meet the practical and cultural needs.

During the Tang Dynasty(618~907AD), tea leaves were traded across the country and Asia. For the convenience of transportation and storage, tea leaves were pressed into bricks. To prepare tea, drinkers had to cut them into small pieces and boil them in heat-resistant teapots.

By the Song Dynasty(960-1279), drinkers started to turn the hard bricks into powders (粉末) that could be whipped (搅打) in a cup with boiled water. This whipped tea is most commonly associated with Japanese tea ceremonies today.

By the 1500s, tea bricks gave way to the form of rolled leaves. This innovation led to the invention and use of teapots as we know them today. These teapots originally came from the Yi Xing region of China and were soon copied throughout the world. Then Japanese teapot-makers moved the handle from the side to the top of the teapots.

Tea finally reached Europe in the 1600s, along with the necessary tea sets made in Japan and China. As English teapot-makers began to adapt the tea sets to their country men’s tastes, they eventually added a handle to the tea bowl because of the English habit of drinking hot black tea, which was consumed at higher temperatures. The size of teacups also grew to accommodate milk and sugar in their tea.

By the early 1900s, innovations in tea drinking became an American affair. The most revolutionary one was the tea bag, which was accidentally commercialized by Thomas Sullivan. He had been sending customers tea wrapped in silk bags. Rather than take the leaves out of the bags, as Sullivan intended, the customers put the bags into their teapots instead. Not only did the tea bags push the teapot back to the sidelines of tea service, they were also too large for teacups and led to the modern practice of drinking tea from mugs.

1. Which was used to make the whipped tea in Japan?

A．Rolled tea leaves.	B．Freshly picked tea leaves.
C．Powdered tea leaves.	D．Loosely pressed tea leaves.

2. Which innovation was first introduced by the British?

A．Tea bags and mugs.	B．Tea bowls with handles.
C．Heat-resistant teapots.	D．Teapots with top handles.

3. What can we learn from Thomas Sullivan’s story?

A．Customers are very creative.	B．Innovations are relatively easy.
C．Marketing strategy is critical.	D．Good ideas can be born by accident.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．The Development of Tea Sets	B．Varieties of Tea Leaves
C．Various Tea-making Methods	D．The Spread of Tea Trades

7 . For some ant queens, the secret to long life might be a self-produced insulin (胰岛素) blocker. Ant queens are famously long-lived even though they shouldn’t be. Generally, animals that put lots of energy into reproduction sacrifice some time off their life. But ant queens produce millions of eggs and live an extraordinarily long time compared with worker ants that don’t reproduce.

Now, researchers have shown how one ant species pulls off this anti-aging great work. When queens of the species, Harpegnathos saltator (跳跃蚁), are prepared to reproduce, a part of what is called the insulin signaling pathway gets blocked, slowing aging. In a rare behavior for ants, when a queen H. saltator dies, some female workers begin competing in fights for the chance to replace her. These hopeful royals start laying eggs and then change into queen-like forms called gamergates (雌工虫). When a worker changes to a gamergate, her life length becomes five times as long as it was. But if she doesn’t end up becoming a queen and goes back to a worker, her lifetime shortens again.

The researchers researched this behavior in these ants. It turns out that H. saltator gamergates extend their lifetime by taking advantage of a split in the insulin signaling pathway, the chain of chemical reactions that drive insulin’s effects on the body. One branch of this pathway is involved with reproduction, while the other is linked to aging.

Examining patterns of gene activity, expert Yan and his colleagues found that gamergates have more active insulin genes than regular worker ants and, as a result, have increased metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity and physical development. But the secret sauce protecting the ants from the insulin’s aging effects appears to be what is called Imp-L2, which blocks the branch of the insulin pathway linked to aging. The branch involved in reproduction, however, remains active.

These results represent a leap forward in our understanding of extreme social insect lifetime, while also showing an anti-aging evolutionary adaptation that hasn’t been seen in the wild before.

1. How does the author begin the text?

A．By listing data.	B．By quoting a saying.
C．By asking a question.	D．By describing a phenomenon.

2. What can we learn about gamergates from paragraph 2?

A．They live longer than before.

B．They rarely fight with each other.

C．They are resistant to become queens.

D．They are five times shorter than worker ants.

3. What do we know about Imp-L2?

A．It may prevent ants from aging.

B．It may reduce ants’ metabolic activity.

C．It may regulate ants’ physical development.

D．It may protect ants’ reproductive capability.

4. What does the author think of the research results?

A．Complicated.

B．Controversial.

C．Instructive.

D．Invalid.

8 . Origami (折纸工艺) is now pushing the limits of what scientists think is possible, particularly at the tiniest of scales.

I know Miskin, an electrical engineer at University of Pennsylvania. He and his students have been using a clean room to make an army of robots no bigger than dust. Such tiny robots require big creativity. That’s where origami comes in. Fold patterns will bend and move the same way at any size, at least theoretically. Created by using the same techniques as the computer chip industry, Miskin’s robots look like pieces of fat with arms and legs. When the robots are exposed to electricity, their arms and legs bend easily, helping them walk through a drop on a glass slide.

Miskin sees a world of possible ways these tiny robots can be used, from industry, tourism, service to other fields. Indeed, the art form, origami, holds particular promise for many fields. For example, Rus, an AI engineer developed a robot that can fold to fit into a pill capsule. After the capsule is swallowed, the robot unfolds and can be directed around the digestive system using programmable magnetic fields. An initial test demonstrated one possible use: removing the swallowed button batteries from the stomach, a potentially deadly condition experienced by thousands of children each year. “Just imagine using it to repair a wound,” Rus says. “We’ll see a future of surgeries with no pain and no risk of infection.”

These types of big dreams are where origami seems to help science flourish most. Origami has provided d new tool to fire the imagination and create technologies once thought impossible, including a boat that folds down to be small enough to fit in a car’s trunk.

On a bright fall afternoon, I took my boat for a spin on Virginia’s Lake Accotink. The plastic suitcase drew curious looks from passers-by as I unfolded it. Perhaps one day, folding forms will be considered prosaic. But for now, origami will continue to spark wonder and excitement as it pushes science, medicine and technology into the future and keeps me afloat as I leave the lakeshore.

1. What are Miskin’s robots like?

A．Flexible.

B．Transparent.

C．Awkward.

D．Fragile.

2. Which field is Rus’s robot used in?

A．Art.

B．Industry.

C．Medicine.

D．Tourism.

3. What does the underlined word “prosaic” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Fancy.

B．Thrilling.

C．Strange.

D．Ordinary.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Robots: Taking on Varieties of Art Forms

B．Origami: Being Applied in the Field of Art

C．Origami: Revolutionizing Science and Technology

D．Robots: Being Powered by Electricity and Batteries

9 . Ian Happ is a professional baseball player for a baseball team in the United States. When he first started playing with the team in 2017, he was looking for pictures to hang in his home. An idea and an unlikely partnership with a British artist came from that simple desire.

Happ wanted to show Wrigley Field, the team’s ballpark, from a different artistic vision. He said that many baseball fans had been to Wrigley Field but had never seen what the ballpark looked like, from the field. He thought looking up from the field was such a cool experience that he intended to bring that to more fans. So, from his point of view, he let the British artist Patrick Vale create three large drawings of Wrigley Field. Instead of having pictures hung in his home, the partnership led to something quite different.

Happ’s views of Wrigley Field became the project, Through My Eyes, in which fans could purchase prints. The money made in this way went toward those people in need. The drawings by Vale became See What I See, an exhibition at a Chicago’s gallery. The show lasted a period of time.

Happ ever brought Vale to Chicago in September of 2018 and showed him around Wrigley Field. Vale knew little about the sport of baseball. But he understood the connection fans had with Wrigley Field. Happ had to explain to Vale the importance of the 400-foot sign in the center field and the famous manual scoreboard. He had to teach him the correct positioning of the players. He also explained what it felt like standing in the field under the bright lights with a loud crowd.

Vale took pictures and used them to help him create drawings in great detail. He was very modest and would send rough drawings to Happ, who would mark them up in red ink, like a teacher, with suggestions. It was in this way that their cooperation was so successful.

1. What did Happ ask Vale to do?

A．Join the baseball team.

B．Find a different baseball field.

C．Create three pictures of his home.

D．Draw according to his own perspectives.

2. What is the main purpose of Through My Eyes?

A．To hold an exhibition.	B．To do charity.
C．To attract baseball fans.	D．To promote the printing trade.

3. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A．What Vale explained to Happ.

B．How Vale corrected Happ’s mistakes.

C．What Happ and Vale felt about the field.

D．How Happ introduced Vale about Wrigley field.

4. Which word can best describe Vale?

A．Humble.

B．Humorous.

C．Casual.

D．Conventional.

10 . In the end it was the dust that did it for the dinosaurs. At least that is the finding of computer simulations of the aftermath of the asteroid(小行星) impact that reshaped life on Earth 66 million years ago.

The cataclysmic(催化剂的) impact in what is now Chicxulub on Mexico’s Yucatán peninsula wiped out 75% of species on Earth, including non-avian dinosaurs. But the precise nature of the deadly blow has kept scientists busy for decades, with soot-spewing wildfires, volcanic eruptions and vast quantities of sulphur all considered culprits(罪魁祸首).

Writing in Nature Geoscience, researchers in Belgium argue that the “exact killing mechanisms” set in train by the impact remain poorly understood and that too little attention has been paid to the role of potentially trillions of tonnes of dust kicked up by the violent event.

Swirling(旋转) around in the atmosphere for years, soot, sulphur(硫磺) and dust all have the capacity to block out the sun and contribute to a global winter where vegetation fails, with destroying knock-on effects for the animals it supports.

To dive deeper into the role of the different factors, the scientists ran simulations of the ancient climate that took into account measurements of fine particles recovered from a site in North Dakota where a layer of dust generated by the Chicxulub impact (希克苏鲁伯撞击效应) settled.

According to the simulations, dust of the size found in Dakota could have remained in the atmosphere for up to 15 years after being exploded into the sky. By blocking out the sun’s rays, up to 2,000bn tonnes of it could have shut down photosynthesis(光合作用)for nearly two years and cooled the planet by up to 15℃.

Created from pulverised granite(粉碎的花岗岩) and other rock at the impact site, the dust “most likely drove the last mass extinction event through the disruption of photosynthetic activity,” said Cem BerkSenel, a researcher on the study. According to the computer models, it would have taken two years for photosynthesis to resume.

Steve Brusatte, a professor of palaeontology and evolution, described the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs as “disastrous”. “The asteroid didn’t kill all the dinosaurs in one go, but it was a more secret murderer, which triggered a war of conflict that led three out of every four species to die.”

1. Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?

A．The disasters asteroid impact happened in Belgium 66 million years ago

B．75% of dinosaur species on Earth died out in the impact

C．Scientists have paid little attention to tonnes of dust after the impact

D．Researchers in Belgium are totally against wildfires and volcanic eruptions being considered as culprits

2. How did scientist conduct the research to work out the “killing mechanisms”?

A．By floating around in the atmosphere for years

B．By performing computer simulations of the ancient climate

C．By measuring five particles

D．By generating a layer of dust

3. Why did the dust drive the last mass extinction ever according to the study?

A．It remained in the atmosphere for such a long time

B．It was blasted into the sky by the impact

C．It shut down the photosynthetic activity

D．It resumed the planet temperature by 15℃

4. What’s the main idea of the whole passage?

A．It is the dust that be the exact murderer of the mass extinction

B．Computer simulations reshaped life on Earth 66m years ago

C．The asteroid impact has been fully studied in Belgium

D．Dinosaurs were totally wiped out by the asteroid impact