1 . When I worked as a global media coordinator(协调员)for the United Nations several years ago, I organized biweekly conference calls,during which I would ask my colleagues around the world to provide information by particular deadlines. My colleagues almost always responded with a yes. but all too often, the deadlines came and went without the requested material. Finally, my South African boss had to explain what would never have occurred to me: in many cultures, it is rude lo say no. So some people would say yes to anything I asked, regardless of whether they had any intention of delivering.

If communicating internally at the UN was challenging, interacting with the outside world was much harder. How would we reach people in places where newspapers are televisions are still not widely available? How could we generate media coverage there? Communicating globally may require changing the way you interviewing senior communication professionals in 31 countries about how they help clients modify their messages and strategies for particular cultures. I have found that some of the biggest factors to consider when communicating in a new culture involve emotion, context and social expectations.

As an example of emotional differences, if I were to do a media interview in the US and become visibly angry at a reporter’s question, I would be seen as unstable. By contrast, in the Middle East (an area including the countries of Southwest Asia and Northeast Africa),when people are talking about a heated issue, they tend to display powerful feelings—those who stay cool and calm while discussing such a problem may be viewed as untrustworthy.

Another big cultural difference revolves around the level of “context” provided in a conversation. As an American, I am what is known as a low-context communicator (who communicates information in a direct manner that relies mainly on words rather than contextual elements such as tones and body language), so if I want something done, I say so frankly. In high-context cultures, as in Asia, people may do the opposite. You have to pick up on body language, tones, and other contextual cues to realize that your colleague who just said yes to you has actually communicated that she does not agree to your plan.

1. How did the author probably feel about those colleagues according to Paragraph 1?

A．Confused and upset.	B．Ashamed and guilty.
C．Satisfied and delighted.	D．Doubtful and uncertain.

2. What is often expected of Northeastern Africans when they discuss emotional questions?

A．Mild curiosity.	B．Remarkable ease.
C．Emotional responses.	D．Confident calmness.

3. What can we infer from the colleague mentioned in the last paragraph?

A．She may be€ from the United States.

B．She may prefer to speak in a direct way.

C．She may be a high-context communicator.

D．She may he influenced by low-context cultures.

4. What is most likely to he discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A．The main content of the author's book.

B．Cultural differences of social expectations.

C．Different meanings of yes in different cultures.

D．Important skills of communicating with colleagues.

2 . During the "golden week" national holiday that began on October 1st, hundreds of thousands of sightseers flocked to Lijiang, a picturesque historic town in the south-western province of Yunnan. Among its attractions are the symbols printed beneath the Chinese characters on road signs and shop fronts （Starbucks included）. They are Dongba pictographs, an ancient form of script（文字）that originated among the Naxi, a local ethnic group. It almost died until about a decade ago, when local officials began to realize its value and covered the town with it.

Dongba was never widely used by the Naxi, of whom there are about 300,000 living in the Himalayan foothills near Lijiang, as well as in Tibet and Sichuan province. The pictographs, which evolved as early as the seventh century, were developed by shamans （巫 师）of the Dongba faith, which has roots in Tibet.

Over 20,000 of these religious records survive. They provide rich insight into how Naxi people thought about war, geography, astronomy and agriculture. But they are extremely hard to read. Linguists are helped by the area's Dongba priests（神职人员）. There are about 600, most of them very old, including Yang Guoxing, who ran a school from 2010 to 2015 to teach Dongba to children living in the mountains. When Mr Yang was growing up, “everyone was too busy farming” to learn it. Now they are all busy soaking up the pop culture， he says.

Signs at bus stations in rural Yunnan encourage locals to use written and spoken Chinese. But the Naxi get off lightly compared with other ethnic minorities. Primary schools in Lijiang teach the Dongba script twice a week, as well as Naxi nursery rhymes. Li Dejing, head of the Dongba Culture Research Institute, says this is not just about keeping alive the pictographs, but letting children grasp “the very spirit of their own culture”. And this will also help tourism to develop in Lijiang.

1. What do we know about the Dongba script?

A．It is widely used by local people.

B．It was a tool used by certain people.

C．It was quite popular at certain periods.

D．It has a history of more than 3000 years.

2. According to Yang Guoxing, what makes it difficult to spread the Dongba script?

A．Only priests can read it.

B．It's extremely hard to read.

C．Its value hasn't been fully recognized.

D．People are too busy to learn a new language.

3. What has been done to keep the Dongba script alive?

A．New schools are opened to teach it.

B．Some tourists are invited to preserve it.

C．Only the Dongba script can be used in schools.

D．People are more exposed to this language than before.

4. What is the best title of the text?

A．The Dongba Script Is Dying	B．The History of the Dongba Script
C．The Dongba Script Survives in Lijiang	D．The Influence of the Dongba Script

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

You know that Grandparents Day,     1     (take) place on the Sunday after Labor Day every year, is a holiday for celebrating your parents' parents. You might send them a card, or give them a call. But how did the holiday come to be?

In 1956, West Virginia native Marian McQuade was trying to plan a celebration for the elderly    2    (member) of her community. She made the sad discovery that many of the senior citizens in the nursing home didn't often receive visits from their families. So she set out     3     (choose) a day to honor and appreciate grandparents.

Grandparents Day became     4     official holiday in 1978. It's not     5    (actual) just for grandparents, but it's also to give grandparents an opportunity to show love     6     their children's children. Many families have     7     (meaning) ways of celebrating the holiday. Even if your grandparents live far away, that doesn't mean you can’t celebrate with them. Danielle Kirsch    8     (celebrate) by trying a new activity every year with her grandmother Elsie. This year, they will be painting together. Molly Arnold's grandmother is no     9    (long) around, but she still found a beautiful way to honor the holiday. She created a charity in memory of her grandmother,     10     passed away from Alzheimer's disease.

4 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I think teenagers in China should have a specially festival that I would call Teenager Volunteer Day. As it is known to all, most teenagers in China are brought up as an only child in the family. They usually given too many care and attention. Through volunteering, teenagers may learn to think of others and many other important life lesson. In Teenager Volunteer Day, teenagers are encouraged to volunteer wherever you are needed. They may help to raise money for people which suffer from a serious disease, go to a home for the aged to do what is good for old people, or collecting books for children in poor areas.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Simon Wakefield travelled round Yunnan after leaving university. While in Yunnan, he was astonished by how       1    (vary) the landscape is. Down in the south, it’s very tropical, but in the northwest, Lijiang, a half new and half old town is on the side of a mountain, its peak     2     (cover) with snow. Seen from above, the old town is a maze in     3     the tourists get lost.

He went to the village where the Naxi ethnic group live. He found that it is the women     4     run Naxi society. They have the custom of playing cards in the middle of the street. He also found the Naxi language is the only hieroglyphic language still     5     use and that Naxi culture is     6     (particular) famous for its music. Passed from father to son, the music hasn’t changed for centuries. He went to watch     7     performance in an old wooden hall, which     8     (play) by Naxi men, some of whom looked as if they were well over 100 years old.

At last he understood that it is the     9     (diverse) that makes Yunnan attractive. However different people may appear     10     (be) at first, we are all the same, all equal.

6 . Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’ dining rooms -maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best ever steak”. But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.

There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.

And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook. Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too late to start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up.

However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”

The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it. The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends. “For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”

1. The best title for the passage is probably _____.

A．Sunday—Best Time for Family

B．Sunday Roast Dying Out

C．It’s the Perfect Time for Us

D．Let’s Sit Down Together

2. Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?

A．They have a busy lifestyle.

B．They have no interest in cooking.

C．They don’t think it worthwhile.

D．They are living in the modern society.

3. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．A recent article.

B．A traditional kitchen.

C．The fine old tradition.

D．Sunday morning activity.

4. How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out?

A．Doubtful.	B．Positive.
C．Sorry.	D．Uncertain.

7 . 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack在美国开了一家网店，你想请他代卖你家乡手工艺人制作的工艺品（工艺品自定），因此你给他写了一封信。信的要点如下：
1.描述工艺品外形材料、特点等；
2.告知工艺品的价格，并希望他能帮你代卖；
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

The winter holiday is coming. I expect them very much because the Spring Festival is in the holiday. My family will return to the hometown, that we will get together and organize various activity to celebrate the festival. It's great fun but very warm. Of course, study can't ignored. I will spend some time at my study. I also plan to take an exercise and eat a balanced diet to keep fit. Besides, I' m going to help my mom with the housework either. Time permitted, I will pay visits to my relatives. This was my plan for the winter holiday.

9 . You might have heard a lot about ancient towns and ancient cities in China. Here, we list several of the most beautiful ancient villages in China.

Baoshan Stone City, Yunnan Province

Baoshan Stone City was built on a huge mushroom-shaped rock, and only has about one hundred houses. The houses are laid out in an orderly way, built on the rock, and linked by stone steps. The Naxi people there still lead an original life and grow crops in terraces(梯田); you can experience the colorful culture of the Naxi ethnic(民族的) group there.

Tuvas Village in Kanas, Xinjiang

Kanas Tuvas Village is near the mysterious Lake Kanas. The small village is located in a valley, and only has about 80 houses. These Swiss-style wooden houses are all surrounded by wooden fences. Tuvas is an ancient minority group. They traditionally lived as hunter-gathers. You can visit a local family, go herding(放牧) with the locals and experience the peaceful ancient village life.

Jiaju Tibetan Village, Danba, Sichuan Province

Jiaju Tibetan Village is known as the “Tibetan fairyland”. It stands on a mountain slope, and consists of about 140 houses. These unique houses are all built with crown-shaped roofs, red caves, and white walls, which make the houses look like little castles among the forest.

Xijiang Miao Village, Guizhou Province

If you’re interested in the Miao Minority, Xijiang Miao Village can be a great destionation for deepening your understanding of Miao history and culture. It’s the largest Miao village in China, and now has 1,432 households with a population of over 5,000, of which 99.5% are Miao ethnic group. It’s also famous for the houses built on poles of different heights.

1. What can you do in Kanas Tuvas Village?

A．Hike in terraces.	B．See houses of a foreign style.
C．Go hunting with the locals.	D．Learn about houses built on poles.

2. Where can you admire the houses like castles?

A．In Baoshan Stone City.	B．In Kanas Tuvas Village.
C．In Jiaju Tibetan Village.	D．In Xijiang Miao Village.

3. What can we infer about the villages mentioned in the text?

A．They remained secret to the outside world in the past.

B．They were originally built to defend their homeland.

C．They are still cut off and difficult to access nowadays.

D．They are the ethnic villages with unique architecture.

10 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where does Michelle Ray come from?

A．A middle-sized city.

B．A small town.

C．A big city.

2. Which place would Michelle Ray take her visitors to for shopping?

A．The Zen Garden.

B．The Highlands.

C．The Red River area.

3. What does Michelle Ray do for complete quiet?

A．Go camping.

B．Study in a library.

C．Read at home.

4. What are the speakers talking about in general?

A．Late-night shopping.

B．Holiday plan.

C．Louisville.