1 . Climate experts have warned about the many ways a warming planet can negatively affect human health.
One long-held prediction that appears to be coming true — according to the results of a study recently published in Nature Scientific Reports — is how climate change might enhance
Vibrio vulnificus (创伤弧菌) flourishes in salty or brackish waters above 68℉. Infections are currently rare in the U.S., but that’s likely to change. Using 30 years of data on infections, scientists at the University of East Anglia in the U.K. found that Vibrio vulnificusis
“We’re seeing the core
Based on the latest data on how much the world’s water and air temperatures will rise, the scientists predict that by 2081, Vibrio vulnificus infections could reach every state along the U.S. East Coast. Currently, only about 80 cases are reported in the U.S. each year; by 2081, that could go up to over three-fold, the authors say.
Such a proliferation could have serious health consequences. Vibrio vulnificus kills approximately 20% of the healthy people it infects, and 50% of those with weakened immune systems. There is little evidence that antibiotics can
Warming sea temperatures aren’t the only reasons behind the rise of Vibrio vulnificus. Hotter air also draws more people to the coasts and bays, bringing them into closer contact with the bacteria.
“The bacteria are part of the natural marine environment, so I don’t think we can
To alert people to the growing threat,
Vbrio vulnificus is so
Lake says the expansion of Vibrio vulnificus is concerning for public health since the bacteria are now invading waters closer to heavily
A.Even if | B.Except when | C.The instant | D.In case |
A.numbers | B.ranges | C.coverages | D.concentrations |
A.failure | B.fatality | C.survival | D.acid |
A.ranging | B.varying | C.expanding | D.shifting |
A.distribution | B.launch | C.community | D.sample |
A.principle | B.lead | C.principal | D.hit |
A.boost | B.accelerate | C.contain | D.remove |
A.harms | B.damages | C.injuries | D.wounds |
A.relieve | B.dissolve | C.resolve | D.erase |
A.conscience | B.awareness | C.panic | D.alert |
A.monitoring | B.processing | C.managing | D.delivering |
A.sensible | B.vital | C.vulnerable | D.sensitive |
A.populated | B.dense | C.paralleled | D.bordered |
A.reaction | B.interaction | C.intervention | D.relativity |
A.rather than | B.except for | C.such as | D.other than |
2 . When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A.He was fond of traveling. | B.He enjoyed being alone. |
C.He had an inquiring mind. | D.He longed to be a doctor. |
A.To feed the animals. | B.To build an ecosystem. |
C.To protect the plants. | D.To test the eco-machine. |
A.To review John’s research plans. | B.To show an application of John’s idea. |
C.To compare John’s different jobs. | D.To erase doubts about John’s invention. |
A.Nature can repair itself. | B.Organisms need water to survive. |
C.Life on Earth is diverse. | D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. |
3 . Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to
People tend to
In the workplace, men have long had
A.add to | B.deal with | C.set aside | D.focus on |
A.assumes | B.appreciates | C.minimizes | D.assesses |
A.in terms of | B.because of | C.instead of | D.regardless of |
A.agree on | B.count on | C.negotiate about | D.hesitate about |
A.specialties | B.accomplishments | C.characters | D.lifestyles |
A.comfortable | B.competent | C.sacred | D.outgoing |
A.uniforms | B.costumes | C.gloves | D.pajamas |
A.Moreover | B.However | C.Therefore | D.Otherwise |
A.imitated | B.resisted | C.evaluated | D.anticipated |
A.long - lasting | B.good - looking | C.light - hearted | D.well - defined |
A.are uncertain about | B.are distracted from | C.are keen on | D.are ashamed of |
A.consistent | B.fashionable | C.diversified | D.innovated |
A.critically | B.casually | C.favourably | D.honestly |
A.frequent | B.concrete | C.moderate | D.heavy |
A.get | B.spare | C.survive | D.maintain |
4 . Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of one’s intelligence. But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people.
The so-called ‘non-intelligence factors’ include one’s feelings, will, motivation, interests and habits. After a 30-year study, American psychologists
Some parents are greatly worried when their children fail to do well in their studies. They blame either genetic factors, or laziness, but they never take into
It is clear that the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main
If we don’t start now to
A.came out | B.found out | C.made out | D.worked out |
A.in itself | B.by itself | C.itself | D.on its own |
A.Though | B.Nevertheless | C.However | D.Moreover |
A.believing | B.studying | C.cultivating | D.developing |
A.effect | B.comment | C.consideration | D.preparations |
A.poorly | B.properly | C.successfully | D.dependently |
A.ever | B.even | C.still | D.more |
A.put | B.get | C.handle | D.give |
A.afraid | B.ahead | C.aware | D.ashamed |
A.difficulty | B.question | C.threat | D.obstacle |
A.intelligent | B.characteristic | C.psychological | D.physical |
A.practise | B.regulate | C.strengthen | D.urge |
A.intelligence | B.diligence | C.cultivation | D.performance |
A.projects | B.warnings | C.suggestions | D.decision |
A.fully | B.greatly | C.very | D.highly |
5 . How do you teach a monkey new tricks? Labs have proved difficult places to train monkeys to respond to different sounds, but in the forests of Senegal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park, researchers were astonished how quickly one species of monkey adapted its behavior to a new sound.
Julia Fischer at the German Primate Center in Gottingen and her team flew drones over a community of green monkeys in the area, to see what they made of a new flying object in their environment. They responded instantly, making alarm calls to warn one another of the potential new threat.
The vocalizations were distant from the ones they made in response to models of leopards and snakes, but almost identical to calls made by a related species of monkey about eagles. The results suggest a hardwired response to the perception of an aerial threat and the use of that specific call.
They monkeys adapted so quickly to the mechanical noise that they began scanning the skies and making the calls even when the sound of the drone was played from the ground. The monkeys were never seen issuing alarm calls in response to birds of prey in the area, suggesting that the birds they usually see aren’t considered a threat. The drones, however, seemed to be perceived as dangerous. “It’s certainly disconnecting, unpredictable, something they’ve not seen before, so it makes sense to alert everybody,” say Fischer. She says she was “blown away” by how rapidly the monkeys appeared to learn. “The listeners are smart. It’s almost impossible to get a monkey in a lab to do an audio task. It isn’t clear why such learning is harder in a lab environment,” she says.
The study involved a year’s worth of fieldwork by a team of eight, who flew the drone about 60 meters above the monkeys. The research wasn’t without incident. Fisher had to duck inside a shelter made of palm leaves at one point, after a baboon ran to attack the leopard model she was holding.
Vervet monkeys in East Africa are related to green monkeys. They have been closely studied for the different calls they make in response to a variety of predators, including pythons, leopards, baboons and martial eagles.
The expectation for the green monkey study was that they would stay silent. come up with a new alarm call or produce one similar to the velvet monkeys’ eagle call. Fischer’s bet was on the eagle call option, and she was proved right. The vocalization appears to be highly conserved by evolution. “It teaches us about how different their vocal communication system is from ours,” says Fischer. “There is a very limited level of flexibility.”
1. What can be learned about green monkeys’ behavioral adaptability to a new sound?A.They made sounds similar to a new flying object. |
B.They alerted each other to possible danger. |
C.They responded as though they had seen eagles. |
D.They scanned the sky for the source of the sound. |
A.compare the different sounds made by the monkeys |
B.specify the monkeys’ extraordinary adaptability |
C.illustrate these birds pose no threat to the monkeys |
D.prove drones are more appealing to the monkeys |
A.The study conducted by Fischer and her team was painstaking. |
B.Monkeys differ greatly in their ability to adapt to a new sound. |
C.Researchers have unlocked why monkeys learn quickly in nature. |
D.Monkeys turn out to be quite flexible in their vocal communication. |
A.Unbelievable—Monkeys Should Make Different Sound! |
B.How Do Monkeys Get New Tricks? |
C.Monkeys See Drones... |
D.Vervet Monkeys vs Green Monkeys |
A. double B. intense C. pressures D. stock E. agriculture F. trapped G. withdrawal H. availability I. drive J. expanding K. rising |
Throughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty and religious expression. How much more
Less than three percent of the planet’s
Global
7 . In his 1975 novel Changing Places, British novelist David Lodge described the lifestyle of two literature professors who cross the planet repeatedly, trading a rainy English campus for a sunny California university, and vice versa. Along the way, many other things are exchanged as well, including affairs of the heart.
While scholars working today don't enjoy the same benefits—luxury hotels and business-class flights in particular—they might recognize that they still live in Lodge's small world. Since the mid-l970s, transportation and communication advances have made the planet steadily smaller and the number of international students has risen sharply in turn. In Lodge's novels, universities seemed changeless, white four decades later they are fully engaged in internationalization.
In the post Cold War era, academic relationships are becoming richer and more complex. Students in the Global South, eager to participate in the knowledge economy and receive some of its benefits, are driving much of the increased demand for education at all levels.That future profits and solutions to pressing global problems are to be found in advanced research makes international cooperation essential.
As a recent report shows, internationalization is a strategic priority for many universities and they're working to put themselves on the world map.When competing for new lands, however, familiar rules no longer apply and new guidelines must be established to increase the chance of profits, or at least minimize potential losses.
The internationalization of universities raises an old problem: the ability to connect to global development without losing diversity. Some aspects of global science, such as Nobel prizes, tend to promote a “winner-takes-all' system. Higher education institutions should take a critical distance from this tendency and embrace their diversity— there is more than one Treasure Island for science. Internationalization is not about going to places similar to our own country or institution. Instead, students and scholars can find stimulating environments and academic conditions that can challenge what they take for granted.
We generally assume that higher education and innovation go hand in hand, but we do not know how innovation comes about. The only reasonable assumption is that it happens in difficult conditions, when we have to overcome a problem. That's why it's important to put students and scholars in challenging diverse situations and help them learn different ways of thinking. From my point of view, enhancing access and promoting diversity should be the compass of all internationalization strategies. So, the ship has started, and let's sail.
1. The purpose of mentioning the novel by David Lodge is to ________ .A.show how things are changed internationally |
B.criticize the lifestyle of two literature professors |
C.convince the readers that universities are changeless |
D.introduce the topic of internationalization of universities |
A.Universities have to set up new rules to cope with the competition. |
B.All the universities are working hard to attract more international students. |
C.International students make academic relationship of universities more complex. |
D.The reasons for international cooperation of universities are profits and competition. |
A.Globalized Higher education should develop more treasures with science. |
B.Internationalized Higher education is expected of winning more Nobel Prizes. |
C.Globalized Higher education should be diverse. |
D.Internationalization of universities should challenge scholars more. |
A.Innovation—the best solution to globalization |
B.Innovation and cooperation come to us hand in hand |
C.International cooperation of universities becomes more essential |
D.Globalized higher education—there's more than one way to excellence |
A San Francisco Museum Tackles Art's Instagram Dilemma
A woman held tightly her phone to her heart, the way a missionary might hold a Bible. She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not 10 ft away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others who were doing the same.
It’s amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem.
So the de Young responded with a kind of agreement: carving out “photo free” hours during the exhibition’s six-day run.
One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is truth to this. It found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw.
If we removed social media and photography, she says, “we should risk becoming irrelevant”.
A.If this is a battle, signs indicate that the pro-phone crowd has already won. |
B.But rather than expressing frustration about this awkwardness, she said she felt guilty, as if she were the one challenging convention. |
C.In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who felt that cell phones had spoiled their experience of the exhibit. |
D.The cause of this recent craze was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular annual events at the de Young Museum in San Francisco. |
E.The truth is people like selfies more than the exhibits way beyond researchers' imagination. |
F.But the issue is complicated for the professionals running museums. |
9 . It was “college colours” day at an elementary school in Altamonte Springs, Florida, on August 30. One of Laura Snyder’s fourth-grade students Billy wore an orange T-shirt
Billy was so excited to show Snyder his shirt. She was
But after lunch, Billy came back to Snyder’s room crying. Some girls at the lunch table next to Billy’s had made fun of the
In an effort to
What happened next completely
“I’m not even sure I can put into words his
But then things got even better.
The university’s official shop
“When I told him that his design was being made into a real shirt and people wanted to wear it, his jaw
Billy’s mother wrote a letter of gratitude that Snyder posted. It said, in part, “I can tell you that I spent a lot of my day reading all the kind words in support of my son and I’m touched beyond words,” she wrote.
1.A.appreciating | B.representing | C.admiring | D.picturing |
A.reminded | B.convinced | C.impressed | D.satisfied |
A.attached | B.wore | C.turned | D.printed |
A.brand | B.sign | C.colour | D.sample |
A.strange | B.stupid | C.cruel | D.selfish |
A.sustainable | B.typical | C.available | D.convenient |
A.cheer | B.trip | C.team | D.pick |
A.exchange | B.contact | C.suggestion | D.knowledge |
A.froze | B.posed | C.blinded | D.floored |
A.acknowledged | B.greeted | C.responded | D.permitted |
A.reaction | B.improvement | C.behaviour | D.attitude |
A.email | B.address | C.interview | D.update |
A.advertised | B.explained | C.promised | D.announced |
A.changed | B.dropped | C.ached | D.closed |
A.confidence | B.expectation | C.responsibility | D.reputation |
Brain implant lets man with paralysis move and feel with his hand
A brain implant has restored movement and a sense of touch in the hand of a man with a severe spinal cord injury.
Patrick Ganzer at Battelle Memorial Institute in the US and his colleagues have developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) that
Burkhart has a severe upper spinal cord injury and has complete paralysis in his hands and legs,
The BCI uses the implant
“We’ve made a lot of progress in the last six years: he can play [the video game] Guitar Hero, swipe a credit card and do about 20 different hand grips,” says Ganzer.
But because Burkhart had no sensation in his hands, he previously had no sense of touch or pressure when
The researchers discovered that
They boosted this signal by incorporating a band around the bicep which vibrates when Burkhart’s hand receives sensory information.
As a result, Burkhart is able to detect objects by touch alone. The BCI is also able to detect different levels of touch and adjust the strength of Burkhart’s hand movements depending on the object – a light grasp, for example, for a paper cup.
The researchers believe it is the first BCI
When the brain implant was inserted, it