1.现状说明；
2.具体措施；
3.发出倡议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France
Park president Nicolas said, “The purpose of employing the crows is to educate people to take up their social
Crows have long been observed for their
In addition to inspiring humans to pick up trash, the clever crows
“It has become
3 . Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research — a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
1. What was an argument made by supporters of smoking?| A．There was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death. |
| B．The number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant. |
| C．People had the freedom to choose their own way of life. |
| D．Antismoking people were usually talking nonsense. |
| A．A protector. | B．A judge. | C．A critic. | D．A guide. |
| A．Cautious. | B．Arbitrary. | C．Responsible. | D．Expericed. |
| A．They both suffered from the government’s negligence. |
| B．A lesson from the latter is applicable to the former. |
| C．The outcome of the latter aggravates the former. |
| D．Both of them have turned from bad to worse. |
The ancient Chinese built two great engineering wonders: the Great Wall and the Grand Canal (运河). The Great Wall’s function in military defense
The Grand Canal,
Now, it has inspired the name of Chenchen, one of the three mascots of the Hangzhou Asian Games. Chenchen,
The Hangzhou section stretches a total
5 . In times of intense stress, people sometimes let it out with a scream and a new study suggests that plants might do the same. Researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel has found that plants let out ultrasonic (超声的) screams when damaged or stressed by drought.
The noises, falling within a range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, are too high-frequency for humans to hear, but other plants and some animals perceive them. Insects might be listening for sounds from stressed plants to assess their condition before laying eggs on their leaves. A moth (蛾) may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed.
Researchers attached recording devices directly to plants to listen for secret sounds inside their stems (茎). In drought, air bubbles formed, burst and caused vibrations (振动) within the tissue that normally carries water up the plants’ stems. The process was picked up by the attached recording devices, but researchers wanted to know if any plant sounds could travel through the air.
So the team placed microphones 10 centimetres from stressed-out tomato and tobacco plants. They subjected one set of crops to drought and another to physical damage. A third group was untouched.
The microphones did pick up distinct sounds. On average, drought-stressed tomato plants let out about 35 ultrasonic screams per hour, while those with cut stems made about 25. Drought-stressed tobacco plants let out about 11 screams per hour, and cut crops made about 15 sounds in the same time. The average number of sounds from untouched plants fell below one per hour.
The researchers also attempted to identify each plant group just based on its screams. Using a type of artificial intelligence calculations, the team picked out distinct features in each set of sounds and successfully sorted their plants into three kinds: “dry, cut or untouched.”
If it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation, farmers might be able to hear these stress signals too. In future, enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction”, which will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.
1. The moth is mentioned in paragraph 2 to show __________.| A．moths need enough water when laying eggs |
| B．some animals are able to hear plants scream |
| C．some insects are picky about their surroundings |
| D．wildlife species depend on each other when stressed |
| A．Plants’ sounds couldn’t be detected by humans. |
| B．Plants can be grouped according to their features. |
| C．Plants’ screams are related to stress types in a way. |
| D．Air bubbles contribute to the lack of water in plants. |
| A．Supporting evidence for the research result. |
| B．Potential application of the research findings. |
| C．A further explanation of the research methods. |
| D．A reasonable doubt about the research process. |
| A．Plants’ Vibrations: Way to React to Stress |
| B．Stress Signals: Secret Newly Found in Plants |
| C．Green Screams: Plants Make Noises When Stressed |
| D．Ultrasonic Screams: Discovery Opens a New Chapter |
6 . Working at a commercial bank in New York City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks sensed a lack of meaning in her life. She wanted to do something more fulfilling.
Some people seeking meaning might read a self-help book, or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week. Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut for three months to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. Returning to New York, Sacks carried with her a newfound purpose and a set of skills to turn her dreams into reality.
“One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, mostly through composting,” she says. “And I just thought, ‘Why aren’t we doing that here? What is actually in all those bags and recycling bins at the roadsides?’”
The Adamah program opened Sacks’s eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing and the need to find solutions. So in 2016, she started working with a food rescue program, and in 2017, she found her true calling—what she calls “trash walking”.
During walks around her neighborhood, Sacks, 31, picked through trash to look for reusable items. Soon her trash walks expanded to include recycling bins in big companies. Surprisingly, she discovered really great stuff—like clothing and food—all of which she documents on Instagram and TikTok.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her educational, funny, and surprising videos that highlight the problems with consumerism and share information about how to live a more sustainable lifestyle. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to over-consumption, which leads to a large amount of waste,” she says.
Sacks is one of the most influential climate change activists on social media today. The lesson from her trash walking isn’t just that we need to produce less stuff. It’s that we need to stop throwing perfectly good items in the trash too.
1. What motivated Anna Sacks to get involved in Adamah?| A．A self-help book she read. | B．Her job at a commercial bank. |
| C．Her desire for a meaningful life. | D．The volunteer experience she had. |
| A．Fast-growing food output. | B．Sustainable living practices. |
| C．Advanced farming techniques. | D．Various waste management methods. |
| A．To improve her living conditions. | B．To gain popularity on social media. |
| C．To advertise her food rescue program. | D．To handle the damage by consumer culture. |
| A．Raising prices on products. | B．Collecting second-hand items. |
| C．Producing high-quality goods. | D．Making full use of products. |
7 . With their beautiful feathers, roosters might be forgiven for secretly taking quick looks in the mirror—especially as research now suggests the birds may be able to recognise themselves.
The ability to recognise oneself in the mirror has so far been found in a handful of animals, including elephants, dolphins, and certain fish and birds. Sonja Hillemacher, one of the authors of the study at the University of Bonn, said animals that can recognise themselves in a mirror often seemed to have more advanced cognitive abilities, and that there was a link to social and emotional wisdom, as well as self-awareness. “This ability is a basic aspect of cognition. It is also important for us,” she said.
Writing in the journal Plos One, Hillemacher and her colleagues note that roosters tend to call out to their fellow chickens if they see a threat. If a rooster is alone, however, it does not usually raise the alarm as it could draw the enemy’s attention.
In the experiment, the team placed a rooster in an indoor space and then placed a mirror, or another rooster, or nothing. The team then showed the image of a flying hawk (鹰) onto the ceiling in the space.
The results from 58 roosters found that the birds made far more alarm calls when they could see another rooster nearby, with 1.33 alarm calls per bird on average over three tests, than when alone (0.29 calls on average) or faced with the mirror (0.43 calls on average). In the follow-up experiment, the team found a similar reduction in calls when they placed a second rooster out of sight behind the mirror. The team said the findings suggest the birds did not regard their reflection as another rooster, even when there was also the presence of smell and sound of a second bird, which proves that roosters may recognise themselves in a mirror.
1. What does the new study led by Sonjn Hillemacher show?| A．Only a few animals can recognise themselves in a mirror. |
| B．Some animals have cognitive abilities similar to humans. |
| C．Roosters will enjoy their own beauty when looking in a mirror. |
| D．Roosters may have the ability to recognise themselves in a mirror. |
| A．To stress the importance of the research. | B．To provide the scientific basis for the research. |
| C．To explain reasons for carrying out the research. | D．To offer details of the preparation for the research. |
| A．A flying hawk was put in an indoor space. | B．A second rooster was placed near a mirror. |
| C．Different conditions were set to test the roosters. | D．Separate areas were needed to group the roosters. |
| A．They made only a bit more alarm calls with a second rooster in sight. |
| B．They made fewer alarm calls when faced with a mirror than when alone. |
| C．They made more than one alarm call in each test with another rooster in sight. |
| D．They made similarly fewer alarm calls when another rooster was hidden nearby. |
8 . Animals can be heroes.
One sunny afternoon as I sat on my back porch, I noticed my loyal dog Louie playing in the yard. Suddenly, barking (吠叫)
The hunting went on for what full like ages, with Louie and the snake moving quickly around the yard. Finally, Louie managed to
And that’s how Louie became a
| A．happily | B．wildly | C．softly | D．proudly |
| A．Curious | B．Awkward | C．Amazed | D．Annoyed |
| A．playing with | B．looking at | C．running after | D．jumping over |
| A．continuing | B．attempting | C．learning | D．pretending |
| A．knocking | B．turning | C．going | D．watching |
| A．confused | B．impressed | C．frightened | D．attracted |
| A．fight back | B．get away | C．come out | D．pass by |
| A．drive | B．bring | C．sweep | D．pull |
| A．kill | B．catch | C．strike | D．corner |
| A．quit | B．waited | C．suffered | D．missed |
| A．losing | B．ruining | C．creating | D．sensing |
| A．escaped | B．recovered | C．rose | D．started |
| A．or else | B．so that | C．if only | D．in case |
| A．bravery | B．friendliness | C．wisdom | D．sincerity |
| A．member | B．model | C．hero | D．guard |
9 . As an only child, Nicole Renae often felt lonely in her youth. But that all
The two were inseparable, because they were best friends. Chole always
In time, Renae had a child of her own. Remembering the
When Renae met Chloe, she was struck with a
Luckily, there was a way to
| A．mattered | B．changed | C．worked | D．occurred |
| A．adorable | B．annoying | C．disgusting | D．admirable |
| A．cleaned | B．bit | C．scratched | D．licked |
| A．pressure | B．distraction | C．burden | D．arrangement |
| A．get along with | B．get rid of | C．take possession of | D．catch up with |
| A．satisfaction | B．despair | C．hope | D．joy |
| A．emphasize | B．experience | C．explore | D．expect |
| A．letter | B．comment | C．post | D．like |
| A．Initially | B．Previously | C．Instantly | D．Regularly |
| A．familiar | B．strange | C．fantastic | D．terrible |
| A．informed | B．convinced | C．warned | D．reminded |
| A．excitement | B．relief | C．pride | D．amusement |
| A．Therefore | B．Then | C．However | D．Meanwhile |
| A．test | B．accept | C．examine | D．record |
| A．miracle | B．challenge | C．magic | D．match |
10 . To understand the effect of ice melting around the world we first have to understand what an ice sheet actually is. Covering 5.4 million square miles in Antarctica (南极洲) and 656,000 square miles in Greenland, an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice Age. These sheets form in areas where snow that falls in winter does not melt entirely over the summer. This ice, home to different species of animals, is now melting at a rate that cannot support the life it currently holds.
Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as land for resting, hunting and protection, yet as the size decreases, they are forced out of their homeland in search of other land on which to live. Often this means journeys to search for food and an imbalanced ecosystem happens when different species are forced together onto the coast.
Since the 1990s, the deer population has dropped by 56 percent — climate change has caused warmer temperatures over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, which freezes more quickly underfoot and makes it harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped diseases which bring death to animals. A similar situation has fallen on the polar bears who suffered a 40 percent population loss between 2001 and 2010.
Quite apart from these problems, the threat of sea levels rising if the ice caps were to disappear is approaching. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, the sea level would rise around six meters, and if the Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea levels would rise by around 20 feet. As a matter of fact, sea levels have risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which we’ve gained over the last 25 years. This seemingly small amount has already caused dangerous flooding, loss of farmland and more deadly storms.
While we’re still a long way from losing the ice sheets all together, we’ve already lost too much and if we don’t take climate change seriously now, we will certainly hit the point of no return.
1. What is an ice sheet according to the passage?| A．It is an ice world for animals to live on. | B．It is a land of ice that covers all Greenland. |
| C．It is an area where ice never melts in summer. | D．It is a large area of ice that exists for centuries. |
| A．a longer distance to search for food |
| B．a decrease in animal population |
| C．a larger amount of snowfall |
| D．the release of more diseases |
| A．Sea levels are rising faster in recent years. |
| B．The ice cap will first disappear in Greenland. |
| C．All natural disasters happen due to sea level rise. |
| D．The Greenland Ice sheet will be the first to disappear. |
| A．Changes of Sea Levels | B．Ice, Sea and Animals |
| C．Greenland and Antarctica | D．Effect of Melting Ice Sheets |
