注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
2 . Every year I’d read over 2,000 college applications from students all over the world. It is quite
The most surprising
The security guard wrote that he supported this student’s admission because of his
It gave us a
Next year there might be a flood of security guard recommendations
A.definite | B.difficult | C.delicate | D.desperate |
A.However | B.Otherwise | C.Besides | D.Therefore |
A.ability | B.quality | C.limitation | D.assumption |
A.signal | B.detector | C.appearance | D.indication |
A.come out | B.picked up | C.come across | D.brought up |
A.stood up | B.stood out | C.given up | D.given out |
A.guard | B.teacher | C.principal | D.counselor |
A.wisdom | B.bravery | C.encouragement | D.consideration |
A.bothered | B.answered | C.visited | D.thanked |
A.as if | B.now that | C.even if | D.so that |
A.weird | B.accurate | C.equal | D.initial |
A.passion | B.trouble | C.method | D.window |
A.due to | B.in need of | C.except for | D.along with |
A.money | B.notice | C.attention | D.curiosity |
A.policy | B.trend | C.arrangement | D.career |
3 . One day, Tim came home from school. His face was filled with sadness and
“Once, in a dense forest, there lived an oak tree,” said John. “One day, a fierce storm
Tim asked his grandfather, “What does this story mean?”
John smiled and said, “In life, we face difficulties and
Tim understood and faced
The wise grandfather taught his grandson the
A.hope | B.confidence | C.improvement | D.anger |
A.confusing | B.attracting | C.causing | D.assisting |
A.dreams | B.proposals | C.measures | D.complaints |
A.formed | B.folded | C.floated | D.calmed |
A.survived | B.poured | C.gathered | D.circulated |
A.Worried | B.Serious | C.Careful | D.Curious |
A.argued | B.expanded | C.approached | D.spun |
A.quarrelled | B.pressed | C.appealed | D.replied |
A.hear | B.understand | C.doubt | D.fear |
A.patterns | B.blanks | C.troubles | D.talents |
A.conflicts | B.permits | C.theories | D.voyages |
A.convincing | B.temporary | C.direct | D.true |
A.greetings | B.accusations | C.challenges | D.attempts |
A.grew up | B.showed up | C.came in | D.set off |
A.root | B.importance | C.output | D.discovery |
4 . Personalized medicine changes conventional medicine which typically offers blanket recommendations and offers treatments designed to help more people than they bam but that might not work for you. The approach recognizes that we each possess unique characteristics, and they have an out size impact on our health.
Around the world, researchers are creating precision tools unimaginable just a decade ago: superfast DNA sequencing(排序); tissue engineering, cell reprogramming, gene editing, and more. The science and technology soon will make it possible to predict your risk of cancer, heart disease, and countless other illnesses years before you get sick. The work also offers prospects for changing genes in removing some diseases.
Last spring, researchers at the National Cancer Institute reported the dramatic recovery of a woman with breast cancer, Judy Perkins. The team, led by Steven Rosenberg, an immune(免疫的) treatment pioneer, had sequenced her cancer cells’ DNA to analyze the sudden change. The team also removed a sampling of immune cells and tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells' genetic faults. The scientists reproduced the winning immune cells by the billions and put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells. More than two y cars later. Perkins, a retired engineer from Florida, shows no signs of cancer.
Thirty years ago, scientists thought that it would be impossible to understand our genetic rules and sequence the 3.2 billion pairs of different elements in our DNA. “It was like you were talking fairytales,” Kurzrock said. “The conventional wisdom was that it would never happen. Never And then in 2003, never was over.”
It took the Human Gene Project 13 years, roughly one billion dollars, and scientists from six countries to sequence one gene complex. Today sequencing costs about a thousand dollars. The latest machines can produce the results in a day. The technology, combined with advanced cell analysis, clarifies the astonishing biochemical variations that make every human body unique.
1. What can we know about personalized medicine?A.It has emerged a decade before. |
B.It offers blanket recommendations. |
C.It uses genetic information to help patients. |
D.It administers treatment intended for most people. |
A.Promising. | B.Highly risky. | C.Fruitless. | D.Strictly confidential. |
A.Sequencing her immune cells. |
B.Reprogramming her cancer cells |
C.Analysis of her life style changes. |
D.Identification of cancer-fighting cells. |
A.Its wide applications. | B.Its recent advances. |
C.Its major disadvantages. | D.Its attractive prospects. |
5 . The idea that the standard human body temperature is about 98.6℉ (37℃) was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health—a diagnostic tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator if someone is sick or well.
However, it turns out that this well-established fact isn’t, in fact, correct—or, to put it more accurately, human beings have been getting cooler over the years.
Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm (标准), so the Stanford team, led by Julie Parsonnet, MD, professor of medicine and of health research and policy, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends and, perhaps, uncover the reason why this cooling is happening.
For their research, the Stanford team looked at three distinct datasets (数据集) from three historical periods. One was military service records, medical records, and pension records from Union Army veterans of the American Civil War that were compiled from 1862 to 1930. The second was from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Ⅰ collected between 1971 and 1975, and the third from adult patients visiting Stanford Health Care from 2007 to 2017.
In all, the team went through 677,423 temperature measurements, making sure that temperatures recorded were accurate rather than the result of poorly designed thermometers (温度计). They did this by looking at the change in temperature inside each group over time to ensure that the curves (曲线) showing a decrease were consistent between the datasets.
At the end of the day, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body temperature of 0.59℃ lower than those born in the early 19th century, while modern women showed an average decrease of 0.32℃ compared to those born in the 1890s. Together, this means that human body temperatures have fallen by 0.03℃ per decade.
1. What is Wunderlich’s achievement?A.He was the inventor of the thermometer. |
B.He set up a standard for normal body temperature. |
C.He discovered humans’ body temperature trends. |
D.He put forward the theory of normal human body temperature. |
A.By having interviews. | B.By conducting field research. |
C.By analyzing historical records. | D.By doing experiments in the lab. |
A.The quality of thermometers. | B.The backgrounds of the subjects. |
C.The sorting of the collected datasets. | D.The number of adult patients involved. |
A.Modern women’s body temperatures have risen over the past century. |
B.The 19th century saw the greatest increase in men’s body temperatures. |
C.The 21st century saw the greatest decrease in men’s body temperatures. |
D.Men’s body temperatures have fallen faster than women’s over the years. |
6 . In most cases, people pick the easy way out: the path of least resistance. Yet it’s the hard choice—the path of most resistance—that is more beneficial and provides most success in the long run.
How do these paths differ? What are the dangers of an easy life? What are the rewards of a hard life? How do you start taking the path of most resistance? Let’s cover all these questions.
Taking the path of least resistance means choosing the easiest available option, with little regard for its long-term consequences. For example, you eat whatever you like, whenever you like, and in whatever amount you like. This is often combined with avoiding physical activity because it’s too exhausting and uncomfortable. It may feel nice at first but all that indulgence has a very high price. In that case, it’s guaranteed being fat. Most people in the modern world follow this path, and this is why so many people struggle with a lack of self-discipline, good habits, etc.
The path of most resistance is about choosing the option that will lead to more personal growth, even if it means suffering in the early stages of the process. For example, it may cost you a lot to quit watching TV for hours on end. But over the long term, you’ll free up a lot of time that will lead to a more satisfying life than that of a couch potato.
At first sight, this approach is unappealing. It requires effort, loss of pleasure, and leads to potential suffering. Yet, on the other side of all that lies a world of more confidence, self-discipline and mental recovery. In the end, they do more than just making up for the fleeting superficial pleasures.
We’re lazy by nature. If we can do something more easily and comfortably, we’ll always choose that path over the one that’s harder. This tendency is an extremely powerful force, even when scientific research makes it clear that it’s bad for us.
1. What is the purpose of the questions in paragraph 2?A.To introduce the content. |
B.To explain a phenomenon. |
C.To share the issues related. |
D.To comment on the easy-path choice. |
A.A serious weakness of humans. |
B.A decision without full information. |
C.A habit of acting to pleasures. |
D.A choice made with careful thinking. |
A.Their lack of exercise. |
B.Their low level of self-discipline. |
C.The consumption of too much fat and sugar. |
D.The abnormal development of society. |
A.Oversleeping on weekends. |
B.Taking your favourite sport regularly. |
C.Quitting a well-paid job and taking a low-paid one. |
D.Eating something you dislike to balance your diet. |
7 . Argentinians aren’t known for helping strangers, but young people are leading the way in tough times.
There are thousands of people living on the streets across the capital, and 43% of the country’s population lives in poverty. It’s a reflection of the terrible economic crisis and sky- high inflation (通货膨胀) that’s enveloping the country. Some 600 volunteers are working to fill the void(空白) where government services and the labor market are falling short. These volunteers may not be well off, but they offer whatever they can to lift their neighbors up: a hand, a meal, or simply some of their time.
Generosity of time and affection is generally reserved for family and close friends in Argentina. But there are significant increases in volunteering in times of the greatest crisis.
Study found a correlation between volunteering and general satisfaction. Some 23% of respondents who said they volunteered last year indicated Argentina as the best place for them to live, compared to only 14% of non-volunteers.
Carmela Pavesi, an organizer in her mid-20s said, “You don’t need a lot of money or a lot of things,” she said. “With the people you have nearby, wherever you are, you can do something with what you have.”
“Today there are more people living on the streets, more people in need, more people begging for money or help,” said Eduardo Donza, a researcher with the Social Debt Observatory at the Universidad Católica de Argentina. “If we don’t generate more wealth, if we can’t create more good jobs, we’re never going to come out of this.”
The crisis itself pushes people together, uniting in empathy (共鸣). “Volunteering can’t solve these wider issues on its own. But it seems to me like solidarity has increased. That willingness to help matters,” he added.
1. What do we know about the Argentinians mentioned in paragraph 2?A.They are unwilling to help the poor. | B.They are applying to be volunteers. |
C.They are going through hardships. | D.They are leaving their hometown. |
A.It mainly involves the students. | B.It brings about life satisfaction. |
C.It makes people wealthier. | D.It costs a great deal. |
A.Inflation. | B.Satisfaction. |
C.Wealth. | D.Unity. |
A.Helping neighbors in hard times | B.Getting rid of poverty together |
C.Showing sympathy for the poor | D.No longer living on the streets |
8 . As Norwood drove through St. Petersburg, Florida, the laughter from the four teenage girls inside her car suddenly gave way to
Then smoke
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back and found Simmons stuck in the back
Kneeling on the lawn and looking down at her
Soon, paramedics (医务人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to hospital. When she heard how Norwood had saved her life, “I wasn’t
A.horrors | B.screams | C.pains | D.concerns |
A.crashed | B.pulled | C.settled | D.fell |
A.left | B.rose | C.jumped | D.disappeared |
A.speed up | B.run out | C.wear out | D.blow up |
A.injure | B.free | C.care | D.control |
A.freedom | B.rescue | C.life | D.target |
A.seat | B.window | C.car | D.handle |
A.moving | B.crying | C.listening | D.praying |
A.kicked | B.pushed | C.threw | D.pressed |
A.safety | B.shelter | C.home | D.hospital |
A.mouth | B.head | C.heart | D.shoulder |
A.smiling | B.disturbing | C.dying | D.troubling |
A.ways | B.terms | C.hopes | D.times |
A.thought | B.food | C.water | D.air |
A.touched | B.delighted | C.terrified | D.shocked |
9 . As a child, Liu Wenwen didn’t like the suona, a “loud” traditional Chinese musical instrument, also an ancestral treasure of her family that was to become her career.
Liu says she felt ashamed. In the 1990s, people admired things that were modern and international. The suona was considered out of date. Her father’s family has performed with the suona for seven generations, while the tradition on her mother’s side of the family can be traced back to the early Qing Dynasty. Despite her unwillingness, she followed her parents to play the suona as early as 3 years old. Besides it, Liu has also learned traditional Chinese vocal music and dancing — skills that have improved her oral muscles and sense of rhyme, helping equip her to be a professional musician.
It wasn’t until 2008 that she first found suona music beautiful. That was when she entered the Shanghai Conservatory of Music to learn the instrument more systematically from Liu Ying, a professor and top player. “The music played by the professor is just amazing, and different from what I had heard before,” she says.
She loves exchanging ideas about suona playing techniques with her students. “It’s wonderful to see the younger generation carrying on this cultural tradition.” Liu Wenwen said she is pleased to see the suona regain popularity among young people, sometimes combined with jazz, opera and other art forms. This has stopped its decline in the 1990s. Her name, when mentioned on China’s social media platforms, often is followed by a video of her live performance at a concert in Sydney, Australia. Westerners were amazed by the loud, unfamiliar instrument and its colorful music. “I felt my hard work had paid off. I trained for over 20 years, probably just to win cheers and applause for traditional Chinese music on the international stage.”
1. What urged Liu Wenwen to learn to play the suona?A.Career pressure. | B.Social trend. |
C.Family tradition. | D.Her professor’s performance. |
A.Her early passion for suona. | B.Her exposure to vocal music and dance. |
C.Her learning knowledge of rhyme. | D.Her performing experiences with family. |
A.By learning from the famous professor Liu. |
B.By visiting Shanghai Conservatory of Music. |
C.By combining suona with other music forms. |
D.By watching her family performing with suona. |
A.She is now working as a professor overseas. |
B.She appreciates the value of her performance. |
C.She has made a fortune after 20 years’ devotion. |
D.She has amazed Westerners with her hard work. |
10 . “When I first started learning calligraphy, I just copied the teacher’s strokes (笔画), and my work was ugly.” said Aryan from Afghanistan. He is currently a graduate student in Beijing,
During his six-year stay in China, he discovered the
To his surprise, the curriculum for foreign students in China
“Initially, I didn’t know much Chinese and thought calligraphy would be difficult,” Aryan said.” Later on, I found out that calligraphy can help me
He used to
Not only did Aryan gain a deeper
A.majoring | B.settling | C.bringing | D.resulting |
A.problem | B.pattern | C.richness | D.resource |
A.native | B.official | C.international | D.formal |
A.goes against | B.takes up | C.takes over | D.goes beyond |
A.conferences | B.activities | C.subjects | D.competitions |
A.economy | B.life | C.work | D.pleasure |
A.competition | B.content | C.combination | D.contact |
A.improve | B.recognize | C.adjust | D.find |
A.hold | B.oppose | C.break | D.suspect |
A.positive | B.contradictory | C.wrong | D.objective |
A.direction | B.step | C.attitude | D.effort |
A.supply | B.represent | C.sense | D.recall |
A.responses | B.admissions | C.reactions | D.keys |
A.function | B.ability | C.form | D.knowledge |
A.stressed | B.inspired | C.determined | D.interrupted |