1 . Healthy See, Healthy Do

Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The location of store displays (摆放) also influences our shopping choices.    1    

The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.    2     A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods.

    3     It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods. “We know that the stores are full of cues (暗示) meant to encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.”

Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.     4     Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.

Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.    5     The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.

The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.

A．These foods give people more energy.

B．They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.

C．And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.

D．The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.

E．These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health.

F．They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.

G．And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior.

3 . How old is “old”?

How old is “old”?     1     More than two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. That was the average life then. At the turn of the 20th century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life span (长度) increased to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.

So, how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all sorts of people. “You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived.     2    

Once an unknown author wrote, “Youth is not a time of life but it is a state of mind. Nobody grows old by living a number of years.     3    ”

    4     Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’ What does that mean? Is there some model that you’re supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80.”

There are many wrong ideas about aging.     5     Here are some of the more common ones. For example, most older people are in poor health, or older people are unable to change.

A．Old is a point of view.

B．It’s extremely terrible to be grown old.

C．The answer has changed over the years.

D．Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.

E．Older people are stubborn, unable to change.

F．People grow old by giving up their goals.

G．These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.

6 . No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own _________.

I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.

It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the _________ team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to prepare for the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment, we were defeated. I couldn’t believe I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were _________ me. I had to change my _________ about their ability and potential.

I started doing anything I could to help them build a little _________. Most importantly, I began to treat them like _______. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their vacations, we met every day and practiced passing and kicking the football.

Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second and continued to improve. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a _________ for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest _________ of my life!

From the experience, I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and _________ them. I helped them to see themselves ____________, and they built themselves into winners.

Winners are made, not born.

1.

A．luck

B．efforts

C．tests

D．nature

2.

A．excellent

B．successful

C．new

D．strong

3.

A．depending on

B．looking for

C．reacting to

D．caring about

4.

A．intention

B．conclusion

C．decision

D．attitude

5.

A．culture

B．fortune

C．relationship

D．pride

6.

A．winners

B．leaders

C．learners

D．part

7.

A．burden

B．victory

C．shame

D．favor

8.

A．offers

B．concerns

C．thrills

D．chances

9.

A．observed

B．encouraged

C．impressed

D．protected

10.

A．calmly

B．honestly

C．differently

D．individually

7 . When I look back at the first half of the year, I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through. But the biggest one was definitely my high school graduation _______.

When I first arrived in the Czech Republic (捷克) four years ago, I was just a normal exchange _______ who spoke only English. Then at the end of the year-long exchange program, I came up with the idea of _______ my high school studies there.

At that time, I was only sixteen and delighted by my new future. But I didn’t realize the _______ of completing school in the Czech language, which is considered to be one of the most popular _______ in the world. As I lacked (缺少) _______ of certain subjects, I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate. However, I practiced all the time. Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently and my _______ grew.

The final exam day came. Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt _______ and confident.

In May, I received notice that I had _______ the exam. At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone. “One student, she is from China with only three years of learning Czech, she ________.”

My journey through high school was finally finished. Though the journey of university is just about to begin, I think I am ready.

1.

A．speech

B．exam

C．present

D．custom

2.

A．teacher

B．expert

C．engineer

D．student

3.

A．finishing

B．canceling

C．examining

D．preparing

4.

A．value

B．ability

C．challenge

D．benefit

5.

A．places

B．music

C．songs

D．languages

6.

A．knowledge

B．letter

C．luck

D．magazine

7.

A．money

B．fear

C．confidence

D．worry

8.

A．sad

B．troubled

C．terrible

D．encouraged

9.

A．passed

B．failed

C．avoided

D．missed

10.

A．got away

B．broke down

C．made it

D．calmed down

9 . Einstein’s Opinions on Creative Thinking

“The greatest scientists are artists as well,” said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist.

For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics.     1     “All great achievements of science must start from intuitive (直觉的) knowledge. Imagination is more important than knowledge.”

    2     Surprisingly, it wasn’t the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed. If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art.     3     That’s why he said that great scientists were also artists.

    4     “If I were not a physicist,” he once said, “I would probably be a musician. I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music.” Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space, which both combine spatial (空间的) and structural aspects. “The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition,” said Einstein. “My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six.     5    ”

A．But how did art differ from science for Einstein?

B．Instead, it came from intrusion (直觉) and inspiration.

C．My new discovery is the result of musical insight.

D．There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then.

E．Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically.

F．Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music.

G．For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achievements.

10 . 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim计划今年来中国过春节，发邮件向你询问有关春节的习俗。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．表示欢迎；
2．介绍春节的习俗（大扫除、看春晚、吃饺子、收红包等）；
3．建议他准备保暖衣物。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua