1 . Anyone watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China over the last few days will have seen lots and lots of snow ----– man-made snow. Since the area gets little natural snow, this is the first time the Winter Olympics is taking place on almost 100% artificial snow.

This year’s Winter Olympics are being held in Beijing, China, and in two areas northwest of Beijing, Yangqing and Zhangjiakou. The areas get cold in the winter, but they don’t get a lot of snow. That’s because they’re not far from the Gobi Desert, and are generally very dry.

That meant some serious changes were needed to hold the Winter Olympics there. China took water from a reservoir which helps supply Beijing’s drinking water and sent it to a nearby river. To carry the water to the mountains for making snow, the country ran miles and miles of pipes. China says making the snow took about 49,000 gallons (185,500 liters) of water. Outside experts say it probably took a lot more water than that.

China hired an Italian company called TechnoAlpin to create the snow. TechnoAlpin created artificial snow at several earlier Winter Olympics. For the snow in this year’s Olympics, TechnoAlpin laid over 40 miles (64 kilometers) of pipe and brought in hundreds of snow-making machines. Even with all of those machines, making the snow for this year’s Games took seven weeks.

It’s useful to be able to make snow when nature doesn’t provide enough. But artificial snow isn’t the same as natural snow, which has more air and less water. An athlete used to natural snow might have to adjust their style on man-made snow.Still, the machines that make artificial snow are quite advanced. They can make several different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport. For example, the snow they make for downhill skiing is different from the snow made for cross-country skiing.

A few athletes have complained about the snow at this year’s Olympics. Most others say it’s been just fine.

In recent years, it has become more and more common to use artificial snow at winter sports events. That’s true even in places that used to have a lot of snow naturally. Some artificial snow was used in the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014 because of warm weather. In the 2018 Games in PyeongChang, South Korea, roughly 90% of the snow was man-made.

As the world warms because of climate change, problems like this are expected to become far more common. Michael Mayr, who leads TechnoAlpin in Asia, says, “You could not have winter sports now without man-made snow.”

1. Why does the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics use artificial snow?

A．To save energy.	B．To keep athletes happy.
C．To provide enough snow.	D．To protect th eenvironment.

2. To create the snow, China first has to________.

A．built a reservoir	B．lay miles of pipes
C．find the source of water	D．carry the water to the mountains

3. TechnoAlpin was chosen to create the snow for________.

A．the friendship between China and TechnoAlpin	B．the request of the Olympic Committee
C．the lack of snow making company	D．TechnoAlpin’s rich experience

4. What does the author mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．The reasons of climate change.	B．Some examples of warm weather.
C．The expectations of artificial snow.	D．The necessity of using artificial snow.

2 . Volunteering offers great help to people in need, but the benefits (好处) can be even greater for you, the volunteer.

    1    . Being a volunteer helps you make new friends and improve your social skills. Volunteering is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to an area. It develops your ties to the community, broadens your support network and offers you chances to know people with common interests and fun activities.

    2    , others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people. Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skills, since you are meeting regularly with a group of people with common interests.

Volunteering is good for your mind and body.     3    . Nothing reduces (减少) stress better than a meaningful connection to another person. Working with pets and other animals has also been shown to improve mood and reduce stress and anxiety. Studies have found that older volunteers are likely to walk more and find it easier to sleep regularly.     4    .

If you’re considering a new job, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field.     5     , volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice important skills used in the workplace, such as teamwork communication, problem solving and organization. You might feel more comfortable stretching (伸展) your wings at work once you have improved these skills in a volunteer position first.

A．Volunteering increases self-confidence

B．Volunteering connects you to others

C．Even if you're not planning on changing your job

D．While some people are naturally outgoing

E．It provides many benefits to both mental and physical health

F．Many people volunteer in order to make time for hobbies outside of work

G．Volunteering can also reduce the risk of heart disease

3 . People will say firmly their childhood memory is real, offering amazing detail as proof that it must be, and getting upset if you suggest they are wrong.

But, for years, scientists have questioned whether these memories could actually be true, given what we know about neuroscience (神经科学) and the brain. The human brain grows and develops in clear stages. As it grows and creates and adapts, so different developmental stages are reached. These stages are the result of millions of years of evolution (进化). Now, finally, a study has proved this. Researchers from Memorial University in Newfoundland, Canada, reviewed decades worth of data to understand the earliest age at which lasting memories form and they have believed that it is around 30 months.

So people who think they remember something from when they were a baby are, I am afraid, mistaken. The problem with early memories is that they are very easy to fabricate, which is what I did.

I have a vivid image of standing in the garden, my mum holding a flower and laughing. It’s one of my first memories. I must have been 18 months old because we moved from that house before I was two. I could swear it was real.

Years ago, when I shared this memory with my mum, she shook her head and produced a photo. It showed her in a garden, laughing and holding a flower. But it was taken three years before I was born. That beautiful memory is a work of fiction (虚构): an old photo that used to hang on the wall.

I’ll admit to feeling shocked and robbed when I realized this memory was entirely false. It made me question other things I remember as a child, too. A study into this event published a few years ago found that around 40 per cent of us say that we have memories from before the age of two. But it’s the mind playing tricks on us taking old stories or photos and turning them into a memory.

While it can be disappointing to realize that a recollection you hold so dear might not be true, it does provide a good lesson in how changeable memory can be.

1. When is a child’s lasting memory formed?

A．When he is 18 months old.	B．When he is two years old.
C．When he is three years old.	D．When he is 30 months old.

2. What does the underlined word “fabricate” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Sign up.	B．Make up.
C．Concentrate on.	D．Bring back.

3. Why does the author mention his own experience?

A．To prove his argument.	B．To attract readers’ attention.
C．To show off his good memory.	D．To explain how memories form.

4. What can we infer from paragraph 6?

A．A study published a few years ago proved false.

B．Our mind is always fond of playing tricks on us.

C．The author is curious about everything during his childhood.

D．The author felt surprised realizing his childhood memory was false.

4 . 你校英语报正在进行“My Best Friend”的征稿，请你据此写一篇英语短文进行投稿，内容包括：
1. 他/她的基本信息；
2. 他/她所做的让你印象最深的一件事；
3. 这件事对你的影响或启示。
注意：词数100左右。
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5 . 据说，那对老夫妇现在正在欧洲旅行。（It is +v. -ed +that...）（汉译英）

6 . 人人都在追求幸福生活，不同的人追求幸福生活的方式不同，你是怎样追求幸福生活的？请以My happy life 为题，写一篇英语作文，介绍一下你的幸福生活。
作文必须包括以下要点：
1. 在家经常帮助父母和其他家庭成员，他们也很爱你。
2. 在学校认真学习，尊敬老师，与同学相处友好。
3. 平时注意爱护环境，遵守交通规则，宽容待人。
4. 有许多好朋友，生活得很开心很自信，始终带着笑容面对一切。
要求：1. 词数不少于80；
2. 内容要点可用不同方式表达；
3. 鼓励作紧扣主题的适当发挥；
4. 所给的开头不计入总词数。

My happy life

Everyone wants to have a happy life.Different people have different ways to get it.

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7 . Making an organized presentation(报告）starts with your introduction. The introduction opens your speech. It’s common for many presenters to start their talks with the sentence like "My name is...” or "Today I’m going to talk to you about...”,but this is not much of an introduction.

A good introduction in a formal（正式的) presentation must achieve three goals:

●Win the listeners’ attention.

●Make the topic and the purpose of the talk clear.

●Provide a general description of what you will cover in the talk.

Useful tips for winning listeners’ attention:

●Quote(引述）someone else.   A quote is words said by someone else that is helpful to what you're going to talk about. When using a quote, you need to do two things: Mention where the words come from and connect the quote with your topic.

●Tell a joke.   A touch of humor in good taste is a great way to break the ice, making people relaxed. The key is that the joke must be connected with the topic you’re going to talk about, or it will take the listeners’ attention away from your speech, making them lose interest in your presentation.

●Share a story.   A short story is another clever way to start a presentation. To work, the story needs to show a key point or include a message that you can connect with the talk.

1. To make a good introduction, you must make sure________.

A．the purpose of the talk is clear	B．the listeners are well-educated
C．your story covers all the points	D．the topic is popular with others

2. What may happen if the joke you tell has nothing to do with your topic?

A．The speech may turn out to be successful.

B．Listeners may have a good laugh about it.

C．You may get nervous and worried.

D．Listeners may lose interest in the presentation.

3. The quote, joke and story you use need to________.

A．show good taste	B．be connected with the topic
C．have to do with yourself	D．make people relaxed

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．How to quote others properly.

B．How to choose a joke with good taste.

C．How to communicate with others.

D．How to make an introduction in a presentation.

8 . The National Capital Confucius Institute at Carleton University is pleased to announce its sixth China Study Tour, including a two-week visit to China from February 4-19, 2019

Program Details

This tour is open to 20 students of Carleton University.

Students of Mandarin Chinese courses will be preferred.

This program is not open to native Chinese nationals.

Students must complete at least one HSK Exam at the end of December, 2018.

Fees

$1950, international travel and hotels included.  The Chinese Embassy will charge visa fees separately.

Activities

Cultural orientation(情况介绍) at the Confucius Institute Headquarters in Beijing. Visits to major cultural attractions, historic sites, and universities in Beijing, Xi’an, Wuhan and Shanghai.   Chinese language and culture courses at Central China Normal University in Wuhan.

Application Process

Click here to download your application form

Students must submit(提交)an application by email to confucius@carleton.ca or in person to Carleton International at 509 Tory Building

Contact Information

613-520-260 ext 2628

carleton.international@carleton.ca

1. Who can take the program?

A．Any student who is taking Mandarin Chinese courses.

B．A Carleton University student who has passed HSK Exam.

C．A Chinese student who is studying at Carleton University.

D．A student who will take his / her first HSK Exam in 2019.

2. What will the students do in the program?

A．Stay in Chinese families.

B．Study at Beijing University.

C．Visit the Great Wall and the Forbidden City.

D．Learn Chinese at the Confucius Institute Headquarters in Beijing.

3. Where is the passage taken from?

A．A newspaper.

B．A travel guidebook.

C．A magazine.

D．The Internet.

9 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A little exercise is better than none

Exercise is good for us. It reduces the risk of dying from all causes, including cancer and heart disease. This is according to the World Health Organisation. But many people who work on weekdays have little time for exercise.

So, they might try to do something to increase their heart rates over the weekend go for a long run, take a bike ride, hike in the mountains or do a strenuous chore around the house, such as raking leaves , shoveling snow or digging a garden.

We sometimes call people who exercise only on Saturdays and Sundays “weekend warriors (战士)”. But is it healthy to avoid exercise during the workweek and then try to fit it all in during the weekend?

A new study suggests that, yes, it is healthy: Even weekend warriors may reduce their risk of cancer and cardiovascular (心血管的) disease.

Australian researchers at the University of Sydney conducted the study. It took place over a nine-year period.

During that time, the researchers looked at the self-reported exercise habits and health examinations of more than 63,000 adults in England and Scotland. Then they connected that information to mortality—or, death—records.

The researchers found that people who exercised only one or two days a week improved their chances of living longer than people who did not exercise at all. Even those who are very overweight—or, obese—could extend their lives by exercising a couple of days per week. Exercises included playing sports and taking a brisk walk.

First, let’s look at cancer. When compared to those who did not exercise at all , weekend warriors had an 18 percent lower risk of dying from cancer.

As for cardiovascular disease, weekend warriors had a 40 percent lower risk of cardiovascular disease than inactive people, or so-called “couch potatoes”. Couch potatoes are people who don’t exercise. They simply sit all day like potatoes.

In other words, their health improves even if they don’t meet the suggested weekly amount of physical activity. However, to be in the best health, Stamatakis says, more exercise is better.

The WHO suggests that the average adult get at least 150 minutes of moderate (中等的) to intense activity per week. For the best results, the organisation suggests 75 minutes per week of vigorous (高强度的) physical activity.

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10 . Are you spending your holidays sitting around bored with nothing to do? You can find many ways to fill your days.     1    

Spend time with your friends. If you can't think of things to do, one of your friends probably can.     2    

Help others. If you have nothing you need to do for yourself, you may want to volunteer to help someone else. Ask friends and relatives if they have any projects they need help on, and, if so, offer your services!

    3     The holidays are a great opportunity to have conversations with family members you haven't seen for a long time. For instance, you might want to visit your grandparents and have a quality talk with them. You might be surprised how funny some of your relatives have become without your noticing.

Spend time with your pet if you have one. You might be happy to stay with an animal friend, especially if it's with one you haven't seen for a while.     4     So spend a little time walking with them, playing with them. etc.

Hold a party. Having a party is a great way to have fun. You can invite your friends and have a party together.     5     If it's cold, you and your friends can stay inside and have a nice cup of coffee.

A．Spend time with loved ones.

B．Help your friends and relatives.

C．If it's sunny, have it in the open air.

D．Do something you have never done before.

E．Your pet probably miss you if you've been gone.

F．Here are some tips for spending time with others.

G．When all else fails, simply try going for picnics or hanging out at a shopping mall with your friends.