The legendary Sanxingdui Ruins in Southwest China’s Sichuan province, together with the Jinsha Ruins in the provincial capital of Chengdu, will apply
The site was accidentally discovered by a farmer
In October 2019, archaeologists discovered six new sacrificial
An ancient culture dating back more than 5,000 years proved China’s early exchanges with other societies, experts say.
Experts believe the Majiayao culture had a close
Swedish expert Johan first
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3 . No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock ‘n’ roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.
“Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there's no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand. .
Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However, physicist Joseph West, who led the new study, thinks there might have been a simpler way. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, ‘Why don't they just try rolling the things?’” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he noted, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”.
So he tried it. He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的) path.
West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
1. It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by _________.A.rolling them on roads | B.pushing them over the sand |
C.sliding them on smooth paths | D.dragging them on some poles |
A.Made the paths wet. | B.Made the paths hard. |
C.Made the paths wide. | D.Made the paths slippery. |
A.Because more force is needed for sliding. |
B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle. |
C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous. |
D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling. |
A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site. |
B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site. |
C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site. |
D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site. |
China’s Liangzhu Archaeological Site
The site,
The World Heritage Committee added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list
For 4,500 years, the Great Pyramid, or the Pyramid of Khufu,
In that time, it has suffered the indignities(侮辱)of tomb raiders and archaeologists(考古学家)with gunpowder.
“The good news is that the void is there, and the other good news is that this void is very big.”
Now what is it?
“We need the help of other people,” Mehdi Tayoubi, a researcher said. Maybe Egyptologists and
6 . When archaeologist(考古学家)Zahi Hawass and his team set out to excavate an area near the Egyptian city of Luxor in September 2020, all they were hoping to find was King Tutankhamun's mortuary temple. Instead, the archaeologists came across the largest ancient city ever found in Egypt. Hawass, who exposed the discovery on April 8, 2021, believes the extremely large, well-preserved city is the "So'oud Atun", or the "Rise of Aten".
"The discovery of this lost city is the second most important archaeological discovery since the tomb of Tutankhamun," Betsy Bryan, an Egyptology professor at Johns Hopkins University and member of the team, said in the statement.
The city dates back 3, 400 years to the times of Amenhotep III, one of Egypt's most powerful pharaohs(法老), who ruled Egypt from 1391 to 1353 BC. The ninth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty ruled during a time of peace, allowing him to accumulate large amounts of wealth. While archeologists suspected the pharaoh had used some of his riches to build what Hawass refers to as "the golden city", they'd never been able to find it.
The researchers believe that his son, King Akhenaten, briefly lived in So'oud Atun before founding the city of Amarna about 250 miles away. Historians think the pharaoh and his followers left to escape the priests(祭司)who were unhappy about his decision to give up all other deities(神抵)in favor of the sun god Aten. Following Akhenaten's death, his son, Tutankhamun, moved to Thebes, which also served as Ancient Egypt's capital. The scientists aren't sure if So'oud Atun was ever occupied again.
So far Hawass and his team have unearthed thousands of amazing artifacts(手工艺品). Among them are rings, amulets, and pottery vessels. They also found a well-preserved bakery, cooking, and food preparation area, complete with ovens and storage vessels. Due to its size, the researchers believe it may have been a commercial operation. Hawass, who says the team has only explored about a third of the lost city so far, believes there're a lot more surprises to be found.
1. What word can best describe the discovery of the ancient city?A.Accidental. | B.Profitable. | C.Intentional. | D.Difficult. |
A.The ancient pharaohs' desire for wealth. |
B.The demand for an ancient Egypt's capital. |
C.No wars during the period of Amenhotep III. |
D.The religious belief in gods in the ancient times. |
A.It should be more than 3, 500 years old. | B.It is a sign of ancient architectural art. |
C.It used to be the largest city in the world. | D.It has not been explored before. |
A.A well-preserved temple. | B.An archaeological discovery. |
C.A great Egyptian archaeologist. | D.A new research on an ancient city. |
7 . On July 31, 1697, a French lawyer named Jacques Sennacques wrote a message to remind a cousin in the Netherlands to send him a relative’s death certificate. To prevent others from reading the message, the note was carefully folded, or “letter locked.” The technique was used before the invention of envelopes. However, for reasons unknown, the note never reached the recipient and was instead stored in a postmaster’s trunk, where it remained undetected for centuries. Now, a team of international researchers has deciphered (破译) the contents of the over 300-year-old sealed letter — without opening it!
The chain of events leading to this technology began in 2015 when MIT expert Jana Dambrogio got a call from Daniel Starza Smith, a researcher at King’s College London. “He asked me, ‘What would you do if I told you there was a trunk with 600 unopened letters?’”
The trunk had once belonged to 17th-century postmaster Simon de Brienne. Historians believe the post office stored the undelivered letters. That’s because, in the 17th century, it was the recipient, not the sender, who bore the postage cost. When Brienne died in 1707, he donated the trunk of letters to an orphanage. Somehow, the trunk eventually made its way to the postal museum, where it lay until recently.
Since opening the letters would destroy them, Dambrogio and her team decided to develop technology to unseal them virtually. They began by using a high-resolution X-ray scanner to create a detailed three-dimensional image of a sealed letter. While the writing inside showed up very clearly, the numerous layers of folded paper pressed close together caused the words to overlap (重叠).
To solve the issue, the researchers created sophisticated algorithm (算法) capable of deciphering the writing in the cleverly folded letter, crease by crease. The virtual opening allowed the team to read the contents “while preserving letter locking evidence.” The algorithm took almost five years to perfect. Once perfected, they used it to open four locked letters and fully decode(解码) the one from Sennacques.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.Quite a few people could write letters. | B.Envelopes were not invented in 1697. |
C.Jacques Sennacques was a postmaster. | D.Researchers couldn’t figure out the letter. |
A.To get paid. | B.To find the senders. |
C.To save the cost. | D.To scan the letters. |
A.were badly damaged | B.were all decoded |
C.remained very fresh | D.were very fragile |
A.Physically. | B.Chemically. | C.Occasionally. | D.Digitally. |
8 . Back in 2011,archaeologists first discovered a lost highway littered with Viking artifacts(古器物)—sleds, horse bones, walking sticks, a 1,700—year—old sweater and heap after heap of horse dung.
But now archaeologists have discovered so much more. They've published new research describing hundreds of items that have been found along Lendbreen pass: shoes, parts of sleds, and bones from packhorses. It would have remained hidden forever had the ice not rapidly begun melting, revealing all that roadside Viking litter.
The highway winds its way over the Lendbreen ice patch(流冰区) in Norway's Jotunheim Mountains, about 200 miles north of Oslo. "The pass was at its busiest during the Viking Age around 1,000 A.D., a time of high mobility and growing trade across Scandinavia and Europe," study co—author James Barrett said.
According to researchers, the highway was possibly built around the year 300. At the time, heavy snow covered rocks underfoot. Trading posts were built along the nearby Otta River. The road may have thrived for many more centuries.
“The decline of the Lendbreen pass was probably caused by a combination of economic changes, climate change and late medieval pandemics(中世纪流行病), including the Black Death,” study co—author Lars Pilo explained. “When the local area recovered, things had changed, and the Lendbreen pass was lost to memory.”
“The objects are amazingly well preserved,” study co—author Espen Finstad added. “It is like they were lost a short time ago, not centuries or millennia ago.”
For archaeologists, the Lendbreen ice patch seems like a gift from the ancient past. But it's alarming that it's unwrapping itself so rapidly. "Global warming is leading to the melting of mountain ice worldwide," said Pilo. “Trying to save the remains of a melting world is a very exciting job—the finds are just an archaeologist's dream—but at the same time, it is also a job you cannot do without deep worry.”
1. How many archaeologists joined efforts to publish the new research?A.One. | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.Grow weakly. | B.Develop badly. |
C.Grow happily. | D.Develop successfully. |
A.Excited and concerned. | B.Satisfied and disappointed. |
C.Delighted and depressed. | D.Astonished and discouraged. |
A.An ancient highway lost to memory. | B.A history of the lost highway. |
C.The mystery of the lost highway. | D.How to find the ancient highway. |
出生年月 | 1938年7月 |
主要贡献 | 1. 建立“数字敦煌”; 2. 编写了许多与敦煌莫高窟相关的书籍。 |
评价 | 2019年9月,被授予“文物保护杰出贡献者”国家荣誉称号。 |
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10 . A strange object was found in a small city called Carlos Spegazzini, just a short drive from the capital city of Buenos Aires.
When farmer Jose first found an odd scene in his farmland, he began to dig at the object. However, he quickly found himself running to tell his wife. Jose needed more support if he was going to investigate this strange thing.
Even the dog was hesitant to investigate. Unfamiliar with the object, man’s best friend was not about to jump at it with little concern. Therefore, they chose to call in somebody who has a better idea of what to do.
When the police first showed up, they were just asstumped as Jose. They knew this object was something out of the ordinary. It might even be something extraordinary, so more questions appeared.
It quickly became apparent, it was time to call in the big guys. That’s right; when you find something that appears to be out-of-this-world, it’s time to call in those who study the mysteries of the old world.
Authorities called in archaeologists who jumped at the chance to study the object. They quickly determined one thing was for certain: the ancient big one that left this behind was absolutely massive! The group was unable to move the shell, as it weighed nearly two tons!
Clearly, this massive beast was not the only of its kind existing in the modern-day world. Similar fossils had been found in the surrounding areas and had even made their way to museums. But what was the ancient beast?
1. What is the right order of the events?a. Jose found a strange object and began to dig
b. Jose and his wife called the police
c. Jose ran to tell his wife
d. Archaeologists came to study the object and found similar fossils.
e. They called in some experts.
A.abode | B.acbed |
C.acbde | D.abced |
A.Both the police and Jose were unfamiliar with the object and did not know what to do. |
B.The police knew this object was something out-of-this-world as Jose did. |
C.The police and Jose all liked to collect stamps. |
D.The police were just as stupid as Jose. |
A.run to our family and friends. |
B.call the police |
C.call in those who study the mysteries of the world. |
D.ignore and leave it behind. |
A.A dinosaur. | B.An insect |
C.A tree. | D.A dog. |