1 . Youth Week WA 2024

Youth Week WA (YWWA) 2024 will n from 5 to 12 April and aims to:

·provide young people aged 12-25 years with opportunities o express ideas and exhibit their talents and contributions;

·give the community the opportunity to listen to young people and celebrate the positive contributions they have made to the community;

·raise community awareness on issues of concern to young people.

YWWA 2024 Ambassadors (大使)

The Ambassadors are volunteers who participate on the YWWA 2024 team by:

·being a part of, and providing support and guidance to the members of the Young People’s Planning Committee;

·helping develop creative ways to involve more young people in YWWA;

·having input into events and strategies for YWWA;

·attending events during YWWA;

·being a public spokesperson for YWWA.

Meet your 2024 Youth Ambassadors!

☆ Fatima Merchant aged 19 is a member of the Amnesty International Australia Youth Advisory Group, UN Youth Australia and is a facilitator at the WA Debating League.

☆ Nathida Chalermsuk aged 22 is studying at Curtin University where she launched a new initiative Youth United, a program which facilitates cross-cultural understanding amongst young people in Australia and calls for more wildlife protection.

☆ Samuel Thomas aged 19 established Sam’s Spares, a nonprofit that saves unwanted e-waste from landfill.

☆ Izabella Brandis aged 18 held workshops for young people in the community where they were invited to come along and create artworks that advocate the ecological sustainability.

1. What is one of the goals of YWWA 2024?

A．To give financial assistance to young people.

B．To promote academic achievements among young people.

C．To raise community awareness about young people’s contributions.

D．To provide opportunities for teenagers to show their special talents.

2. What should the Ambassadors do during YWWA 2024?

A．Organize more events and activities.

B．Get more young people engaged in YWWA..

C．Provide guidance to people in the community.

D．Assess the Young People’s Planning Committee.

3. Who shared the program for environmental protection?

A．Samuel Thomas and Nathida Chalermsuk.	B．Fatima Merchant and Izabella Brandis.
C．Fatima Merchant and Nathida Chalermsuck.	D．Samuel Thomas and Izabella Brandis.

4 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It seemed to take forever, but I finally turned thirteen last Saturday. I decided to hang around my room and junk a bunch of kid stuff. As I sorted out the drawers, a photo fell to the floor. The face staring up at me was my friend, Jane.

Jane Farmer was the smartest girl I’d ever known. She almost always got straight A’s, and she was pretty, too. Part of me wanted to hate her, but I couldn’t. She was too nice, instead. I envied her and longed with all my heart to be just like her.

Jane was a top student and always sat in front of the class. My desk was in the back. I’d watch Mrs Schnell, our teacher, pace back and forth in front of us. She as short with thick red hair and a smile she turned on and off like a water tap.

I always slumped (弯垂) way down in my desk, desperately hoping to hide myself. I was terrified that the next name I heard would be my own. Sometimes my heart pounded so loudly that I was sure her ears would find me even if her sharp eyes didn’t.

Each time she called out a name, the victim would have to rise, stand straight as a broomstick, shoulders squared, and read to the entire class. More than anything, I hated to stand and read aloud to the class. Unlike me, Jane rarely made a mistake. And if she did, she was never made to feel ashamed. Mrs. Schnell would flash a pleasant smile and patiently guide her toward the correct answer. I wasn’t good at reading and could tell that Mrs. Schnell was often not at all pleased with me.

One day after soccer practice, Jane and I were standing together waiting for our mothers. We weren’t friends yet. I wanted to ask her if she liked movies, but I changed my mind when I looked at her face. She seemed to feel my eyes “What are you looking at?” She asked. “You,” I said. “Why?” she asked. “Because you seemed so sad,” I said.

Para 1:

“I got B+ on the history test,” She said, sounding like she couldn’t accept it.

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Para 2:

She looked at me for a moment, maybe deciding if she could trust me.

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6 . New Yorker writer Kyle Chayka came of age alongside the internet. As a teen, he published his own blog and joined forum (论坛) for pop music. He discovered one of his favorite Jazz songs --- John Coltrane’s full version of “My Favorite Things” – driving around at night, listening to the local radio station.

Chayka misses the time ---and the ways, then, that personal discoveries like these were made. In his new book, Filterworld: How Algorithms (算法) Shaped Culture, Chayka says he never would have fallen in love with Coltrane’s songs if he’d heard it on Spodify. He says he doubts Spodify’s algorithm would even suggest it, because the song is so long. And that, even if it did, he wouldn’t have learned anything about Coltrane as an artist, because the Spodify interface doesn’t provide the same context that a radio DJ does, sharing details between songs. The person behind the song choice, he argues, made his emerging interest in Coltrane possible in a way modern recommendation system cannot.

This is one of many “back in my day” stories Chayka uses to illustrate his argument that algorithms have “shaped culture”. Thanks to recommendation generators like Tiktok’s top picks and Spodify’s autoplay suggestions, “the least troublesome and perhaps least meaningful pieces of culture are promoted,” Chayka argued. He admits that quality is subjective when judging these things, and instead argues that recommendation systems undermine personal taste. Taste, he writes, was once a combination of personal choices and popular influence --- but now algorithms rely more on choices of the masses. Developing taste requires effort and active engagement, but what we see now are algorithms turning taste into consumerism.

A central point of the book, in fact, is that people today are not only well aware of the power of algorithms, they can’t escape them. He interviews a young woman who wonders if “what I like is what I actually like,” worried that her taste is so shaped by algorithms that she can’t trust herself. The book may be most useful in these sections, where Chayka and his interviewees attempt to make sense of how internet algorithms have shaped their own lives and work.

1. What causes Chayka to be interested in John Coltrane’s music?

A．The details provided by algorithm.	B．Listening to the local radio station.
C．Recommendation of Spodify.	D．The charm of John Coltrane.

2. What is the book Filterworld mainly about?

A．How early internet shapes our culture.

B．How technology impacts our personal taste.

C．How social media changes our view of reality.

D．How digital platform redefine mass consumption.

3. What does “undermine” in paragraph probably mean?

A．underestimate.	B．enhance.
C．transform.	D．disturb.

4. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?

A．Show the highlights of the book.	B．Comment on the structure of the book.
C．Encourage the use of internet.	D．Praise Chayka’s writing styles.

7 . 语法填空

The earliest written record of noodles is found in a book dating back to the Eastern Han period (25-220). Noodles     1     (make) from wheat became a famous food for the people. The oldest     2     (evident) of noodles was from 4,000 years ago in China. A team of archaelogists reported finding n earthenware bowl     3     contained 4,000-year-old noodles at the Lajia archaeological site. These noodles     4     (say) to resemble lamian, a type of Chinese noodle.

There are over 1,200 types of noodles     5     (common) consumed in China today. Wheat noodles in Japan were adapted from a Chinese recipe as early as the 9^th century. Innovations continued, such as noodles made with buckwheat were developed in the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1392-1910). Ramen noodles, based     6     southern Chinese noodle dishes from Guangzhou but named after the northern Chinese lamian,     7     (become) common in Japan in the 1900s.

The first concrete information on pasta products in Italy dates back to the Etruscan civilization, the Testaroli. The first noodles appear much later, in the 13^th or 14^th centuries, and there is     8     popular legend about Marco Polo     9     (bring) the first pasta back from China. Modern historians do not give much credibility to the story and rather believe the first noodles were imported earlier from the Arabs. Pasta has taken on a variety of shapes, resulting from     10     (region) specializations.

8 . The saying “You need to walk a mile in their shoes” couldn’t be truer. It goes for a person in a wheelchair to attend an event. You can’t fully grasp what it would be like for your attendees who use a wheelchair to experience your event until you’ve sat in their seat.

With that in mind, Professional Convention Management Association (PCMA) offered participants an opportunity to attend the “Event Mobility & Accessible Design — An Immersive Tour” in a wheelchair. The event was led by accessibility advocate Rosemarie Rossetti, who has been in a wheelchair since an accident paralyzed (使瘫痪) her from the waist down 25 years ago. Rossetti took us for a test run of the wheelchair tour, which opened our eyes to the challenges those in a wheelchair face when attending events and gave us a better understanding of how to make those events more welcoming for them.

After we started pushing ourselves around, I was immediately reminded of a recent article on how San Diego Comic-Con attendees were disappointed except for those in a wheelchair. The exhibit hall of the event was not carpeted. The first thing you realize when pushing yourself in a wheelchair is that it’s far less physically taxing on cement (水泥) than on carpeting. You should know the truth that it takes more energy and time to navigate in a wheelchair.

I hope that my temporary experience in a wheelchair won’t fade from memory and that I will look at every event with fresh eyes. In the registration form, it’s not enough to ask whether the attendees need wheelchair access but what convenience they need.

What can be especially helpful to those in wheelchairs, Rossetti shared, was to feature an accessible navigation map in the app to highlight a wheelchair-only access route. Rossetti accompanied planners on their site visits to make sure the attendees would be fully accessible, but she also suggested proactive use of a wheelchair on the next site visit.

1. Why were the wheelchairs offered to the attendees at the event led by Rossetti?

A．To make disabled people know the event’s challenges.

B．To help them get used to disabled persons’ daily life.

C．To make the event understood better by the organizers.

D．To help them experience the event from disabled persons’ view.

2. What does the underlined word “taxing” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Demanding.

B．Attractive.

C．Ignorant.

D．Rewarding.

3. What does the experience inspire the author to do?

A．Organize more events.

B．Care for many attendees.

C．Make events more accessible.

D．Design advanced wheelchairs.

4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．The achievements Rossetti made in the past.

B．The feelings Rossetti had during the previous events.

C．Rossetti’s suggestions on helping disabled attendees.

D．Rossetti’s opinions on setting up accesses for disabled people.

9 . The average American gets about 4,000 steps a day—but how much is enough? According to a recent study of more than 72,000 people, getting in 9,000 to 10,000 daily steps cuts the risk of death by more than a third and reduced cardiovascular (心血管) disease risk by at least 20 percent, but even smaller increases showed benefits.

Ashley Goodwin, one of the study’s authors, says the study really builds on the evidence we already know about how walking can help lower cardiovascular risk and death. He found it especially amazing that the benefit differed so little between those who sat for long periods each day and those who sat less. “That’s really great because it drives home the message that simply walking a little bit more than you usually do is going to bring some health benefits, no matter where you’re starting from.”

Past research had shown that higher step counts are linked to better heart health and a longer life, and a separate body of research has shown the increased risks of cardiovascular disease and death associated with more sedentary (久坐) time. But this study brought those bodies of research together to learn if extra daily steps could offset (抵消) the risks of sedentary behavior even in those who spend much of the day seated.

The results show that both highly sedentary and less sedentary people had statistically similar risk reductions from higher step counts. But the findings also reveal that the more steps people had per day, the more their risk of heart disease or death fell, up until about 9,000 to 9,700 daily steps for highly sedentary people.

In fact, highly sedentary people in the study began experiencing a heart benefit starting as low as 4,300 steps per day, when their risk of heart disease fell by 10 percent. Doubling that step counts to 9,700 steps a day doubled the benefit. Similarly, highly sedentary people began seeing a 20 percent reduced risk of death starting at 4,100 steps per day. Again, that benefit nearly doubled to 39 percent when their daily step counts increased to 9,000.

1. What is newly found in the study?

A．Higher step counts are linked to a longer life.

B．Walking 10,000 steps a day is not suitable for everyone.

C．A small increase in people’s usual step counts is beneficial.

D．The average American gets around 4,000 steps each day.

2. What makes Goodwin surprised?

A．The more steps people get, the healthier they are.

B．Walking can treat cardiovascular diseases to some degree.

C．People can benefit from walking without walking too fast.

D．Walking has similar effect on sedentary people and active people.

3. What is one aim of the study?

A．To research how step counts differ from people to people.

B．To examine how walking can help lower cardiovascular risk.

C．To know whether extra daily steps offset the risks of being sedentary.

D．To check whether sedentary life can lead to increased risks of death.

4. What is the function of the figures in the last paragraph?

A．To list the recommended step counts.

B．To show the link between step counts and health.

C．To warn people of the harm of sedentary lifestyle.

D．To compare the steps of active people and inactive people.