1 . More than 10,000 people were made homeless in Ternang when the Sungai Mas overflowed its banks yesterday after six days of continuous heavy rain.
The wooden bridge across the river has been washed away. The town is cut off by flood waters. At the fifth mile, Jalan Tengkn, the water is two meters deep. It is closed to all traffic. Flooding first happened at mid-afternoon yesterday along the river banks. People trying to get to higher ground were just in time to escape the destroying of the flood. Most of the flood victims(受害者) had to leave all their things behind.
The National Flood Relief(救济) Center was reported to give its help and by early evening the whole town was moved out, helped by the army, police, Red Cross Society and volunteers(志愿者).
The flood victims are now housed in different simple relief centers in the nearby town of Ternang. “Everything possible is being done to help the unlucky people,” a government spokesman said, “In fact, money, food and clothing have begun to come in from public organizations and helpful people. A Disaster Relief Fund(救灾基金会) will be started as soon as possible.”
According to the latest reports it is still raining heavily at Ternang. The whole town is expected to be wholly covered by the water. So far no deaths have been reported.
1. This passage is probably taken from ______.| A．a storybook | B．a textbook |
| C．a magazine | D．a newspaper |
| A．the banks were too low | B．the wooden bridge is solid (坚固) |
| C．the river was too narrow | D．they had had wet days for some time |
| A．though the town was flooded, you could still go there by bus |
| B．as soon as the water flowed over the banks, people began to go to higher lands |
| C．the government and the whole society are taking great care of the flood victims |
| D．the flood hasn't brought a large loss to the town as nobody died in the flood |
| A．A Big Flood | B．Ternang Is destroyed |
| C．Over 10,000 People Are Homeless | D．Rescue Team Arrived |
Green Hills, Clear Water, Blue Sky is a project that was set up by the government three years ago. Since it was started, many people
All in all, people and the government should work side by side to take care
3 . The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. Nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating as well as lighting.
These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.
Nigel Brace is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels.There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost alcohol stove made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out. LPG (Liquefield Petroleum Gas) cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves. WHO experts note that some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.
But this,the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances/devices.
1. What does the indoor pollution mainly result from?| A．Poisonous fuels. | B．High technology. | C．Space heaters. | D．Solar energy. |
| A．By showing differences. | B．By describing a process. |
| C．By making a list. | D．By analyzing data. |
| A．Indoor pollution results in some deaths. |
| B．Most of the deaths are in developing countries. |
| C．The solid fuels are used in more effective ways. |
| D．There is no indoor pollution in developed countries. |
| A．LPG cooks are being tested out. | B．Alcohol stoves are widely used now. |
| C．Electric induction stoves are expensive. | D．Solar lamps are very cheap in Africa. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词的下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, and I miss my home in the countryside consisted of clean air and the green mountains. Fortunately, the environment has been polluted on the development of industrialization. Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier, that causes many diseases. We must draw conclusion and find ways to protect our environment. If you fail to do so , we’ll live to regret it .
5 . Rachel Carson was an American author and environmental protection scientist. “Silent Spring” was her most famous book. The idea for the book developed from a suggestion from a friend. Rachel’s friend owned a protected area for birds. An airplane had flown over the area where the birds were kept and spread a powerful chemical called DDT. Many songbirds and harmless insects were killed by the DDT.
Miss Carson and other scientists were very concerned about the harmful effects of DDT and other insect-killing chemicals called pesticides. Rachel Carson tried to get many magazines interested in publishing a report about the subject. However, none would agree to publish anything about such a debate subject. They said no one wanted to hear that industrial companies could cause great ecological damage.
Miss Carson believed the public needed to know about this important issue. She decided to write a book about it. In her book “Silent Spring”, Miss Carson questioned the right of industrial companies to pollute without considering the effects on the environment. Miss Carson argued that this kind of pollution would result in ever-decreasing populations of birds and other wildlife. She said this would lead to the loss of the wonderful sounds of nature. The chemical poisoning of the environment, she said, would cause a silent spring.
The chemical industry felt threatened. Industry spokesmen and other critics said the book was non-scientific and emotional. They misunderstood the message of the book. Miss Carson did not suggest that all pesticides be banned. She urged that control of these substances be given to biologists who could make informed decisions about the risks involved.
Support for the book increased. By the end of 1962, there were more than forty bills in state laws proposing to control pesticides. Finally, in November, 1969, the United States government ruled that the use of DDT must stop in two years.
Rachel Carson did not live to see how her book influenced the government’s decision to ban DDT. She died of breast cancer in 1964.
1. What gets Rachel Carson to write the book?| A．The area of protection. | B．A powerful chemical called DDT. |
| C．Killed songbirds and insects. | D．The advice given by Rachel’s friend. |
| A．it was an unimportant subject for them |
| B．they were afraid of being involved in the quarrel |
| C．they had no environmental consciousness at all |
| D．DDT was necessary for industry development |
| A．tolerance | B．criticism |
| C．unconcern | D．praise |
| A．The influence of the book “Silent Spring”. | B．How Rachel Carson became successful. |
| C．Environmental protection. | D．Why DDT is forbidden. |
The Amazon rainforest plays a key role in the Earth's ecosystem. It breathes life into the planet
7 . 2019 was the second warmest year on record around the globe. making the last decide the warmest in recorded history, according to a new government report that look nearly a year to publish.
Experts from NASA found that the average global surface temperature has consistently increased since the 1880s, which their analysis found bas been driven by emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases produced by human activity such ns energy production and transportation.
“We crossed over into the situation of more than two degrees Fahernheit warming in 2015 and we are unlikely to go back. This shows that what's happening is persistent, not an unusual situation due to some weather phenomenon: we know that the long term trends are being driven by the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” said Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
While the rise in temperature may seem small in terms of day-to-day weather, climate experts say even a small amount of warmer average temperatures can change weather patterns and lead to more serious consequences that it may not be possible to change as the trend continues.
The amount of heat in the ocean was also the highest ever recorded in 2019. The oceans absorb heat and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which not only raises the temperature but also makes the water more acidic, threatening sea life in many areas. Deke Arndt t chief of the global monitoring branch of NOAA s National Centres for Environmental Information, said ocean temperature is an important measure of overall trends, because roughly 90% of warming from greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is transferred to the ocean. Melting sea ice continued last year, creating a major decline. Numbers in 2019 show the second smallest coverage recorded in history in both the Arctic and Antarctic oceans.
A separate analysis from the non-profit Berkeley Earth found that 2019 was the second warmest year on Earth since 1850. That report found the global long-term average temperature will increase by an average of 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit by 2035 at the current rate of warming. That report says, “The increasing abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities is the direct cause of this recent global warming.”
1. According to this passage, which human activity releases greenhouse gases?| A．Traffic monitoring. | B．Energy production. |
| C．Management of the atmosphere. | D．Monitoring of temperature change, |
| A．Global average temperature continues to rise. |
| B．The increasing temperature is just temporary. |
| C．The rise in temperature is mainly due to weather phenomena. |
| D．Global average temperature has been consistently increasing for a short time. |
| A．The solutions to ocean heat absorption, | B．The role of the ocean in global warming. |
| C．The impact of global warming on the ocean. | D．The ways to protect the ocean and sea life. |
| A．It will not necessarily lead to rising ocean temperatures. |
| B．As the temperature rises slowly, its impact is not obvious. |
| C．The average global surface temperature rose by 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit in 2019. |
| D．People should slow down the trend by changing their activities. |
8 . President Theodore Roosevelt is remembered for his speech. His lines included "speak softly and carry a big stick". He also said, "The government is us; we are the government, you and I." Roosevelt was also a conservationist and his skills came into play in support of that cause.
At the Conference of Governors in 1908, the question of what should be done with America's natural resources was discussed. It might sound ordinary now, but then it was something new. Roosevelt opened the conference with a speech titled "Conservation as a National Duty". Conservation "is second only ...to the great fundamental questions of morality". "We have become great in a material sense because of the wasteful use of our resources," he explained. "But the time has come to inquire seriously what will happen when our forests are gone, when the resources are used up, when the soils shall have been still further impoverished (使贫瘠) and washed into the streams, polluting the rivers and making the fields bare." He said by planning ahead, these could be avoided.
Roosevelt understood there would be impediments when saying resource use should be limited. For centuries citizens held the belief that the land with abundant resources belonged to them and allowed free use (and misuse) for survival and profit. Yet he also knew that was a must.
During his presidential years since 1901, he had worked to establish a system and create national wildlife reserves, but his opening speech in 1908 was a critical moment in conservation. It positioned conservation "in a way that reassessed America's past actions and warned its possible future if nature was not saved". The address greatly affected Americans，view of conservation. It made conservation sound public and moral rather than a private and economic issue. And Roosevelt did so on a grand stage: his event involved all levels of governments and created a spectacle (壮观的场面) for the press to report on. Newspapers which were filled with advance notice of the Conference of Governors wrote at length about the event and Roosevelt's speech.
1. How did Roosevelt stress the importance of conservation in his speech?| A．By putting it in a place before morality. |
| B．By listing potential consequences of overdeveloping. |
| C．By criticizing Americans' use of resources. |
| D．By giving examples of environmental destruction. |
| A．Approvals. | B．Failures. | C．Risks. | D．Barriers. |
| A．was highly valued by newspapers |
| B．won support from all government members |
| C．promoted the establishment of the system |
| D．made conservation a private and economic issue |
| A．Conservation and Morality, Which Comes First |
| B．President Roosevelt Contributed Much to the US |
| C．An Address Changed Americans'Attitude to Nature |
| D．Roosevelt, a Great Man Remembered for His Speech |
Climate varies from place to place. A desert, for example, is known as a dry climate
The cause of current climate change is larger human activities, like burning fossil fuels, such as natural gas, oil and coal. Burning these materials
On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running
Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the danger,
