1 . The prevalence (普遍) of sweatshop (血汗工厂) labor depends largely on the definition being used. At its most
It can be
Another factor that
Certain economists argue against the popular opinion that sweatshop labor should be considered
However, other experts think that
A.accurate | B.general | C.applicable | D.specific |
A.opinion | B.condition | C.image | D.representation |
A.However | B.Moreover | C.Therefore | D.Otherwise |
A.tax | B.criminal | C.civil | D.labor |
A.exclusively | B.particularly | C.broadly | D.initially |
A.meaningless | B.significant | C.awkward | D.difficult |
A.After all | B.As a result | C.Above all | D.As usual |
A.adds to | B.results from | C.puts off | D.appeals to |
A.in spite of | B.in addition to | C.in terms of | D.in return for |
A.comparative | B.competitive | C.complicated | D.potential |
A.By contrast | B.In turn | C.All in all | D.Last but not least |
A.necessary | B.constructive | C.illegal | D.inhuman |
A.encouraged | B.forbidden | C.reminded | D.obliged |
A.establishing | B.enforcing | C.maintaining | D.dropping |
A.possible | B.incredible | C.avoidable | D.necessary |
3 . The emergence of black holes undoubtedly marks the beginning of a revolution. Black holes have many peculiar properties, such as the alteration of space and time, the radiation of gravitational waves and so on. Scientists are still trying to study the properties and evolution of black holes in order to better understand the origin and evolution of the universe.
Recently, a team of astronomers may have found a solo-wandering black hole using a strange trick of gravity called microlensing (微透镜效应), but the results still have to be confirmed.
Sometimes it’s tough being an astronomer. Nature likes to hide the most interesting things from easy observation. Take, for example, black holes. Except for the strange quantum (量子) phenomenon of Hawking radiation, black holes are completely black. They don’t emit a single bit of radiation – they only absorb, hence their name.
To date, the only way astronomers have been able to spot black holes is through their influence on their environments. For example, if an orbiting star gets a little too close, the black hole can absorb the gas from that star, causing it to heat up as it falls. We can watch as stars dance around the giant black hole at the center of the Milky Way.
Even the famed pictures of the black holes in the center of the Milky Way and the M87 galaxy(星系) aren’t photographs of the black holes themselves. Instead, they are radio images of everything around them.
But surely not all black holes have other light-emitting objects around them to help us find them. To find these wanderers, astronomers have tried their luck with microlensing. We know that heavy objects can bend the path of light around them. This is a prediction of Einstein’s general theory of relativity, and the slight bending of starlight around our own sun was one of the first successful tests of the theory.
Microlensing is pretty much what the name suggests. When astronomers get extremely lucky, a wandering black hole and pass between us and a random distant star. The light from that star bends around the black hole because of its gravity, and from our point of view, the star will appear to temporarily flare in brightness.
And when I say “extremely lucky” I mean it. Despite trying this technique for over a decade, it is only now that astronomers have found a candidate black hole through microlensing. Two teams used the same data, a microlensing event recorded from both the OGLE (Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment) telescope in Chile and the MOA (Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics) telescope in New Zealand. One team found that the mass was somewhere around seven times the mass of the sun – definitely black hole territory. But the other team estimated a much smaller mass, around 2-4 times the mass of the Sun. If the true mass of the object is at the lower end of that spectrum (光谱), then the wanderer is probably not a black hole.
1. Why does the author say it is hard to be an astronomer?A.Einstein’s theory is hard to understand. |
B.Many things in nature are not easy to observe. |
C.Understanding the evolution of the universe is not easy. |
D.Whether the black hole has been found remains to be seen. |
A.Stars’ wandering in black holes. |
B.Black holes’ absorbing the star’s gas. |
C.The relationship between stars’ heating and black holes. |
D.Finding black holes by observing environmental changes. |
A.People can often find black holes with glowing objects. |
B.Research groups can work together to find black holes. |
C.Glowing objects around black holes help us find them sometimes. |
D.Understanding the properties of black holes helps find them. |
A.To persevere in the end is to win. |
B.Facts speak louder than words. |
C.Failure is the mother of success. |
D.Things are not always what they seem. |
4 . Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places, but over time, people have come to these places with far-reaching effects, including deforestation, over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species.
While the death of many birds since the 1500s has been
Researchers now believe 1,430 bird species — almost 12 per cent — have died out over modern human history since around 130,000 years ago, with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly
The study, led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and published in Nature Communications, used statistical modelling to
Lead author Dr Rob Cooke, an ecological modeler at UKCEH, says:“Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher
Dr Søren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg, a co-author of the study, adds: “These historic extinctions have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis. The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied
Observations and fossils show 640 bird species have been driven extinct — 90 per cent of these on islands
A.To some extent | B.On average | C.As a result | D.In short |
A.confirmed | B.recorded | C.concealed | D.discussed |
A.distracted | B.disposed | C.dismissed | D.disintegrated |
A.extent | B.context | C.outcome | D.influence |
A.due to | B.other than | C.instead of | D.in spite of |
A.declare | B.illustrate | C.estimate | D.emphasize |
A.climate | B.human | C.environmental | D.natural |
A.connected | B.coped | C.lived | D.competed |
A.trace | B.route | C.change | D.proposal |
A.interactive | B.ecological | C.productive | D.social |
A.in terms of | B.because of | C.except for | D.in addition to |
A.depend on | B.interact with | C.fight against | D.stay away |
A.inhabited | B.removed | C.developed | D.killed |
A.result | B.range | C.suffer | D.date |
A.origin | B.project | C.growth | D.diversity |
5 . Global surface temperatures last month were 2.25 degrees warmer than the 20th century average of 60.1 degrees, breaking previous records, from August 2016, by more than half a degree, according to NOAA researchers. “That to me is a really huge
The report
It wasn’t just the land that
“We’ve seen unheard-of warmth in the global ocean, and that’s definitely alarming because its effects
In fact, the report comes after a series of severe natural
“The scientific evidence is
A.distance | B.jump | C.travel | D.flight |
A.confirms | B.emerges | C.quotes | D.argues |
A.holds | B.touches | C.surrounds | D.includes |
A.boiled | B.cooled | C.stricken | D.disappeared |
A.contributed to | B.suffered from | C.resulted from | D.devoted to |
A.slowest | B.lowest | C.highest | D.fastest |
A.enlarge | B.discharge | C.extend | D.undertake |
A.creating | B.saving | C.remaining | D.disturbing |
A.issues | B.debates | C.events | D.proposals |
A.floods | B.disasters | C.storms | D.earthquakes |
A.Though | B.Because | C.Unless | D.When |
A.damage | B.destroy | C.decrease | D.increase |
A.irresistible | B.unchangeable | C.inaccessible | D.unbearable |
A.conveying | B.releasing | C.relieving | D.dismissing |
A.predicted | B.expected | C.doubted | D.determined |
How to Stay Healthy in Autumn
In recent days, the weather in most regions is no longer hot, and people can relax and enjoy the cool autumn. However, there is a big gap in temperature in the morning and evening, and the air is also drier. All of these factors can lead to dry mouth and nose, sore throat, dry cough, dry hair loss and other symptoms. People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.
Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.Pay attention to wet lungs in dry weather.The most convenient and easy way to protect lungs in autumn is to drink more water. In addition, you can adopt the diet therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, eating some watery food, like pear and duck meat.
Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen (牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. So in autumn, you should give your spleen and stomach a rest. For example,you can choose some nutritious food that is easy to digest to eat, such as fish and red bean.
Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. The number and vitality of immune cells are related to vitamins when the body resists foreign invasion. It is recommended that you eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, such as kiwi and oranges.
Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity. In autumn, it is suggested that you go to bed at 9 pm, or try to fall asleep before 11 o’clock. If you sleep at this time, it is great for your body and you can get a good quality of sleep.
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A.13. | B.31. | C.113. | D.131. |
A.More women will win awards than men in the future. |
B.Bettozzi is the first woman to win the Nobel Chemistry Prize. |
C.Inequality in the Nobel Prize selection process is decreasing. |
D.Two Danish scientists have won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. |
A.Nobel’s life story. | B.Three Nobel Chemistry Prize winners. |
C.The Nobel Chemistry Prize. | D.The voting process for the Nobel Prize. |
Zaha Hadid
Born in Iraq in 1950, Zaha Hadid was the first woman to win the Pritzker prize, the field’s highest honor. But for years, she had to fight to prove that her designs could even be built. She was a pioneer in Deconstructivism: Designing buildings that looked unstable, jagged, or frozen in mid-explosion. She gained a reputation for her gorgeous, fantastical designs—painted by hand. But her ideas looked impossible to build, so they remained on paper.
Then, in 1983, she won a big competition to design a club in the hills of Hong Kong. Hadid proposed carving chunks out of the mountainside, which she called a “man-made geology.” The project was eventually canceled, but the world of architecture then knew her name.
Still, it took another decade before one of her concepts actually got built: A fire station in Germany with no right angles; looking like it could take flight. It was a great success—quickly becoming a prime example of Deconstructivist architecture.
Around the same time, she won an international competition to design an opera house in Wales, but it was overruled by local politicians, and the funding was pulled. Later, Hadid said it was resistance and prejudice that killed the project.
But she kept winning competitions, building momentum—and finally, buildings! By the early 2000s, she was an architecture superstar. She still drew by hand, but adopted new computer technology to model her designs. The software made even wilder shapes possible—including the curves that became her signature. A Hadid design was no longer crazy or impossible—it was simply a Hadid.
Sadly, she died of a heart attack in 2016. By then she had built hundreds of buildings, with many more in progress. And she had proved she could build nearly anything she could imagine.
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9 . Of Special Interest to Freshman
Freshman Seminars are small classes just for freshmen, with some of York’s most distinguished faculty members. Some seminars provide an introduction to a particular field of study; others take an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) approach to a variety of topics. All seminars provided a friendly environment for developing relationships with faculty members and peers. | STARS (Science, Technology, and Research Scholars) provides undergraduates of every year with an opportunity to combine research, course-based study, and development of mentorship skills. The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically underrepresented in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged. More than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during the academic year or over the summer months. |
Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary program focusing on Western civilization that includes three yearlong courses —literature, philosophy, and historical and political thought — in which students read the foundational works of the Western tradition. | Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics. The yearlong course explores a broad range of topics, exposes students to questions at the frontiers of science, and connects the first-year students to York’s Scientific community. |
Academic Advising is a collective effort by the residential colleges, academic departments and various offices connected to York University Dean’s office. Students’ primary academic advisors are their residential college deans, to whom they may always turn for academic and personal advice. The deans live in residential colleges and supervise the advising networks in the college. Students also have a freshman advisor who is a York faculty member or administrator affiliated with their advisees’ residential college. Each academic department has a director of undergraduate studies (DUS) who can discuss with students the department’s course offerings and requirements for majors. | Science and Engineering Undergraduate Research York is one of the world’s foremost research universities. Independent engineering research and design projects and scientific research are an essential part of undergraduate science education at York. Science students can begin conducting original research as early as the freshman year. Ninety-five percent of undergraduate science majors engaged in research with faculty mentors. |
A.Freshman Seminars | B.Directed Studies |
C.STARS | D.Perspectives on Science and Engineering |
A.Academic Advising. | B.Directed Studies. | C.STARS. | D.Freshman Seminars. |
A.The one who has already got a novel published. |
B.A medalist of the International Mathematical Olympiad. |
C.The one who has designed an original engineering project. |
D.An applicant for York’s Scientific Community. |
A.Deans of most academic departments live with students there. |
B.Directors of undergraduate studies of most majors work together there. |
C.The college deans serve as the principal figures in an advising network. |
D.The college deans engage in scientific research with selected freshmen. |
10 . Many people learn at an early age to associate the color red with danger. So might it make sense to print medication
“People are not
The researchers found that when the screen was red, subjects performed better on detail-oriented tasks. In one test,
In other tests, creative abilities seemed to be
Researchers concluded from the tests that seeing red causes people to take the extra time to think
A.instructions | B.symptoms | C.warnings | D.treatments |
A.create | B.relax | C.decorate | D.design |
A.skies | B.medication | C.colors | D.paint |
A.danger | B.detail | C.emotions | D.vigor |
A.distracted by | B.aware of | C.content with | D.curious about |
A.cognitive | B.intelligence | C.mental | D.memory |
A.on one hand | B.at the same time | C.for example | D.that is |
A.grey | B.blue | C.green | D.white |
A.proven | B.acquired | C.recognized | D.enhanced |
A.more abstract | B.more positive | C.more innovative | D.more valuable |
A.practical | B.academic | C.economical | D.profitable |
A.critically | B.logically | C.carefully | D.independently |
A.painting | B.memorizing | C.designing | D.brainstorming |
A.Unless | B.When | C.Since | D.Though |
A.turn up | B.stir up | C.set off | D.give off |