1 . With the Covid-19 virus sweeping the globe, the science on quitting smoking offers welcome news for smokers who want to build up their defenses in case they contract the virus. Though it may still take many months for a smoker's lungs to heal from damage caused by long-term smoking, your health can noticeably improve in the days and weeks after quitting in ways that could make a difference against the virus. Covid-19 creates an added sense of urgency, and there's enough reason to believe that quitting smoking during the pandemic（流行病）could increases your opportunities of fighting off the virus.

If you make the decision to quit, the cilia（纤毛）in your lungs are one of the first parts of your body to heal. These hair-like projections wave back and forth like a brush as air moves in and out of your lungs. They help your body fight off colds and infection. They also help clear mucus（黏液）, so if they're not functioning as well as they should, mucus can build up in the lungs. Your body's tendency to cough during an infection helps inspire the bodily process of clearing out mucus. That's vital in fighting the Covid-19 condition. The elderly are at a greater risk for too much lung fluid that often limits breathing following coronavirus infection because they don't have a strong enough cough to clear it up.

A second short-term gain from quitting smoking comes from reducing ongoing inflammation（炎症）in your body, which can make you infect Covid-19 more easily. Having your lungs in as good of shape as you can in case of a corona virus infection is key.

Besides lung-related issues, quitting smoking can also deliver healthy benefits to the heart that could help prevent possible heart attacks, which are another cause of death in Covid-19 cases. After you quit smoking, your blood becomes thinner and less possible to setting. Heart attacks are less likely. One reason this happens is because smoking makes it harder for the heart to distribute blood throughout the body.

1. What is the use of the lung cilia?

A．Cleaning up the lungs.	B．Killing the Covid-19 virus.
C．Predicting lung infections.	D．Reducing breathing difficulty.

2. Why are the old at higher risk to the corona virus?

A．They cannot go out during the pandemic.	B．There is too much mucus in their lungs.
C．Most of them are heavy smokers for years.	D．They are lacking in the care of their children.

3. What good does quitting smoking do to heart？

A．Strengthen the heart muscle.	B．Turn blood to be much thicker.
C．Make the blood flow smoother.	D．Speed the heartbeat up apparently.

4. What is the text mainly about？

A．Quitting smoking can help defend the Covid-19.

B．Ways to make a difference against corona viruses.

C．The Covid-19 virus is threatening humans worldwide.

D．Protecting the smokers' lungs to heal from damage.

2 . As trees across the northern areas turn gold and deep red, you can find autumn colors in parks and woodlands, in the cities, countryside, and mountains. People are wondering what these colors are for. For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen to trees in the autumn. Up to now there have been different explanations for why natural selection makes autumn colors so widespread.

Dr. Hamilton from Oxford University proposed that bright autumn leaves contained a message: they warn insects to leave them alone. In autumn, insects choose trees where they will lay eggs. When the larvae（幼虫）come out the next spring, they feed on the trees, often with a result of destruction of the trees. Dr. Hamilton suggested that trees could ward off these insects with poisons. They could have strong defenses by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs.

Dr. Hamilton and students turned the theory into a mathematical model, which showed that warning signals could indeed drive the evolution（进化）of bright leaves. It was a first attempt to see what was out there.

A research team from the University of Wisconsin gave a quite different explanation. “If you are up here in Wisconsin, by the time leaves change, all the insects that feed on leaves are gone.” Dr. Hoch said. He believed that autumn colors served mainly as protection.

According to Dr. Hoch and his team, autumn colors might be able to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost（冰冻）injury—in other words, they actually act as a sunscreen to avoid the destruction to the leaves. Besides, autumn colors might protect the leaves from water loss. If the cells in the leaves become dry, the connections between the cells will be weakened and leaves will break off.

Although there are different explanations about autumn colors, it has really given them a deeper concern for this time of year. “People sometimes say that science makes the world less interesting by just explaining things away,” one famous biologist said. “But with autumn leaves, the more you know about them, the more amazed you are.”

1. According to Dr. Hamilton, there is a connection between________.

A．the size of leaves and the survival of insects

B．the size of leaves and the behavior of insects

C．the size of leaves and the quality of insects

D．the size of leaves and the number of insects

2. Dr. Hoch and his team give the explanation that_________.

A．Climate has an influence on the color of the leaves

B．Sun damage and frost injury drive the insects away

C．the color of autumn leaves has a protective function

D．Autumn colors bring great destruction to the leaves

3. The underlined phrase “ward off” in Paragraph 2 probably means_______.

A．catch

B．attract

C．ignore

D．prevent

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A．The evolution of colorful leaves

B．The secret to autumn leaves’ changes

C．The charm autumn colors

D．The role of leaves’ being protection

3 . Traditional Chinese Culture

Chinese culture is over 5000 years old.     1    

The spirit of the tea ceremony

Xi Hu Long Jing （West Lake Dragon Well） and Yunnan Pu'er have long been, world famous.     2     .The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude towards life and spirituality. These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from.

A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware are the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insight into the wisdom of this ancient civilization.

    3    

During the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, many different flavors, styles, and cuisines （烹饪）have developed based on traditional philosophy and culture. This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on the countries, such as Japan, Mongolia, South Korea, Thailand, and Singapore. It has benefited billions of people around the world through such innovations as Chinese vegetarian culture, tea culture, vinegar, pasta medicated diets, ceramic tableware, and the use of soybeans in the diet.

Chinese Confucianism

Confucianism has flourished during the last 2,500 of China's 5,000-year history.     4     . This school of thought has had the most profound and long lasting influence in China's history. Seventy-four Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind's livelihood and development into the next century, these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide.     5     .

A．Chinese cuisine

B．Traditional Chinese culture

C．It has been the mainstay （支柱〉of this ancient civilization

D．They are pretty popular due to their superior color and flavor

E．The following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact

F．This wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe, America and Oceania

G．This would provide long lasting benefits for man, helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life

4 . When Sarah Wishnia received an iPad from her daughter, “It was like Greek to me.” Max Rosenblum showed her how to socialize on Facebook and shop on Amazon with her new device.With Max's help, Elena learned to give orders to Siri, Mike familiarized himself with Waze and Honey began searching for information about movies, restaurants and books on her smartphone.Max is 16, a rising junior in Davie. His students are residents of Coral Gables, fascinated by technology and eager to learn about this brave new frontier. Max began offering his tech coaching for seniors a year ago, after he helped his grandmother with her iPhone and iPad. He taught her how to text and use Faccbook. He also downloaded a Scrabble app for her to play. “She loved it,”he said, not without a trace of pride.

That experience inspired him and his parents, Adam and Heather. They reached out to a connection at Coral Gables and launched a website, techmaxed. com. He also recruited(招募)other teens to teach the one-on-one lessons in Coral Gables. These youths go to the retirement communities at least once a month. Though teaching a class might appear to be more expedient,soon Max found out that group sessions simply didn't work.“People are at different levels,and it was hard to teach that way," he said. “It's much better to give them individual help.” “Most people come more than once,” he added. “I have my regulars.”

“First he showed me how to get my email on the phone,” Rosen, 88, said, “and then he wrote up a short step-by-step guide for me so I could remember.” Max admits that teaching older adults takes time, but he figures he's also paying it forward.

“Maybe when I'm 87 and there's new technology,”   he said, “somebody will teach me, too.”

1. What can we infer about Sarah Wishnia when she received the iPad?

A．She had no interest in it.	B．She could not shop on Amazon.
C．She had some difficulty using it.	D．She managed to use it by herself.

2. Why did Max begin teaching seniors to use smart devices?

A．Because he was familiar with the new frontier.

B．Because he enjoyed talking with senior residents.

C．Because he wanted to apply the new technology.

D．Because he got inspired after teaching his grandma.

3. Which of the following best explains “expedient” underlined in paragraph 2?

A．Exhausting.	B．Practical.
C．Profitable.	D．Creative.

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A science book.	B．A travel guide.
C．A local newspaper.	D．A product introduction.

5 . Going to college was not optional. In my family, it was just another step toward the American dream. As soon as I graduated, I enrolled (入学)in the English Department of Colorado State University. I went on to earn two scholarships, and membership in the National Honor Society. I truly believed the hard work was worth it.

It wasn't until a few months ago that I realized how clueless I was. I had been combing through the classifieds when my eyes fell upon my dream job: “National College Magazine looking for writers ”.

Thrilled, I spent the weekend composing a resume . Needless to say, I was stunned when the interviewer barely took one glance before throwing it aside.

"No experience," he said flatly.

I felt like screaming, "What do you mean, no experience? Look at these grades."

I was left to absorb the shock of rejection, thinking that nobody ever told me that a 4. 0 student would be turned down for a job.

Didn't all of my hard work count for anything?

I see plenty of demands for two years of experience at a print publication, but none requiring extensive knowledge of how to write academic papers. Yet 95% of my energy in school went toward the latter, leaving me little time to devote to anything else. If career preparation is supposed to be the point of college, then why isn't it the focus?

Has a college degree just become another societal status symbol like fancy cars or designer clothes?

Given my experience, I feel that a college degree would be a lot more valuable if students were required to get some outside experience to supplement their in — class knowledge. Instead of requiring four science classes, why not three science classes and an internship? In my college career, I took one class that taught me how to write and submit essays for publication. This ever — so — brief taste of the real world was like holding an ice cream sundae in front of a child and only giving her a small bite.

1. Why did the author study so hard at college?

A．To maintain a family tradition.	B．To land an ideal job.
C．To fulfill parents' expectations.	D．To win scholarships for the tution

2. What accounted for the author's failure in job hunting?

A．His dull resume.	B．His misjudgment in high scores.
C．His lack of experience.	D．His poor performance in the interview.

3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply?

A．Academic writing is a small part of college life.

B．College education always covers unimportant things.

C．Competition in college is not as fierce as that in the real world.

D．The author feels held back by his lack of real — world experience.

4. What does the author want to tell us by writing this article?

A．Get a college degree and you will go far.

B．College students should make the best of their time.

C．Career preparation is a necessity for college education.

D．Landing a successful career is better than a college degree.

6 . One spring morning many years ago, I had been prospecting for gold along Coho Creek in southeastern Alaska. Suddenly, no more than 20 paces away was a huge Alaskan timber wolf-caught in a trap.

From her appearance, I guessed she had been trapped for several days. She needed my help, I thought. But if I tried to release her, she would turn aggressive to me. The wolf was clearly suffering. The trap's steel jaws had imprisoned two toes. They were swollen and lacerated, but she wouldn't lose the paw (爪子) — if freed. Yet each time I moved closer, she would make a frightening growl. If I could only win her confidence, I thought. It was her only hope.

Over the next few days, I divided my time between prospecting and trying to win the wolf's trust. I talked gently with her, throwing her some meat. Gradually, I kept edging closer — though I was careful to remain beyond the length of her trap chain.

At dusk on the fifth day, I delivered her dinner. Suddenly, I saw a slight wagging of her tail. I moved within the length of her chain. She remained sill. As a towering man, my heart was in my mouth, though. Within her reach, I wrapped my blanket around myself and slowly settled onto the cold ground. It was long before I fell asleep.

The next morning, I slowly placed my hand on the wolf's injured leg. Unexpectedly; she made no threatening move. Then I applied pressure, the trap sprang open, and the wolf pulled free.

My experience told me the wolf would vanish into the woods quickly. But cautiously, she crept toward me and sniffed my hands and arms. This went against everything I'd ever heard about timber wolves. Yet, strangely, it all seemed so natural.

1. What happened to the timber wolf?

A．She was stuck in a trap.	B．Her food ran out.
C．Her legs were swollen.	D．She was caught in the author's trap.

2. What was the only hope for the wolf to be saved?

A．Some food.	B．The author's care.
C．Her trust in the author.	D．Winning the author's confidence.

3. Why was falling asleep difficult for the author?

A．He was too close to the wolf.	B．The ground was too cold.
C．The wolf remained still.	D．The wolf wagged her tail.

4. How did the author feel about the outcome of the event?

A．It was frightening and surprising.	B．It was unexpected but natural.
C．It was humorous and natural.	D．It was terrifying but encouraging.

7 . The first Thursday in May is World Password Day, but don’t buy a cake or send cards. Computer chip maker Intel created the event as an annual reminder.     1    .

The purpose of a password is to limit access to information. Having a very common or simple one like “abcdef” or even normal words like “password”, is barely any security at all.     2    . Hackers’ password cracking tools take advantage of this lack of creativity and get in our accounts easily. More experienced users would choose a less common password. However, they might still fall victim to cracking software.

    3    ? A secure password is all that stands between us and a cybercriminal. It should be unique and complex, which a hacker can’t easily guess or crack. The best passwords are supposed to be at least 15 characters long and full of random numbers and letters. However, a long password means a complicated process to log into a website.     4    . You may want to write it down, but it is not suggested due to risk.

Then what should we do?     5    . You can choose a phrase such as “I want to go to England.” Next, convert it to an abbreviation (缩略语) by using the first letters of each word and changing the word “to” to “2”. Then you get following password phrase: iw2g2e. You can make it even more complex by adding punctuation, spaces or symbols: %iw_2g2e!@. It is much easier to remember and safer.

Can’t wait to try? Let’s say goodbye to “666666” and change your password right now.

A．What do network security experts do

B．Try using shortened phrases for passwords

C．How can we ensure the safety of a password

D．Changing password regularly is an effective way

E．That is like closing a door but not actually locking it

F．It is used to say farewell to popular passwords like “123456”

G．And it is also difficult for us to remember a long irregular password

8 . “No matter where you are or what time it is there’s something going on at a Hard Rock Cafe. All over the world our cafes not only serve great food, but they serve up great music.” Hard Rock Cafes around the world symbolize the timeless energy, originality and unifying (团结的) spirit that have helped to shape rock music over the last century.

Founded by two Americans, the first Hard Rock Cafe (HRC) opened its doors to the public on June 14, 1971, in London. Today, HRC has become a global phenomenon with more than 180 cafes in different countries.

HRC has also become the world’s leading collector and exhibitor of rock ‘n’ roll memorabilia. It all started when Eric Clapton, a regular at the first HRC, asked the staff if they could hang his guitar on the wall to mark his favourite stool (凳子) as “his spot”. They did and one week later, a package from Pete Townshend arrived with a guitar and a note with the message, “Mine’s as good as his! Love, Pete.”

Ever since then, Hard Rock Cafes have been collecting pieces of rock memorabilia and covering their walls with them. Their collection is rotated from restaurant to restaurant and provides the world’s most comprehensive “visual history” of rock ‘n’ roll. These treasures include an awe-inspiring collection of classic guitars and other instruments, posters, music, etc.

Throughout its history, HRC has been governed by a special service philosophy: “Love All — Serve All.” Since it was established, HRC has taken part in a wide variety of humane activities around the world. Following its idea of being more than just a restaurant, HRC tries to connect its business and its passion to make the earth a safer, healthier and better place to live.

All in all, Hard Rock Cafe International is an entertainment company that continues to successfully expand the Hard Rock brand through countless music-related activities.

1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To explain why HRC is a success.

B．To show the characteristics of HRC.

C．To describe the excellent service of HRC.

D．To introduce what you can share in a HRC.

2. Why did Pete send his guitar to the first HRC in London?

A．He wanted to occupy a seat.

B．He wanted to pay his bill with it.

C．He wanted his guitar to be assessed.

D．He wanted his guitar to be put on its wall.

3. What do we know about the HRC’s collection?

A．It is related to rock ‘n’ roll.

B．It is housed in the first HRC.

C．It was advocated by Eric Clapton.

D．It was financed by regular customers.

4. What does the HRC’s service philosophy imply?

A．HRC welcomes everyone to the cafe.

B．HRC is operated for a charitable purpose.

C．HRC offers various activities to its customers.

D．HRC provides the best service at the lowest price.

9 . Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).

Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the study’s authors wrote.

Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around humans, because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.

So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’re taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.

But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.

“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology’ Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”

1. What’s the special feature of “Octobot”？

A．It’s soft.	B．It’s made of metal.
C．It’s very small.	D．It looks like an octopus.

2. What’s the disadvantage of traditional robots?

A．They’re hard to control.	B．They’re too heavy to move.
C．They can’t predict conditions.	D．They can’t behave well all the time.

3. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot’s       ________.

A．silicone body	B．complex components
C．precise movements	D．flexible power source

4. What’s the possible application of “Octobot”？

A．Medical research.	B．Life rescue.
C．Machine operation.	D．House cleaning.

10 . At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their allowances on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases. To try to get his peers（同 龄 人 ） to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco-bank, the Bartselana

Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.

Set up in 2012, the bank is the world’s first bank for kids. To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other   requirements,   such     as     attending   financial   education   and     environmental   management workshops.

The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies, who, thanks to Jose’s efforts, pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by the bank members. The money received is placed in the personal account where they collect until the savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw the money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target. “At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project,” Jose recalls, “They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily, I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.”

The boy’s efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, boasts ten educational centers. They are designed to teach the over 3,000 students, aged 10 to 18 , to become financially independent, use their money wisely, and help the environment.

Not surprisingly, Jose’s efforts have earned him several national and international awards. On November 20, 2018, Jose won Children’s Climate Prize, which comes with a medal and $5,500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment.

1. Why did Jose set up the bank?

A．To raise money and set up a recycling company.

B．To buy necessities and donate them to needy kids.

C．To save much money and protect the environment.

D．To educate the students and help them win prizes.

2. How can a kid be admitted to the eco-bank?

A．By donating to the eco-bank.

B．By turning in one kilogram of waste in a month.

C．By sending in an application.

D．By presenting a goal and a certain amount of waste.

3. How did the teachers feel about Jose’s program?

A．Doubtful.	B．Excited.
C．Moved.	D．Worried.

4. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．How the environment is improved.	B．What the project has achieved.
C．How tons of waste has been recycled.	D．What support the local institutions get.