1 . If you were just going by the 1993 film Jurassic Park (侏罗纪公园), you might think that the Dilophosaurus (双冠龙) was pretty fast. But was it fast enough to beat Usain Bolt in a 100-meter dash?

That’s the question that University of Toledo physicist Scott Lee posed to his students. Lee says, “I’m always looking for new and interesting things that will excite the students, so I try and bring these concepts into the classroom.”

Plenty of other scientists have been just as fascinated by the biomechanics (生物力学) of dinosaur movement. For example, scientists created a 3D reconstruction of a T-rex tail to calculate that the animal likely moved at just under 3 mph according to a paper published in 2021.

Lee points to the variety of approaches that researchers can use to model such predictions. “We have the bones from many dinosaurs; with the Dilophosaurus and T-rex, we have essentially complete skeletons, he says. “ By looking at modern animals, you can get an idea of how big the muscles were. Then you can calculate how big of a force you could apply to the legs of a dinosaur to... model how fast it would go.”

For many students just starting to learn about physics, the difference between speed and acceleration isn’t always intuitive (直观的). “They tend to think of that as being the same thing－if you accelerate fast, you’re going to go fast,” says Lee“.   but they’re actually very separate concepts.”

In his class, Lee wanted to create a situation where the speeds between two subjects were roughly the same, but because the accelerations were different, so was the outcome. They ultimately concluded that Bolt would easily outrun Dilophosaurus. leaving it in the dust   by two seconds.

As Lee emphasized to his class the key factor was indeed acceleration. Following Newton’s second law of motion, where acceleration is dependent upon an object’s mass (质量) and force, Bolt’s smaller size would give him an early leg up. Lee says, “The bigger something gets and its acceleration becomes less. Dilophosaurus is so much heavier than Bolt, so it accelerates a lot slower.”

1. Why did Scott Lee raise the question in Paragraph 1 to his students?

A．To bring in a new concept

B．To meet his curiosity

C．To arouse students’ interest.

D．To beat an Olympic gold medalist

2. Which of the following is true according to the Passage ?

A．Lee made a 3D reconstruction of a T-rex tail to calculate its speed.

B．Modern animals’ muscles are about the same size as those of dinosaurs.

C．Lee’s students considered speed and acceleration to be very different concepts.

D．Lee wanted to choose two objects with almost the same speed for his class.

3. What can we learn from Lee’s words in Paragraph 7?

A．Because of his smaller size, Bolt accelerates faster

B．An object’s mass partly depends on its acceleration

C．The bigger something becomes, the faster it accelerates.

D．Dilophosaurus’ acceleration has nothing to do with its mass.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The difference between speed and acceleration.

B．The reason why Bolt can outrun a Dilophosaurus.

C．The application of Newton’s second law of motion.

D．An interesting and exciting class taught by Scott Lee.

2 . On June 15, the 100-day countdown to the Hangzhou Asian Games, the medal of the 19th Asian Games was released. The medal of the 19th Asian Games is named Shan Shui, which is another core element of the Asian Games, along with the official emblem (徽章) Tides Surging, mascots Congcong, Chenchen, Lianlian, color system Meeting the World and torch Eternal Flame. It is an important addition to the overall aesthetic (审美) of the event.

Shan Shui is characterized by the ceremonial jade (玉) Cong in the Liangzhu Culture(5,300BC-4,300BC). This square jade, integrated with a round medal, is truly unique and highly recognizable.

Shan Shui presents the geographical features of Hangzhou. By using prominent lines, the picture scroll of Hangzhou is outlined on the front side of the medal with misty hills on three sides and the city on one side, a rippling lake, and wavelike mountains beyond. The back side is shaped like a square seal, which means the athletes leave a beautiful mark on the Hangzhou Asian Games,

Shan Shui expresses the character of Hangzhou as the capital of ecological civilization, with natural landscape, clear water and green hills, creating invaluable assets, casting gold and silver medals.

Shan Shui shows the sportsmanship of climbing the heights. Reaching the top, one will become even higher. On the way to the summit, athletes strive hard, challenge themselves, and overcome one peak after another.

The medal will be made by painting, milling, trimming and polishing, gold and silver plating effect treatment, and protection treatment. The medal ribbon (绶带) will be hand-sewn on both sides using weave technology and environmentally friendly printing techniques. The bridge shaped buckle at the top of the ribbon highlights the Jiangnan characteristics of the water town and the bridge town. The linking method adopts the raw ear structure of the spring buckle shaft (弹簧扣轴) to fix the ribbon inside the medal.

1. Why is the medal of the Hangzhou Asian Games named Shan Shui?

A．It is a core element of the 19th Asian Games.

B．It represents the overall aesthetic of the event.

C．It is characterized by the ceremonial jade Cong.

D．It shows the city’s geographical and ecological features.

2. What kind of spirit does the medal of the 19th Asian Games contain?

A．Strive hard in unity	B．Live in harmony with nature
C．Leave a beautiful impression	D．Bravely challenge the new heights

3. What is mainly discussed about the medal in the last paragraph?

A．The processing techniques	B．The weave technology
C．The printing techniques	D．The linking method

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Countdown:the19thHangzhouAsianGames

B．Shan Shui: the medal of the 19th Asian Games

C．Liangzhu Culture: the unique and recognizable culture

D．Medal: the most core clement of the 19th Asian Games

3 . Sleep is always a theme we love to talk about. It is necessary for our bodies to be full of energy and minds to become fresh.

We hear all the time about needing to sleep for eight hours but that’s actually for an adult!     1     It means that a baby is the person who is going to need the most sleep.

When you think about it, babies seem to sleep a lot. That’s because of all the wonderful things their bodies are doing while they are growing up. They are getting bigger, learning new things and their bodies need time to slow down. As we grow up, these things don’t stop but our bodies get used to the work.     2    

A person in primary school might still need up to 12 hours of sleep a night! That sounds a lot, but think of all the wonderful things you do in a day and how hard it is sometimes to pay attention.     3    

Also just a fun fact, did you know what animal needs the most sleep? A koala!     4     That’s because they don’t eat as many delicious foods like us and they get a little sleepy.

    5     Only in this way can our bodies rest to be ready for another big day.

A．They can sleep up to 22 hours in the day.

B．The younger a person is, the more sleep he needs.

C．We need to close our eyes to stop some of the light.

D．So we need less sleep than we did when we were young.

E．It would also be difficult for the brain to go into a deep sleep.

F．You might have no energy for sports when you haven’t had enough sleep.

G．That’s why it’s so important to have a good diet and get enough sleep.

4 . Is it shi(是) or si(斯) in the sentence “Thus when Heaven is about to confer a great office on any man(故天将降大任于是/斯人也)…”? Not long ago, people had a heated discussion online about this. Most people “clearly remember” that it’s si, while their childhood textbooks say it’s shi.

It shows how unreliable(不可靠的) our memory can be. According to US psychologist Faith Brynie, memories can be influenced by imagination, belief and time. Many studies have proven that “feeling certain” about a memory sometimes has nothing to do with the facts.

Attitudes and beliefs change our memory.

Scientists at Cornell University, US, told college students a story about a man who walked out without paying a restaurant bill. The first group was told that the man “liked to steal”. The second group was told that he left because he got an emergency(紧急的) phone call.

One week later the first group remembered a higher bill-10 to 25 percent more than the bill actually was. The second group remembered a lower bill. The study showed that how we expect or believe things to happen can distort(扭曲) our memories.

Remembering things that never happened

In another experiment(实验), people watched a film and were asked: “How fast was the white car going when it passed the barn(谷仓) while traveling along the country road?”Actually there was no barn in the film. But about 20 percent of the students said they had seen the barn. Northwestern University scientist Kenneth Paller said that parts of the brain for really seeing an object and imagining an object overlap(重叠). So imagination after getting a hint(暗示) could leave a memory trace(痕迹) in the brain.

Si or shi

In the case of si or shi, some people said that si sounds more like ancient Chinese. That’s why most people relate it to the ancient classic. On the Internet, the version(版本) of si is also more widespread than shi, giving people a wrong hint.

1. In the first experiment, the first group remembered a higher bill because ________.

A．the students forgot the bill completely.

B．the students thought the man was rich enough.

C．the scientists made the students believe the man was bad.

D．the scientists told the students that the man should pay more.

2. What does the underlined word “hint” in the second experiment refer to?

A．The sights in the film.	B．Kenneth Paller’s words.
C．The word “barn” in the question.	D．A real barn in students’ memories.

3. What can we learn from the case of si or shi?

A．Feelings can decide people’s memories.	B．The version of shi is more widespread.
C．People’s memories are always unreliable.	D．There was no sound of shi in ancient Chinese.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Are you really sure?	B．Have you forgotten yet?
C．What should be remembered?	D．How is the memory improved?

6 . When she was just 8, Sammie Vance thought about a question. What breaks your heart? “For me, it’s seeing people who need a friend,” the seventh grader from Indiana, US. told People magazine. “I’ve been lonely myself, I don’t want others to feel that way.”

Soon after a summer camp. Vance learned about buddy benches(伙伴长椅). These benches are seats at a school playground. A lonely child can sit on it, which shows that he or she is in need of a friend.

She loved this idea. “This would be really cool.” Vance said. Then she got into action at once. She collected 725 kgs of bottle caps and found a factory to turn the caps into benches for her school. According to Vance, these benches cost much less than common park benches and are good for the environment.

Vance collected more for benches at other schools, too. She also made a website page for others to follow her journey and make bottle cap donations(捐赠). She was surprised that her small project had had an influence on people around the world. She even received bottle caps from Germany and Australia. But she has no plans of stopping. She said in an interview that even adults(成年人)can use a buddy bench because people at any age can feel lonely.

“I just look forward to making a difference.” she said, “and inspiring(激励)other people to make a difference.”

1. What makes Sammie Vance sad?

A．Seeing homeless people.	B．Seeing hungry people.
C．Seeing lonely people.	D．Seeing lying animals.

2. What did Sammie Vance collect to make buddy benches?

A．Bottle caps.

B．Glass bottles.

C．Old clothes.

D．Old chairs.

3. What may the writer want us to learn from the text?

A．Make more friends to live a happy life.	B．Try to help others and make a difference.
C．Work hard to make our dream come true.	D．Live a green life and protect the environment.

7 . 选词填空

place   ride   however   with   after   deal   bravely   better   feel   remind   different

Located in one of Beijing’s most active art communities, the Loneliness (孤独) Museum is always very crowded.     1    , everyone who visits the museum says that they are lonely. Divided into 13 parts including an office at night, the last subway and a hospital, the museum displays (展出) over 1000 lonely stories from     2     people. There are many notes with words of encouragement and ways     3     with solitude (孤独) on the walls and the stairs. They may feel     4     after seeing them. One of the museum’s owners Fang Fang says that people who come to work in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou may     5     lonely every now and then. So she wants to provide a     6     for them to relax. It     7     them that even though life is hard, there are lots of people like them. They are not alone.

    8     the development of technology, it is easier for people to get in touch with old friends and make new friends. However, young people are likely to feel lonely.

People may get used to loneliness as they get older     9     they experience important life events and life changes.

Luckily, our society is more tolerant (宽容的) towards this kind of young group, often encouraging them to face this crazy changing world     10    . In a room of the museum, with three bicycles, strangers can     11     together to light up the lights on the wall, which forms a sentence- “Loneliness comes together with love”.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Gui’an New Area, which boasts a giant data center cluster (集群) for China’s major telecom, internet and power companies, is accelerating the development of the     1    (country) digital economy through its strong computing power, officials said.

“In recent years, the area has continuously expanded the Gui’an data center cluster, accelerated the construction of the upstream and downstream industry chains, and     2    (make) efforts to promote data storage,     3    (operate) and utilization, thus     4    (provide) strong support for the high-quality development of the digital economy,” said Wang Ceng, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of Gui’an New Area.

Gui’an, in the southwestern province of Guizhou, is one of 19 national-level new     5    (area). It is playing     6    crucial role in implementing the country’s program     7    (build) more data infrastructure across the western regions.     8    (launch) in February last year, the program aims to guide the dense computing demand from China’s eastern regions for storage and computing in the western areas. Data centers require massive amounts of land, electricity and water, and     9    the eastern regions are economically developed, they face great pressure in energy supply     10    data storage and computing.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There’re many places to see lovely giant pandas in China. If you just want to see giant pandas, we recommend you go to Chengdu Panda Breeding and Research Base. It is the most easily     1     (access) panda base. You can see pandas at different ages. This base is huge but usually crowded.     2     this case, a private tour is the best way to get around the base to see many pandas and get the best experience.

There are three     3     (recommend) activities for a deeper panda experience. To begin with, you can join a panda volunteer program,     4     you can work by weighing and cleaning bamboo, making panda cakes, watching pandas being fed, and cleaning pandas’ home. Surely, at the end of the program, you     5     (receive) a panda keeper certificate.

    6     (additional), you can join in a Red Panda Volunteer Program. If you’ve already had such an experience before, you’ll know that you can have a zero-distance encounter with red pandas. You can feed a group of them without a fence in between. If you are interested in red pandas, our red panda volunteer program in Wolong Panda Center is waiting for your     7     (present).

At last, you can hike into     8     Habitat of Wild Pandas. If you want some unforgettable     9     (moment) with pandas, consider a hike in wild panda habitat in Wolong. Go     10     (track) panda, and see if you will be lucky enough to see a wild panda.

10 . It Was Monday, May 22, in Woodland, California. Michael went to the bank at about 11 a.m. to withdraw some money. When he entered, he ________ greeted the bank tellers (出纳).

Michael was a(n) ________, and he was known for his jokes. He’s also got ________ instincts (直觉). Michael sensed a(n) ________ of joking. Everyone was scared and concerned. Then, he noticed a man at a teller’s window. He was Eduardo, 43, who gave a note to the teller ________ he was armed (武装的) and robbing the bank.

At one ________, his face was uncovered, and Michael ________ him as his old neighbor Eduardo. “I don’t want to hurt anyone.” This was what the man shouted as everyone hoped he was telling the ________. Michael felt something different. “From the way he was talking, he seemed ________,” Michael shared. He asked Eduardo what was wrong and if it was because he didn’t have a job. He then ________ Eduardo and asked if they could talk outside. Once outside, Michael hugged Eduardo. Suddenly Eduardo began ________ all the heavy burdens he had been carrying. The police arrived and found out that he wasn’t armed, and he was put in prison for ________ robbery. Michael plans to visit Eduardo in prison and says that love has the ________ to beat every defeat.

Michael’s actions went viral. However, we still want to clarify that while his ________ were amazing, he was doing it at the ________ of his own life.

1.

A．gratefully

B．evidently

C．actually

D．happily

2.

A．user

B．regular

C．explorer

D．favorite

3.

A．strict

B．familiar

C．unusual

D．interesting

4.

A．lack

B．rate

C．addition

D．struggle

5.

A．pretending

B．expecting

C．assuming

D．claiming

6.

A．stage

B．point

C．counter

D．test

7.

A．admitted

B．sought

C．selected

D．recognized

8.

A．truth

B．opposite

C．condition

D．failure

9.

A．excited

B．upset

C．curious

D．confused

10.

A．greeted

B．rejected

C．approached

D．awarded

11.

A．crying out

B．working out

C．taking in

D．turning in

12.

A．attempted

B．chosen

C．limited

D．documented

13.

A．honor

B．feature

C．power

D．detail

14.

A．arrangements

B．instructions

C．jokes

D．intentions

15.

A．crack

B．risk

C．sight

D．thought