1 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. content B. demands   C. guard     D. depressed   E. prioritized   F. fits G. failure   H. meant   I. competed     J. mere     K. independent

Happiness, as the Brazilian poet Vinicius de Moracs put it, is “like a feather flying in the air. It flies light, but not for very long.”

Humans are not designed to be happy or even     1    . Instead, we are designed primarily to survive and reproduce, like every other creature in the natural world. A state of contentment is discouraged by nature because it would lower your     2     against possible threats to your survival.

Evolution has     3     the development of a big frontal lobe(脑叶)in our brain (which gives us excellent executive and analytical abilities) over a natural ability to be happy. Different geographical locations and circuits in the brain are each associated with certain neurological(神经系统的)and intellectual functions, but happiness, being a(n)     4     idea with no neurological basis, cannot be found in the brain tissue.

In fact, experts in this field argue that nature’s     5     to eliminate depression in the evolutionary process is due precisely to the fact that depression as an adaption plays a useful role in times of difficulty, by helping the     6     individual get away from risky and hopeless situations in which he or she cannot win.

Our emotions are mixed and at times contradictory, like everything else in our lives. Research has shown that positive and negative emotions can coexist in the brain relatively     7     of each other. This models show that the right hemisphere processes negative emotions preferentially, whereas positive emotions are dealt with by the left-sided brain.

It’s worth remembering, then, that we are not designed to be consistently happy. Instead, we are designed to survive and reproduce. These are difficult tasks, so we are     8     to struggle, seek safety, fight off threats and avoid pain. The model of competing emotions offered by coexisting pleasure and pain     9     our reality much better than the unachievable bliss(极乐)that the happiness industry is trying to sell us. In fact, pretending that any degree of pain is abnormal will only develop feelings of inadequacy and frustration.

So, if you are unhappy at times, this is not a shortcoming that     10     urgent repair. Far from it. This fluctuation(波动)is, in fact, what makes you human.

2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The young applicant is described as confident and courageous. His resume, at 15 pages, is glittering, complete with performance reviews (“full of energy”), a map of his travels (trips to Tokyo and Bali) and a list of books he     1     (read) this year (408 in total). It includes discussion of his adversity quotient and his artistic talents. But the applicant is not a seasonal job seeker. He is a five-year-old boy from southern China     2     (apply) for a spot in first grade at a Shanghai private school.

The resume,     3     was leaked and shared widely online this week, has provoked a mix of fascination, indignation and debate about     4     children in China’s test-crazed education system are being raised as soulless strivers.

Some called for the parents of the boy     5     (arrest). Others wondered whether today’s children would know true happiness,     6     the intense pressure to perform well and land good jobs. Still, some defend the parents,     7     (say) they were trying to promote their child’s best interests in a flawed system.

Yong Zhao, a professor of education at the University of Kansas, said the debate reflected widespread anxiety     8     Chinese parents about getting their children into top schools. In China’s test-dominated system, exam scores determine where students go to college and what careers they     9     pursue.

Xiong Bingqi, deputy head of the 21 century Education Research Institute in Beijing, said China needed to distribute education resources     10     (evenly) and to begin evaluating students on more than just est scores.

“There is a competition to rank every student,” he said, “Under these circumstances, of course parents want their kids to rank in the top. Then it worsens this kind of anxious competition.”

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. spatial   B. specifically   C. deprived       D. seniors       E. basis       F. clinical G. maintaining       H. functioning       I. involved       J. contact       K. separate

Working from home and staying inside has become second nature to many people over the last two years. A new study, however, is warning not to get too comfortable with an inactive social life. Researchers from Penn State report     1     an active social life into old age can help adults improve their mental ability on a day-to-day     2    .

The study concludes that when elderly adults (between 70 and 90 years-old) have more frequent and pleasant social interactions, they also display stronger cognitive     3     over the next few days.

Dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease     4    , is a major problem worldwide, with estimates showing it will only get worse. Worryingly, Alzheimer’s related deaths have increased by 16 percent since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Making matters worse is the fact that modern medicine has yet to develop an effective drug for curing Alzheimer’s. With this in mind, study authors say it’s imperative to find other ways to fight mental decline in old age - especially before it reaches the     5     stage.

The team collected data on 312 older adults over the course of 16 days using their smartphones to reach these findings. Each day, participants reported on how many social interactions they’d had so far, who they interacted with, and whether it was a positive or negative experience. The group did this five    6     times throughout the day. Importantly, researchers counted digital or phone-based interactions as social activity in this experiment.

Additionally, after each prompt     7     also had to complete three cognitive tests. One test assessed processing speed and attention, another measured     8     working memory, and the last exam measured intra-item feature memory binding.

Researchers quickly noted that whenever a person had interacted often with close friends on a given day, they usually scored higher on the cognitive tests than others who interacted less frequently with close friends or family.

Interestingly, whenever an older adult hadn’t experienced a certain type of social interaction for some time, they performed much better on cognitive tests on the days they did socialize. For instance, if one participant hadn’t talked to their family in weeks, they usually scored higher on days they finally made     9    .

“Our findings suggest that the lack of positive social interactions in daily life could be a critical risk factor for declining cognitive function later in life,” Prof. Zhaoyang concludes. “Older adults who are relatively more       10     in certain social interaction experiences could potentially benefit the most from interventions that help to ‘boost’ their usual levels of social interactions in daily life.”

4 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from thebox. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. revolutionize       B. potential       C. unfold       D. convincing       E. handle F.competing       G. individually       H. vertically       I. stuck       J.multiple       K. adjust

How close are we to flying cars?

Even before George Jetson fascinated kids with his cartoon flying car, people dreamed of soaring above traffic congestion. Inventors and entrepreneurs have long tried and failed to make the dream a reality, but that may be changing.

Nearly a dozen companies around the globe, including some with deep pockets such as European aircraft maker to be the first to develop a new kind of aircraft that will enable commuters to glide above Airbus, are     1     crowded roadways. A few of the aircraft under development are cars with wings that     2     for flight, but most aren't cars at all. Typically they take off and land     3    like helicopters. Rather than a single, large main rotor(旋翼), they have     4     small rotors operated by a battery - powered electric motor instead of a conventional aircraft engine.

It's no sure bet that flying-car dreams will turn into reality. There are many obstacles, including     5     regulators that the aircraft are safe, figuring out how to     6     thousands of new low-flying aircraft over cities without collisions and developing batteries that will keep them in the air long enough.

But entrepreneurs are moving forward. They see a vast     7     market for "air taxis" and personally owned small aircraft to transport people from the edges of metropolitan areas to city centers as urban areas grow more congested and people spend more time     8     in traffic. They envision tens of thousands of flying taxis delivering passengers to the rooftops of office buildings in city centers during rush hours.

"In as little as 10 years, products that     9     urban travel for millions of people could be on the market." said Zach Lovering, the leader of Aribus' project to develop an autonomous flying taxi. It's unclear yet how much the aircraft will cost, although prices are likely to vary significantly. Some of the aircraft are designed to be     10     owned, while others are more for commercial use. Designers hope that if demand is high, prices can be kept affordable through economies of mass production.

5 . His Refresh

For me, change is in the air. The snow is thawing in the town where Susan and I are living. We both got vaccinated (I’ve never been so happy to have type I diabetes, which qualified me for early shots). And by the time you read this, our daughter will have been married, surrounded by family, on a Mexican beach. Hooyah! This is the spirit of change. In this issue, you’ll find new sections meant to delight you as much as tossing rice at your grinning daughter.

A knowledge quiz. Sharpen your pencils. Brain Games now features “Fact or Fiction” (page 117) to test your recall and worldliness in equal measure. I scored six and got the bonus question only by cheating and consulting 13 Things on page 40.

A new health section. You already our sister site, thehealthy.com. Now we’re curating its content into The Healthy (page 53), full of advice, first person narratives, and medical news.

Where, OH Where? There’s nothing like seeing a gorgeous photograph shot somewhere in the country and wanting —no, needing to know where the heck it was taken. We turn that irresistible sensation into a visual quiz (page 38).

Smile-inducing news. RD editors here and around the world are always finding never-before-seen examples of charity and ingenuity. We’re rolling them into A World of Good (page 18).

Animal stories! Because who can resist? To continue the celebration of our animals’ ability to bond, Best Pet Pals (page 44) will spotlight one priceless submission to your heart’s content.

________ Finally, on page 1,we’re creating a brand-new section, hoping to offer you a friend who brings fun ideas to your kitchen table, who helps everyone laugh and cry together about what makes us all human.

Write to let me know if you have got a flashing idea for the name of this section. And thanks for reading.

1. What may this article be from?

A．Novel.

B．Newspaper.

C．Magazine.

D．Instruction book.

2. If you are confident of your knowledge of pet, and want to check your scope, which section will you mostly read?

A．A knowledge quiz.

B．A new health section.

C．Where, OH Where?

D．Animal stories!

3. If you are writing to give a name for the new section mentioned in the last paragraph, which of the following you may submit?

A．Fun Guy in Kitchen of Fantastic Food	B．A Trusted Friend in a Complicated World
C．Hooyah to Humor and Human	D．Ideas to Laugh and Cry

6 . Aesthetic thought (美学思想, 审美理念) of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18^th century. The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters as natural beauty, the purity, and representation—a trend ______ the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature.______ that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more famous and has begun to ______ the philosophy of nature. Various issues ______ to the philosophy of art have had a ______ impact on the or 20th-century aesthetics. Among these are problems relating to the theory of form of art and to the distinction between representation and expression. Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art. Two ______ theoretical positions have taken on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a ______ to some recognized moral good,______ the other maintains that art is in itself valuable and an end. Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics. In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgement. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought,______ have followed either of two approaches. In one criticism is ______ to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art.______, it is devoted to the response to the aesthetic object and to justifying a particular way of perceiving it.

Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a ______ field of knowledge and inquiry. The ______ of contemporary aesthetic include such problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgement to culture; the relevance of psychology ______ the criticism of art; and the place of aesthetic judgement in ______ reasoning in the conduct of everyday affairs.

1.

A．leading

B．conducting

C．taking

D．reflecting

2.

A．Since

B．For

C．At

D．Before

3.

A．transplant

B．transmit

C．displace

D．replace

4.

A．chief

B．central

C．main

D．prior

5.

A．remarked

B．marked

C．regraded

D．considered

6.

A．opposing

B．similar

C．same

D．confusing

7.

A．method

B．means

C．mind

D．moral

8.

A．and

B．or

C．though

D．while

9.

A．artists

B．authorities

C．critics

D．psychologists

10.

A．owing

B．used

C．opposed

D．restricted

11.

A．In the other

B．In another

C．On the other

D．For another

12.

A．narrow

B．broad

C．visual

D．moral

13.

A．consequences

B．morals

C．concerns

D．believes

14.

A．to

B．on

C．for

D．by

15.

A．theoretical

B．ideal

C．technical

D．practical

7 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

New look on the Museum

Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days.

At a science museum in Ontario, Canada you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17 century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is interesting.

Many museums have changed in appearance. Some old, gray museums have been rebuilt, and the newer ones are open and modern in their architecture. Inside, there is modern lighting, color, and sound. Instead of displaying everything they own, museum directors show fewer objects and leave open spaces where visitor can gather and sit down. They also bring together in one display a group of objects drawn drawn from various parts of the museum to represent the whole lifestyle of region or a historical period. In one room, for instance, you may find materials, clothing, tools, cooking pots, furniture, and art works of a particular place and time.

More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to the best advantage.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . Editor in Chief
Ind.Trading .com
Jakarta, Indonesia
Brief       
Job Category: Media & Journalism       
Job Type: Full-time
Salary Range: IDR 6,000,000-8,000,000       
Industries: Classifieds, E-Commerce Platforms
Job Description &Requirements
Responsibilities:
Responsible for selecting the writers, planning the content and publishing schedule, assign them stories and edit their articles, write larger stories, oversee feature and business editors.
Responsible for creating original that fits our brand, engage customers across all marketing channels, including but not limited to websites and social media.
Responsible for setting the tone, editorial direction and policies.
Responsible for the overall and day to day management and supervision of the News Department.
Develop, implement and improve digital content & digital program.
Ensure the final draft is complete and there arc no omissions, cross-checking facts, spelling, grammar, writing style and page design.
Maintain and build good relationship with internal and external.
Motivate and develop News Department team.
Requirements:
Passionate about writing and journalism articles on business aspect & having a good leadership.
Familiar and able to write the articles in business aspect.
Candidate must possess at least a Bachelor’s Degree in Advertising/ Media/ Journalism,   Mass Communications or equivalent.
Good in communication, content development and management skill.
At least 5 years of working experience in the related field.
Internet ability with a good sense of content that works well online.
Preferably Manager/ Assistant Managers specializing in Journalism/ Editor or equivalent.
A team player who cooperates well with internal teams on original ideas, best practices and optimalization.
Full-time position(s) available.
Applicants must be willing to work in JL. Meruya ilir Raya, Business Park Kebon Jeruk Jakarta Barat
Required skills
Copywriting & Editing, Creating Writing
1. This job advertisement is most likely to appear________ .

A．in a magazine

B．in a newspaper

C．on a poster

D．on a website

2. An editor in chief is expected to________ .

A．establish good relationship with colleagues and customers

B．select capable writers and give them special training

C．decide on the tone, style and details of the articles

D．read the first draft carefully and correct errors

3. The applicants for the position must________ .

A．have the ability to plan the content

B．possess a bachelor’s degree in business

C．be able to write creative articles in different aspects

D．have the experience of being a manager or equivalent

9 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. diagnostic	B. respectively	C. improve	D. update	E. accurately	F. presented
G. practice	H. distinct	I. combined	J. standard	K. disclose

A new study by a team of Stanford University School suggests that the average human body temperature in USA has decreased over the last century. The idea that the normal human body temperature is about 37°C was first     1     by a German physician in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a(n)     2     tool used by people as a basic indicator if someone is sick.

However, it turns out that this well-established fact is not completely correct– or, to put it more     3    , human beings have been getting cooler. Recent studies have shown that temperature records have tended to run low compared to the accepted     4    , so the Stanford team decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends and     5     the reason.

The team looked at three     6     databases from three historical periods. One was the records from Union Army veterans (退伍老兵) that were collected from 1862 to 1930. The second was from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 1971 and 1975, and third from adult patients visiting Stanford Health Care from 2007 to 2017.

By cross-checking the health records, the researchers concluded that the average American’s body temperature is about 0.03°C and 0.6°C lower for women and men,     7    , than it was in the 19th century.Together, this means that human body temperatures have fallen by 0.03°C per decade. However, considering that many factors influence body temperatures, the team says that it is unnecessary to     8     the definition of the average body temperature.

As for the reasons, the researchers say that the most likely one is a decline in the human metabolic rate (人体代谢速率) due to environmental factors. One possibility is that improvements in public health have reduced the incidence of inflammations (炎症感染率), which     9     metabolism. This,     10     with the fact that people live more comfortable lives in more stable environments means that the body doesn’t have to work as hard to stay warm, so the average temperature falls.

10 . Stephen Hawking remembered by his research student

Stephen was not so famous when I began my PhD at Cambridge in 1972, but his brilliance was already clear to his peers. On becoming his research student, I found it rather discouraging when I was informed by one of my tutors that Stephen was the brightest person in the department. ___________, it soon became evident that my relationship with him would not be the usual type of supervisor-student relationship. In those days, before he had his caretakers’ group of nurses and assistants, students would necessarily have to help him in various ways___________ his disability. This was not an tough task, but it did mean that my relationship with him became quite ___________. Indeed, I shared an office with him, lived with his family for a while and ___________ him as he travelled around the world, giving talks and collecting medals.

I soon discovered some of Stephen’s unique ___________. The first, of course, was that he was very smart. Students are probably always in respect of their supervisors and with Stephen the respect was even greater. Indeed, on matters of physics, I always regarded him as an oracle(圣人), just a few words from him generating insights that would have taken weeks to___________on my own. However, Stephen was only human and not all encounters led to inspiration. Once I asked a question about something that was ___________ me. He thought about it silently. His eyes then closed and I was even more impressed with myself because he was clearly having to think about it very deeply. Only after some time did it become clear that he had fallen asleep. Nowadays, I also sometimes fall asleep while talking to students, so I recall this incident with ___________.

I also learned about Stephen’s stubbornness and ___________ to continue doing things for himself as long as possible, despite the continuous progress of his illness. For example, because he had an office in both the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics and the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge, I also had offices in both places. I recall that he sometimes gave me a lift (probably illegally!) between the two places in his three-wheeled invalid car. I found this rather ____________ because I thought he drove faster than was safe. Later, he had to discontinue the use of the car but he never lost his drive and the desire to travel as far and wide as possible. One ____________ is he didn’t live long enough to achieve his dream of going into space.

I’m often asked where Stephen stands in the pantheon(名流群) of great physicists. There are many ways of being a great physicist and they cannot be ____________ like runners in an Olympic race. Stephen himself never ____________ to have the status of Newton or Einstein, but I strongly disagree with people who suggest that his scientific contributions have been ____________ because of his symbolic status. His disability was clearly a factor in his becoming so famous, but I doubt any other ____________ physicist will achieve the honor of being buried next to Isaac Newton in Westminster Abbey after his death.

1.

A．Otherwise

B．Nevertheless

C．Moreover

D．Therefore

2.

A．in process of

B．on account of

C．in possession of

D．accounting for

3.

A．familiar

B．similar

C．close

D．related

4.

A．accompanied

B．served

C．treated

D．entertained

5.

A．habits

B．habitats

C．tempers

D．characteristics

6.

A．work out

B．pick out

C．put out

D．lay out

7.

A．bothering

B．puzzling

C．disordering

D．suffering

8.

A．amazement

B．amusement

C．disappointment

D．astonishment

9.

A．innovation

B．evolution

C．determination

D．imagination

10.

A．fairy

B．chilly

C．scary

D．worthy

11.

A．sympathy

B．dream

C．doubt

D．regret

12.

A．leveled

B．classified

C．ranked

D．awarded

13.

A．claimed

B．appealed

C．fastened

D．applied

14.

A．outnumbered

B．emphasized

C．outlined

D．overstated

15.

A．optimistic

B．potential

C．positive

D．contemporary