1 . A better early warning system for tsunamis may soon be possible with the help of artificial intelligence. AI technology can detect very small disturbances in satellite signals when a tsunami’s waves begin to form, which could bring felicity to coastal communities, providing warnings long before the tsunami hits.

“There is no global network for detecting tsunami waves, and setting up physical hardware, like buoy-based systems, is expensive,” says Valentino Constantinou at Teran Orbital Corporation, a satellite manufacturing company based in Florida. “But we know that small satellites are just increasing rapidly everywhere.”

Those GPS satellites are important because they constantly exchange radio signals with ground stations. Crucially, the speed of the radio signals is affected by the density (密度) of charged particles (带电粒子) in an area of Earth’s ionosphere (电离层). Tsunami-caused shock waves travelling up into the atmosphere affect the density of these particles, generating small but measurable changes in the satellite radio signals.

Constantinou and his colleagues developed a computer program to measure changes in the density of these charged particles caused by the formation of a tsunami and then transformed the data into images that can be analysed by AI models. They then tasked the AI with identifying tsunami-related features within the images.

The researchers trained and tested the AI on data from three earthquake-caused tsunamis: one that struck Chile in 2010, a 2011 event in Japan and an event that occurred off Canada’s west coast in 2012. They then confirmed the AI’s performance on data from a fourth tsunami, which was caused by the 2015 Ⅲapel earthquake off the coast of Chile. This showed how well the AI could distinguish tsunami-related disturbances from normal variations in the ionosphere.

But Constantinou says it remains to be seen if performance based on data from four tsunami events can lead to accurate detection of a more diverse set of tsunamis and the rarity of huge tsunamis makes it challenging to analyse and predict such events. A truly effective tsunami detection system would also require international cooperation to share data from satellite stations.

1. What does the underlined word “felicity” probably mean in Paragraph 1?

A．Challenge.

B．Welfare.

C．Qualification.

D．Freedom.

2. Why do GPS satellites matter to tsunami detection?

A．They stay steady in extreme weather conditions.

B．They can predict the exact location of a coming tsunami.

C．Their signals can directly pass through Earth’s ionosphere.

D．Their signals can reflect charged particle density changes.

3. What was the data from the 2015 tsunami used for?

A．Showing the damage brought by tsunamis.

B．Proving the accuracy of the AI’s performance.

C．Helping the AI analyse tsunami information.

D．Offering basic information on tsunami detection skills.

4. What may be a suitable title for the text?

A．AI can spot early signs of a tsunami

B．A tsunami warning system is on the way

C．Satellites play a key role in global cooperation

D．Tsunamis won’t be a threat to humans in the future

2 . A new study says that no matter how much the world cuts back on greenhouse gases, a large and important part of ice of Antarctica (南极洲) is expected to disappear.

Researchers used computer models to expect the future melting (融化) of protective ice around Antarctica’s Amundsen Sea in western Antarctica. They said the melting will take hundreds of years. It will slowly add nearly 1.8 meters to sea levels. And it will be enough to change where and how people live in the future.

The study found that even if future warming was limited to just a few tenths of a degree more, it would have limited power to prevent ocean warming that could lead to the breakdown of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Study lead writer Kaitlin Naughten is an expert on oceans at the British Antarctic Survey. She said their research suggests that Earth is set on the path to a quickly increasing speed of ocean warming and ice shelf melting over the rest of the century.

While past studies have talked about how serious the situation is, Naughten was the first to use computer modeling to study how warm water from below will melt the ice. The study looked at four different cases in how much greenhouse gases the world produces. In each case, ocean warming was just too much for this area of the ice to survive.

Naughten looked at floating areas of ice that hold back glaciers (冰川). Once these areas of ice melt, there is nothing to stop the glaciers behind them from flowing (流) into the sea.

The study also looked at what would happen if future warming was limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius over mid-19th century levels: the international goal. They found the rapid melting process in this case as well.

The world has already warmed about 1.2 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times and much of this summer went past the 1.5 degrees mark.

1. Which can best describe the findings of the study?

A．Cheerful.

B．Encouraging.

C．Misleading.

D．Disappointing.

2. What makes Naughten’s work on Antarctic ice special?

A．Her research area.	B．Her research time.
C．Her research method.	D．Her research purpose.

3. What do we know about floating areas of ice?

A．They will flow into the sea.	B．They protect the Antarctic ice.
C．They have warmed about 1.2℃.	D．They disappear faster than other ice.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Ice in Parts of Antaretica Will Disappear	B．Climate Change Will Harm Humans
C．Sea Level Will Rise Suddenly in the Future	D．Limiting Greenhouse Gases Makes No Sense

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

    1     (construct) from the 5th century BC, the Grand Canal was a means of communication for the Empire for the first time in the Sui Dynasty.

Before foundation of Sui Dynasty, China had     2     (continuous) evacuated several canals,     3     had been suspended due to natural environment. Some needed to be repaired but were still navigable, but were too separated from each other to form large-scale water transport nationwide.

The establishment of Sui Dynasty     4     (declare) the end of long-lasting split situation. In 605 AD, Emperor Yang Guang, the     5     (two) emperor of Sui Dynasty, ordered excavation of the Grand Canal to meet the political,     6     (economy) and military needs of unified nation.

The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the Yuan Dynasty (13th century), providing a unified inland navigation network consisting     7     more than 2,000 km of artificial waterways, linking five of the most important river basins in China,     8     (include) the Yellow River and the Yangtze.

As     9     major means of internal communication today, it has played an important role in ensuring the prosperity and     10     (stable) of China over the ages.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Who will help deliver the bottles on Monday morning?

A．Lisa

B．Steven.

C．The teacher.

2. Why do the students collect the bottles?

A．To decorate the room for the party.

B．To make gifts for the homeless.

C．To use them as money boxes.

3. What is the conversation mainly about?

A．A community club.

B．A charity event.

C．An entertainment activity.

5 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What was Inhotim like before 1990s?

A．It was popular.

B．It was unique.

C．It was undeveloped.

2. What is the main purpose for the visitors to Inhotim?

A．To experience the art.

B．To see the landscape.

C．To visit the farm.

3. What has directly benefited Inhotim?

A．More employment

B．Better living environment.

C．Stronger cultural atmosphere.

6 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. When was Rebecca offered the position as a local news reporter?

A．In 2016.

B．In 2017.

C．In 2019.

2. Why did Rebecca leave her first job?

A．She moved to another city.

B．She followed her husband's advice.

C．She wanted to take up a better position.

3. What does Rebecca think of her second job?

A．Impressive.

B．Enjoyable.

C．Promising.

4. What information does the man want to get from Rebecca?

A．Her educational background.

B．Her working experience.

C．Her professional skills.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. How many multiple-choices remain unfinished?

A．3.

B．4.

C．7.

2. How did Linda perform in the free response questions?

A．Fairly well.

B．Just so-so.

C．Quite badly.

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. How do the speakers advertise their products now?

A．Through a magazine.

B．Through a television.

C．Through an Internet page.

2. Why did the woman refuse the man's first advice?

A．It's too expensive.

B．It's too difficult.

C．It won't work.

3. How many people can get the magazines?

A．3 hundred.

B．3 thousand.

C．3 million.

4. Who will the man call?

A．His boss.

B．His friend.

C．His customer.

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What does the man do?

A．An animal keeper.

B．A zoo manager.

C．A park cleaner.

2. What happened that evening?

A．A lion escaped into the zoo.

B．A lion escaped from the zoo.

C．A hurricane blew a lion away.

3. Where was the lion that afternoon?

A．In the zoo.

B．In the police station.

C．In a lady’s garden.

4. What was the lion doing when the keepers saw it?

A．Eating in the bushes.

B．Sleeping in the garden.

C．Playing in the park.

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Yuanmingyuan — garden of all gardens     1    (burn) and fell into ruins in 1860. Recently my classmates had a discussion about     2     it should be rebuilt or not. Supporters of rebuilding the garden say only by doing so can we see the     3     (origin) sight of the garden, which reflects the Chinese civilization. And it will be another place of interest for     4     (visitor). If it is party rebuilt, it will provide a comparison and help us remember the history. Those     5     disagree think it more reasonable     6     (keep) the garden like this. The ruins will remind us     7     the past. We should never forget the history. Other buildings like the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace can also be symbols of the Chinese culture, so it isn’t     8     (necessity) to rebuild this garden. Some also worry that the environment will be destroyed when the construction goes on in this district.     9     (person), it is advisable to rebuild Yuanmingyuan, which will add beauty to the city. What’s more, the new scenic spot will no doubt promote     10     economic development of the local.