1 . Just when you thought you were taking care of your health by eating enough fruit and vegetables every day, new research has come out revealing that you might be swallowing microplastic particles (颗粒) along with all those vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A groundbreaking study published in the journal Environmental Research has found that fruits and vegetables absorb microplastic particles from the soil and move them through vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred to human bodies.
The researchers, who are from the University of Catania in Italy, as well as Sousse and Monastir universities in Tunisia, analyzed a variety of common fruits and vegetables —carrots, lettuce, broccoli, potatoes, apples, and pears. These were chosen for the fact that they are frequently consumed, usually one per day, which allowed the researchers to better assess the dietary intakes of MPs (microplastic particles) and NPs (nano-plastics). The samples were purchased from different sources in the city of Catania, including a small fruit vendor and a supermarket.
The researchers found that apples, followed by pears, were the most polluted fruit samples, and carrots were the most polluted vegetable. In the study’s discussion section, the authors wrote, “We can assume that the fruits contain more MPs not only because of the very high vascularization (血管化) of the fruit pulp (果肉) but also due to the greater size and complexity of the root system and age of the tree (several years) compared to the vegetables (60-75 days for the carrot).”
This study is important because it's the first to detect microplastics in fruits and vegetables. They have been found in other sources before, such as sea salt, beer, water (bottled, in particular), shellfish, sugar, soil, and even air, but never inside fresh produce. It’s an alarming discovery that raises yet another red flag about microplastic pollution in the natural environment.
It’s an area that will likely see a lot more attention in coming years, with the study authors calling for further research into the question of microplastic and whether it harms the health of both plants and humans.
1. What is the study mainly about?| A．The main cause and influence of soil pollution. |
| B．The microplastic pollution in fruits and vegetables. |
| C．The benefits of daily fruits and vegetables consumption |
| D．The great changes in people's dietary habits. |
| A．The age of root system. | B．The huge size of fruit tree roots. |
| C．The complex preservation method. | D．The large amounts of the fruit pulp. |
| A．It needs to be further studied. | B．It wasted them quite a lot of time. |
| C．It has caused harm to health. | D．It has attracted attention to diets. |
2 . One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the last paradise (天堂) on earth.
However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays, over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.
Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife, and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation (开采) of precious trees and plants.
Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.
Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.
1. The example of Nepal is used to suggest _______.| A．its natural resources are untouched | B．its forests are exploited for farmland |
| C．it develops well in health and education | D．it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists |
| A．They are happy to work their own lands. |
| B．They have to please the tourists for a living. |
| C．They have to struggle for their independence. |
| D．They are proud of working in multi-national organizations. |
| A．optimistic | B．doubtful | C．objective | D．negative |
3 . The use of fossil fuels in transportation is one of the major reasons for climate change. A survey by the Asian Development Bank indicates that Asia’s carbon dioxide emissions from transportation increased 3.9 percent yearly, nearly twice the global level.
If left unchecked, emissions from transport will continue to rise. By 2050, Asia’s demand for transportation will likely double from the current level.
First, shorten travel time and distance. City planning should be focusing on reducing people’s travel time as well as cutting carbon emissions through practical measures.
Second, improve transportation structure. It is important to encourage the use of low-carbon transportation means and reduce high-emissions vehicles. Most Asian cities including Yichang in China and Jakarta in Indonesia are not large and thus suitable for building effective and economic public transit systems.
Third, promote the use of clean energy.
As the continent with one of the largest number of developing economies, Asian is key to pushing the global low- carbon transition. With regional joint efforts, the transition could be more practical and hopeful.
| A．To carry it out requires promoting the use of clean energy. |
| B．However, there are multiple challenges to be overcome. |
| C．To achieve the low-carbon goal, strategies should be adopted. |
| D．Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in some Asian cities has been promoted. |
| E．This strategy is to increase the efficiency of energy in transportation and reduce emissions. |
| F．It is important for countries here to solve environmental problems caused by transportation. |
| G．Many Asian cities have introduced online education and remote working during the COVID-19. |
Every few years, humpback whales come to the water area in San Luis Obispo, California, for a few days while migrating, which attracts hundreds of visitors and whale lovers. In November 2020, over 20 whales were around, feeding on silverfish. Each one is huge, about 15 metres long.
At that time, I lived nearby and I was always crazy about whales so I invited my friend Liz Cottriel to go out on a ship to check them out the next morning.
“No way,” Liz hesitated. She was scared of whales and sharks, and was worried that the ship would overturn while we were in it. But I told her there was nothing to worry about and we probably would have an unforgettable experience.
Convinced, Liz joined me and we set off at 8:30 the next morning. For the first half hour we didn’t see anything. Then I spotted two pairs of whales, swimming towards us at fast speed. Though it was the first time we had seen the large creatures at such a close distance, we intended not to turn around immediately we met them. Instead, we chose to wait for their approaching.
One of the whales breached (跃出水面), then went down and hit the water really hard, leaving what looks like a layer of oil and also large waves.The boat started rocking wildly. At that moment, we realized it was too close.
All of a sudden, a large group of fish started jumping out of the water into our ship. Their movement sounded like cracking glass around us. I was terrified. Then I felt our ship lifted out of the water – about two metres, we later learned. I figured the whale was going to drag us down somehow, and I had no idea how deep we’d be sucked underwater.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
What I didn’t realise at the moment was that Liz and I were in the whale’s mouth.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
It suddenly struck me that whales have huge mouths but tiny throats.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 . There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual ant hardly weigh anything, but together they weigh almost the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops or around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been surprisingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.
In groups that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear distribution of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. While we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend mostly on pheromone (信息素), which is a kind of chemical released by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of a group. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the whole group to prepare for a defensive fight.
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and beating their target. They show so much devotion to their group that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
United and devoted, these little creatures have survived on the earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from one small individual ant.
1. We can learn from the passage that ants are__________.| A．unwilling to share food |
| B．more successful than mankind |
| C．not used to living in cold environment |
| D．too many to achieve any level of organization |
| A．tasting food | B．communication |
| C．warning enemies | D．arranging labor |
| A．help out | B．give in to |
| C．play with | D．fight against |
| A．their behavior | B．their large group size |
| C．their fearless attack | D．their individual intelligence |
6 . There are well-documented mental health benefits to pet ownership, as much research has shown. Indeed, we know there are some physical benefits as well, as dog owners tend to have more active lifestyles. Yet when it comes to conditions like allergies (过敏), we tend to think of pet ownership as exacerbating, not alleviating them.
Hence, a recent study published in the journal PLOS One might come as a surprise. The study, published Wednesday, found that children raised with cats and dogs early in life had a 13 to 16 % lower risk of developing all food allergies than those who did not own pets.
The researchers engaged in a detailed survey, studying 65,000 children. They found that children who were exposed to dogs either during fetal (胎儿) development, or up to the age of 3 years old were less likely to have nut, milk and egg allergies.
This wasn’t true for other pets that weren’t cats and dogs. Indeed, the same research found that children exposed to hamsters during this same period had an increased risk of nut allergies. Yet children who were exposed to cats during their early years were likewise less likely to develop specific allergies — namely, allergies to wheat, soybean and egg.
While the study is not the final word on the issue — the researchers note “further studies using oral food challenges are required to more accurately assess the incident of food allergies” — it reinforces preexisting research on the seemingly funny ways that cats influence human development.
In addition to adding to the growing body of scientific literature about pets and human health, the PLOS One also reinforces earlier research about the role of the environment in developing allergies. The research repeatedly found that exposure to farmyard dirt, dust and the various fine hairs that fly off animals helps children in their breathing system development.
1. What does the underlined word “exaccrbating” in paragraph 1 best mean?| A．Worsening. | B．Damaging. |
| C．Improving. | D．Benefiting. |
| A．Kids over 3 will have more food allergies. |
| B．Hamsters cause the most allergies to children. |
| C．All pet ownership will not reduce food allergies. |
| D．Cat owners are less likely to be allergic than dog owners. |
| A．Satisfied. | B．Objective. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Unconcerned. |
| A．Benefits brought by raising animals |
| B．Pet ownership making kids healthier |
| C．Researches on different food allergies |
| D．Dogs and cats reducing kids’ allergies |
7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Seagrass meadows (海草床) are wonder plants growing beneath the sea. Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks,
In this study, tiger sharks were selected as research tools due to their
So far, the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem, measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers,
The sharks led us to the seagrass ecosystem in the Bahamas,
8 . In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says.
Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site.
Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed.
Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.
1. What is special about Earth. Food. Love?| A．It gives away boxes of food. | B．It is a store without plastic bags. |
| C．It has few new customers. | D．It is the UK’s first supermarket. |
| A．Its popularity. | B．Its products. | C．Its profits. | D．Its similarity. |
| A．Pollution. | B．Acceptance. | C．Influence. | D．Application. |
| A．The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements. |
| B．Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns. |
| C．A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK. |
| D．Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention. |
9 . I finally climbed into bed at 1: 20 in the morning. My friends had helped me celebrate my 31st birthday in the basement apartment, where I lived.
Earlier in the day I had prepared for the unlikely event of a flood. We are about a third of a mile from the banks of the Ahr River. It had been raining buckets that week and the government had sent out a flood warning, though not for where I was. Still, I’d placed sandbags on the floor outside my garden door and put electronics on tables. “Silly bro!” My friends laughed at me for doing that, but I thought, why take a chance?
As I drifted off to sleep, I was awakened by the sound of rushing water, as if I were lying beside a waterfall. When I got off the bed, I was shocked that cold water was rising fast. In darkness, I grabbed my cellphone and turned on the flashlight. When I stepped out of the bedroom, I saw water shooting through the gaps of the door.
I began to panic. I knew I had to get out—fast! In bare feet, I started to make my way to the only escape: the door that led upstairs to the main floor. Finally I made it to the door and tried several times to-pull it open even just a little bit, but the rushing water shut it again. I looked around for anything I could use to keep it open. There in the corner was a coat rack (架子). I took it and, once again, opened the door, throwing the coat rack between the door and the frame (门框) to keep the door from shutting. Finally, I managed to make a gap just wide enough to squeeze (挤) through and make it into the hallway.
I leaped on to the stairs and ran outside. I stood there in the darkness, wet through. What was once a lovely street was now a waterscape, with floating ruins instead of people and cars. The river had drowned (淹没) the neighborhood!
1. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2imply?| A．Better safe than sorry. |
| B．It never rains but it pours. |
| C．A lost chance never returns. |
| D．A friend in need is a friend indeed. |
| A．Celebrating his birthday. |
| B．Sleeping in the basement. |
| C．Placing sandbags by the door. |
| D．Playing with electronic devices. |
| A．Making his way to the door. |
| B．Finding a coat rack. |
| C．Keeping the door from shutting. |
| D．Squeezing through the gap. |
| A．Sad and shocked. |
| B．Annoyed and anxious. |
| C．Surprised and disappointed. |
| D．Puzzled and awkward. |
10 . I’m retired and not responsible for much these days. My wife’s work, on the other hand, is never-ending. Diana takes care of her parents in their mid-nineties,
All that
It wasn’t long before the dogs were considering their role as “watchdogs”. Their once-wild
| A．tends to | B．turns to | C．gives way to | D．looks forward to |
| A．job | B．pet | C．toy | D．fan |
| A．stopped | B．failed | C．changed | D．happened |
| A．attacked | B．warmed | C．broke | D．gladdened |
| A．hunger | B．demand | C．hurry | D．struggle |
| A．identify | B．greet | C．enjoy | D．avoid |
| A．confused | B．forgiving | C．comforting | D．sacred |
| A．observe | B．touch | C．call | D．feed |
| A．Privately | B．Immediately | C．Gradually | D．Obviously |
| A．behavior | B．attitude | C．nature | D．emotion |
| A．reminding | B．informing | C．advising | D．warning |
| A．presence | B．influence | C．survival | D．adventure |
| A．explore | B．read | C．search | D．enjoy |
| A．secret | B．equal | C．normal | D．unexpected |
| A．skills | B．courses | C．lessons | D．tricks |
