1 . To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Nahrendorf's declaration that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird locking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use Our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who declare that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not restricted to the few.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
1. Why does the author give the examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl?| A．To show that technology could be used to destroy our world. |
| B．To stress the author's concern about the safety of complex technology. |
| C．To prove that technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man. |
| D．To demonstrate that being a human creation, technology is likely to make an error. |
| A．were out of range | B．got out of control |
| C．fell out of use | D．went out of date |
| A．it has a great potential impact on society |
| B．it has helped to switch to an information technology |
| C．the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind |
| D．the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before |
| A．keen insight into the nature of technology |
| B．sharp criticism of the role of the Industrial Revolution |
| C．thorough analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers |
| D．comprehensive description of the negative consequences of technology |
2 . Nothing seems more inevitable than aging and death-not even taxes. Every plant, animal and person you have ever seen will
We already know that some animals do not seem to age. Many cold-water ocean fish and some amphibians（两栖动物）never
Throughout the history of life on earth, one of the most common difficulties that animals and their cells） have faced has been a lack of food. About 70 years ago, scientists discovered that when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories than they would
About 15 years ago, armed with powerful new molecular-research technique, a few scientists began to
| A．suddenly | B．eventually | C．gradually | D．unexpectedly |
| A．desire | B．feeling | C．fear | D．understanding |
| A．develop | B．design | C．control | D．solve |
| A．reach | B．acquire | C．need | D．display |
| A．brains | B．environment | C．growth | D．genes |
| A．but | B．or | C．and | D．nor |
| A．rarely | B．occasionally | C．normally | D．mainly |
| A．resistant | B．similar | C．essential | D．accessible |
| A．quickens | B．slows | C．avoids | D．overcomes |
| A．available | B．extra | C．specific | D．original |
| A．investigate | B．illustrate | C．record | D．prove |
| A．famous | B．generous | C．responsible | D．convenient |
| A．on | B．to | C．in | D．by |
| A．disappointed | B．depressed | C．starved | D．scared |
| A．look | B．feel | C．live | D．become |
A glimpse at the “private, hidden face” of Albert Einstein, including the celebrated scientist's thoughts on everything from his fears
The collection, which includes a previously unknown photograph of Einstein as a five-year-old and the only
“What is remarkable about them comes from the fact that he had this incredibly close relationship with his sister. It's quite clear that
In 1924, nine years after he completed the general theory of relativity in 1915. Einstein would write to Maja that “scientifically I haven't achieved much recently-the brain gradually goes oft （停止）
Venning said he had not seen Einstein
4 . Zelda Fitzgerald, as is revealed by numerous personal books and letters, wore many labels in her life. She was “the original flapper girl” and “the spirit of the Jazz Age.” Married to the celebrated writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (author of The Gireat Giatsby), she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life. In her later years she was “Crazy Zelda”.
Accurate as all these descriptions may be, they do not tell the whole story. Born in Montgomery, Alabama, she was noted for her beauty and high spirits in dancing. In July 1918, at a country club dance, Fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18-year-old Zelda who out-shined(使逊色)other beauties with her distinguished ballet. A light affection evolved into a lengthy long-distance pursuit of weekly letters, with Fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men. He courted her after his discharge from the Army in February 1919, but Zelda had doubts. Her fiance wasn't rich and there was no guarantee he’d ever be famous. His short stories didn’t sell. His apartment was a dump. Zelda gave back the ring. Hoping to fix the “no money” part of his problem. Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite novels for success and money so that he could win back his girl. Finally, he made it! On March 20, 1920, his novel This Side of Paradise got published and Zelda agreed to marry him.
However, their marriage was troubled by wild drinking, fighting, infidelity(不忠实)and bitter recriminations. Emest Hemingway, whom Zelda disliked, blamed her for Scot’s declining literary output, though she has also been portrayed as the victim of an overbearing husbano Actually. Zelda was also creative, pursuing both dancing and writing. Some scholars have portrayed Zelda as a creative talent ignored by the patriarchal(男权的)society of the day. Her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation-Scott used their relationship as material in his novels, even borrowing episodes from Zelda’s diary and applying them into his fictional writings. She detested(讨厌)her husband’s practice: “Mr. Fitzgerald-I believe that is how he spells his name-seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.” To seek an artistic identity of her own value, as she put it “I wish I could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist.”
Nevertheless her unique personality was starting to seem more unbalanced than charming. The couple-like the rest of the nation-was living on borrowed time. In October 1929 the stock market crashed, triggering the Great Depression. Six months later, Zelda suffered her first nervous breakdown. After being diagnosed with schizophrenia（精神分裂), she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics, and since then has departed with her husband. Zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in Asheville, North Carolina, putting an end to her flamboyant(绚丽夺目的)life. A young woman, especially one in the 1920s, who was against traditional dress and behavior.
1. Where will you most probably find this article?| A．In a newspaper. | B．In a literary magazine. |
| C．In a prepared speech | D．In a research report. |
| A．Ideal partnership | B．Unbalanced love relationship. |
| C．Love-hate relationship. | D．Mutually-jealous relationship |
| A．copying | B．adaption |
| C．reference | D．imagination |
| A．Fitzgerald successfully won Zelda’s heart by reading her his novels and writing her weekly letters. |
| B．Hemingway disliked Zelda because of her female identity and talent that outshined her husband. |
| C．Zelda was glad to be her husband’s muse and provided him with literary materials. |
| D．The “Crazy Zelda” died without Fitzgerald’s companion after severe schizophrenia. |
| A. threatened B. enthusiastically C. charge D. viewed E. command F. satisfy G. undoubtedly H. approval I. favorable J. treasured K. considerable |
Public image doesn't make money directly. nor is it anything visible. However, excellent public image is such an important thing that it is
A firm's public image plays a vital role in the attraction of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders as stockholders, supplies, creditors (贷款方), government officials, as well as different special groups. With some things it is impossible to
A firm's public image, if it is good, should be
It was nearing midnight and the Prime Minister was sitting alone in his office, reading a long memo that was slipping through his brain without leaving
He was waiting for a call from the President of a far distant country, and
This particular opponent had appeared on the news that very day, not only to list all the terrible things that had happened in the last week (as though anyone needed reminding)
The Prime Minister's pulse quickened
7 . A team is a group of people who have been chosen to work together to do a particular job. Team members have a (an)
To ensure a team work effectively, team communication is
Also team communication can make the team more productive and thus make the team operations flawless,
So what can be done to make team communication
Also make member of your team
Communicate with the members of your team regularly, and keep on telling them about the latest changes and the most recent
Meet your team members on a regular basis, and make the meeting interactive by giving every team member a
| A．ordinary | B．common | C．usual | D．average |
| A．obtained | B．required | C．ordered | D．respond |
| A．brings out | B．breaks out | C．brings in | D．breaks in |
| A．changing | B．developing | C．forming | D．improving |
| A．slow | B．smooth | C．secure | D．stable |
| A．enjoyable | B．reliable | C．sensitive | D．effective |
| A．served | B．reflected | C．satisfied | D．respected |
| A．clear | B．curious | C．cautious | D．crazy |
| A．goal | B．plan | C．design | D．process |
| A．settlement | B．development | C．statement | D．achievement |
| A．conflict | B．disability | C．problem | D．dilemma |
| A．thoroughly | B．roughly | C．actually | D．apparently |
| A．business | B．affairs | C．commands | D．information |
| A．reason | B．chance | C．possibility | D．excuse |
| A．happiness | B．surprise | C．appreciation | D．comprehensive |
8 . Writer and journalist Cristina Odone aroused widespread anger by suggesting that her daughter was being pressured to take science for graduation exams and this was unreasonable for a child with a literary bent. She even claimed that “this focus on STEM[Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics] subjects sends a message that makes her and me uncomfortable:doing a man's work is more impressive than doing a woman's.”
Like many others, I totally disagree with her position as a scientist. Taking science to age 16should simply be seen as part of obtaining a well-rounded education. Furthermore, identifying STEM as a man's subject leads in part to our serious lack of diversity（多样性）in the scientific workforce. Meanwhile, many male authors and poets might be surprised to learn that literature is“woman's work”.
Novelist Lucy Ellman once wrote,“The purpose of artists is to ask the right questions, even if we don't find the answers，whereas the aim of science is to prove some silly points.” But proving some silly points might save your life，light your home，allow you to surf the web or visit your relatives living far away. Only someone who has never considered how extensive the outputs of science are in our society could write such a“silly”sentence.
However, having said that, I am not trying to denigrate the work of the humanities. I do not see this as an either/or situation but it's all part of being human. I admire and appreciate those who try to express things hard to be described in words, but it simply isn't my strength. I may wholeheartedly believe that science is vital but that doesn't mean I think the humanities（or indeed the social sciences）are not. Since science costs more to do than arts subjects, more funding should go to science. That statement is not equal to saying that the humanities should not be properly funded. Somehow, we are constantly being put in opposition, a divide that is damaging to both scientists and non-scientists.
So why are the humanities important to me？I would say it is exactly because I am human. I sit here typing listening to a Schubert piano trio. I have been reading EP Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class to try to understand how our society was and is the shape it is. Scientists may be capable of dealing with the ethics（道德标准） of their work, but they cannot and should not answer the question of whether we should do this in isolation. Answering the many questions that our developing scientific capabilities throw up requires the input of researchers from many fields.
So let us enjoy our capabilities on all fronts, recognizing that we each have different strengths and weaknesses. It's time to ban the damaging divide that sets one part of the research community against another and celebrate our humanity as well as the Humanities.
1. The writer quotes words from Cristina Odone and Lucy Ellman to show that________.| A．doing a man’s work is more impressive than doing a woman’s |
| B．some people may have a narrow understanding of science |
| C．the purposes of artists and scientists are totally different |
| D．a well-rounded education is crucial to the diversity in society |
| A．“I am not an expert in the work of the humanities” |
| B．“I don't think the work of the humanities important” |
| C．“I don't want to play down the work of the humanities” |
| D．“I admire and appreciate the work of the humanities” |
| A．To explain how extensive the outputs of science are. |
| B．To call on scientists to understand the society and the shape of it. |
| C．To prove that the humanities are important to scientists too. |
| D．To advise scientists to deal with the ethics of their work. |
| A．reveal people’s weakness in expressing complex thoughts in words. |
| B．reject the idea that science only proves some silly points. |
| C．illustrate that scientists have strengths and weaknesses. |
| D．appeal to stop treating humanities and science as opposites. |
| A. participants B. missing C. remotely D. doubtful E. conducted F. rush G. tolerated H. particularly I. reflects J. efficient K. monitors |
Digital technology — email and smart phones especially — have vastly improved workers' ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey of office workers
Suspicious bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced (加深) by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they've watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework, and 28 percent have cooked dinner. If people find no one
It is true, however，that working at home makes people much more
The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted
More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be
10 . Although identical twins look exactly alike, they differ in many small ways, and these differences increase with age. They may also differ in more
Lately, however, studies of identical twins have led scientists who are working on the cutting edge of genetics research to a different and brand-new conclusion: Genes and the environment are not the only
To understand epi-genetics, think of our DNA as a script for a play. Every actor —
Scientists are not entirely sure why such
What has astonished scientists is that these effects could be passed on to the next generation. This was surprising because genes and the environment had always been considered
Although the environment cannot alter the genetic code, it can change gene
| A．effective | B．practical | C．appropriate | D．dramatic |
| A．distinctions | B．comparison | C．interaction | D．connection |
| A．alternative | B．fundamental | C．physical | D．maximum |
| A．takes place | B．comes into existence | C．comes into play | D．takes shape |
| A．shape | B．reflect | C．foresee | D．diagnose |
| A．in other word | B．to name a few | C．in this case | D．by contrast |
| A．For example | B．In addition | C．However | D．Otherwise |
| A．recovery | B．transformation | C．nursing | D．development |
| A．especially | B．hardly | C．mostly | D．nearly |
| A．annual | B．proper | C．essential | D．speedy |
| A．harmful | B．basic | C．alarming | D．obvious |
| A．favourable | B．initial | C．creative | D．behavioural |
| A．consider | B．identify | C．control | D．explain |
| A．casual | B．independent | C．external | D．limiting |
| A．therapy | B．defect | C．pool | D．expression |
