增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Jim,
Knowing that you are interesting in China's "four great new inventions", I'd like to brief introduce one of them to you—high-speed rail. China's high-speed trains ran at a speed of 250—350 km per hour. The country's advanced transportation network has surprised at the world.
Since it takes only a little hours to travel from north China to south China, high-speed rail has given the public a convenient transport alternative. It has also attracted globe attention. As the result, many countries have imported Chinese high-speed rail technology to upgrade them own rail transport systems. I hope that the above informations will be helpful to you. If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate contact me.
Yours,
Li Hua
2 . The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
1. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?| A．Positive effects of doing exercises. |
| B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged. |
| C．Experimental studies on diseases. |
| D．Advantages of sporty woman over man |
| A．To predict their maximum heart rate. |
| B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity |
| C．To change their habits of working out |
| D．To detect their potential health problems |
| A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia. |
| B．Data collection was a lengthy process. |
| C．Some participants withdrew from it. |
| D．The results were far from satisfactory. |
| A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia |
| B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise |
| C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia |
| D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness |
1. 会合时间与地点；
2. 行程安排。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Merry,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
The Chinese spend an average of three hours a day on their smartphones,
The survey found that Brazilians spend the most time on their smartphones, about five hours a day,
Last year, a survey of 1, 000 children ranging from ages 0-5
Fear of missing out contributes to the high amount of phone checking. The lack of leisure activities is the main reason
5 . Venice is suffering the worst flooding the city has experienced in 50 years. The city is “on its knees” and Venetian Mayor Luigi Brugnaro tweeted as water submerged (淹没) much of the famous historical city.
While floods are a normal part of life in Venice, they have never happened with such frequency before. Experts say that climate change is likely to blame.
Flooding is just one of the many impacts from climate change that globally threatens many vulnerable (脆弱的) areas and regions. There is a threat that is not often considered.
Changes in the ocean will have a profound impact on many of these sites.
Experts say that the solutions to saving these sites will be varied, but many will be very expensive.
| A．Different ways can be adopted to save these sites. |
| B．Climate change will impact these sites in different ways. |
| C．It is the damage from climate change to the world’s heritage. |
| D．How to survive in these areas has become an issue for Italians. |
| E．However, putting in place protective measures has proven difficult. |
| F．Warming water threatens to kill much of the coral in the Great Barrier Reef. |
| G．Therefore, they suggest that countries should work together to protect heritage sites. |
6 . One of the most dangerous insects you need to watch out for during summer is mosquitoes. But no matter how you try to avoid them, some naturally attract mosquitoes more than others.
One of the most important facts to remember is that mosquitoes track people down by smell and body odour (气味), according to Bart Knols, PhD, a biologist devoted to the study of mosquitoes. The carbon dioxide people breathe out, along with chemicals from the skin, creates an “odour plume” that mosquitoes can detect from up to almost 100 feet away. “Each person gives off more than 300 chemicals from the skin, more than 100 in breathing out,” Knols says.
The specific mixtures on the skin that mosquitoes respond to vary by species. The yellow fever mosquito and Asian tiger mosquito, for example, respond well to lactic acid from skin. African malaria mosquitoes respond to a mix of fatty acids, according to Knols. Your individual mixtures and smells determine how much of a mosquito attraction you are, depending on the mosquito species. The mix of chemicals you produce is only partly in your control. These chemicals depend on your genetic make-up, health condition, diet, skin pH, and so on. “Bacteria on the skin break down the mixtures that we give off through our pores (毛孔), and these are the attractive smells,” Knols says. “So it is not actually we that draw mosquitoes, but the bacteria on our skin.”
Although this is a complex and partly understood phenomenon, Knols says that we do all have a unique smell. There are many folk stories about why some people are more or less attractive to mosquitoes. Some people falsely think the blood type is the cause? and others believe taking vitamin B or eating garlic makes people less attractive to mosquitoes—but Knols notes there’s no scientific data backing up these claims.
1. What do we learn from the second paragraph?| A．Nobody can avoid mosquitoes anyway. |
| B．Mosquitoes can detect people by smell. |
| C．A person breathes out over 300 chemicals. |
| D．People find mosquitoes annoying and harmful. |
| A．To warn people not to touch mosquitoes. |
| B．To persuade readers to protect the environment. |
| C．To help people distinguish poisonous mosquitoes. |
| D．To show how different mosquitoes react to mixtures. |
| A．Bacteria on the skin. |
| B．Specific blood type. |
| C．Smells from the hair. |
| D．Chemicals in the mouth. |
| A．Ways to make people more and more attractive |
| B．Folk stories about how mosquitoes attack people |
| C．The scientific reason you are a mosquito attraction |
| D．Different attitudes toward mosquitoes |
7 . Why do people long for celebrity news? At least some of the hunger centers around schadenfreude—having joy from the suffering of others. People often act as if joy is dependent on achieving material gain. Seeing people that seem to “have it all” suffer (going through divorce, drug abuse, mental illness, etc.) momentarily destroys that thought. And then people can think, “Perhaps it’s OK that I don’t have my own television show, and own four large houses.” Let’s chat a bit more about schadenfreude and related concepts. If you’ve been alive a couple of decades, you’ve certainly seen plenty of examples showing that money does not bring happiness. But what does bring happiness? One of the keys involves learning to fully attend to and enjoy the present moment—not just learning this as information, but, through practice, developing the skill of living mindfully in this moment.
Other keys to happiness involve developing the skill of compassion (同情) and loving kindness. This may seem strange to readers: developing a skill of compassion? Don’t you just have or not have compassion? There are some types of meditation (冥想) originating from Buddhist traditions that are designed to develop compassion and loving kindness.
The four related qualities developed by these types of meditation practices are termed: loving kindness, calmness, compassion, and sympathetic joy. Sympathetic joy is the exact opposite of schadenfreude—with sympathetic joy, we get joy from the joy of others. Think of a close family member doing well and notice the joy you feel—that is sympathetic joy. To develop more sympathetic joy, when something good happens to another person, say to yourself (with as much meaning as possible), “I’m happy for you. May your good fortune continue. May your good fortune grow.”
When a person, celebrity or not, is suffering, you can practice a compassion meditation. Close your eyes and imagine a scene that naturally brings forth sympathy, such as hugging a loved one, or holding a baby. Then imagine saying to the person suffering, “May you be free from suffering,” or “May your suffering ease.”
1. What can make us happy according to the author?| A．Having a well-paid job. | B．Owning great popularity. |
| C．Focusing on celebrities’ news. | D．Learning to live in the moment. |
| A．Compassion and loving kindness. | B．The origin of some traditions. |
| C．Happiness and meditation. | D．Meditation practices. |
| A．You cheer up when a celebrity gets divorced. |
| B．You crow over it when your schoolmate gets injured. |
| C．You’re delighted when your classmate wins a competition. |
| D．You’re pleased when a celebrity practices attentively meditation. |
| A．To show celebrities’ real life. |
| B．To introduce the findings of a study. |
| C．To stress the importance of happiness. |
| D．To correct the negative attitudes to other people’s sufferings. |
8 . Gorman is the youngest poet in US history. She became the youth poet laureate (获奖者) of Los Angeles at age 16 in 2014 and the first national youth poet laureate three years later. She has recently completed her studies at Harvard University.
Her mother, Joan Wicks, teaches in a middle school in Watts. Shuttling among the neighborhoods gave Gorman a window to the world. Her love for poetry dates at least back to the third grade when her teacher read Ray Bradbury’s Dandelion Wine to the class.
Gorman is a lot better at it now, but still working on her confidence as a public speaker. “Until two or maybe three years ago, I couldn’t say the letter ‘r’. Even to this day sometimes I struggle with it. I’d want to say ‘girls can change the world’, but I can not say so many letters in that statement, so I’d say things like ‘young women can shape the globe’.”
For Gorman, writing became a cure. “I used writing as a form of self expression to get my word on the page. So the more I recited out loud, the more I was able to teach myself how to pronounce these letters which for so long had been my greatest obstacle. Gorman said she also used a song from Miranda’s Pulitzer Prize-winning Broadway musical Hamilton to help with her speaking. “But I don’t look at my disability as a weakness,” said Gorman. “It’s made me the performer that I am and the storyteller that I struggle to be.”
In September, Gorman will release Change Sings, the first of two children’s books. The poet says she desires to publish a book “in which kids could see themselves as change-makers in history, rather than just observers”.
1. What happened to Gorman in 2017?| A．She became the US first youth poet laureate. |
| B．She graduated from Harvard University. |
| C．She applied for the youth poet laureate. |
| D．She turned into a public speaker. |
| A．Her mother’s encouragement. |
| B．Ray Bradbury’s works. |
| C．Miranda’s inspiration. |
| D．A laureate’s story. |
| A．To inspire kids to be the youth poet laureate. |
| B．To show kids some ways to observe the world. |
| C．To encourage kids to be change-makers. |
| D．To give the disabled some writing tips. |
| A．Gorman succeeded in becoming a storyteller |
| B．Gorman overcame her disadvantage in poetry |
| C．Gorman used writing to overcome a speech obstacle |
| D．Gorman’s weakness stopped her from being a speaker |
9 . Grand Canyon National Park Ranger Programs
Critter Chat
9:30 am Daily
(Meet at Grand Canyon Visitor Center)
Learn about some of the Grand Canyon’s diverse wild creatures who survive here in this place of extreme changes in exposure and climate. Wheelchair accessible. Family friendly.
Geology Walk
3:30 pm Daily
(Meet at Yavapai Geology Museum)
Learn how the Grand Canyon formed while exploring Yavapai Geology Museum during this short introductory talk. Why is it so deep, wide, and grand? Why does it exist only here and nowhere else in the world? Consider walking the Trail of Time following the program.
Guided Cedar Ridge Hike
7 am Daily
(Meet at the South Kaibab Trailhead)
A 3-mile (about 4.8 km) hike on an unpaved path. Allow 4 hours. Minimum 2 liters of water per person. Bring salty snacks, sunscreen, and wear hiking shoes. Not recommended for people with heart problems, or difficulty walking.
Fossil Discovery Walk
9 am Daily
(Meet at the Bright Angel Trailhead sign)
Walk among sea creatures that lived on this part of the continent 270 million years ago, before the age of the dinosaurs. This easy 1/2-mile (about 0.8 km) one-way walk explores an exposed fossil bed.
Note: Children must be accompanied by an adult in all programs. All programs are free of charge.
1. Which program is suitable for a family to learn the current wildlife?| A．Critter Chat. | B．Geology Walk. |
| C．Guided Cedar Ridge Hike. | D．Fossil Discovery Walk. |
| A．At Yavapai Geology Museum. |
| B．At the South Kaibab Trailhead. |
| C．At Grand Canyon Visitor Center. |
| D．At the Bright Angel Trailhead sign. |
| A．A one-way walk. |
| B．A wheelchair path. |
| C．An exposed fossil bed. |
| D．Some special requirements. |
10 . Life Outside London: Five Reasons to Visit the North of England!
Most people when visiting England will go to London. In fact most people don't even know much about England outside of London. It makes sense. It's the capital. There are lots to se there. However, as a northern girl, from a place just between Manchester and Liverpool, and a university student in Sheffield. I'd say the north is well worth a visit, and definitely as good if not better than London! Here are five reasons:
Friendliness
Northerners will chat to you on the bus, say hello in the streets and won't think you're crazy if you smile at them when you walk past. Friendly northerners might also call you "duck" or "love" don't worry, they call everyone that.
Gravy
Now although Southerners have gravy (a delicious meaty sauce that goes well with everything), they don't do it properly. You haven't lived until you've tried chip-shop chips swimming in gravy.
Beautiful Countryside
We have the Peak District, and the Lake District. They're both absolutely beautiful and definitely worth a visit. We also have some pretty amazing beaches too.
Excellent Party Cities
We have Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield You can't go wrong if you want to go on a night out here.
Low Cost
The same night won't cost you anywhere near as much up north! In London you can pay over for a pint, which is outrageous! For some reason, everything up North is cheaper, from food to drink to getting around, you can't go wrong when you're spending less money.
There are lots of lovely things to see in the North, so if you can brave the weather being a bit colder and wetter, it's definitely worth a trip.
1. Who might call you "duck" when you are visiting the north of England?| A．A warm passer-by. | B．A rude salesman. |
| C．A friendly southerner. | D．A cold teenager. |
| A．Get free beer. | B．Enjoy an all-night party. |
| C．Try chips in gravy. | D．Enjoy warm and dry weather. |
| A．In a recipe book. | B．In a science fiction. |
| C．In a business report. | D．In a travel magazine. |
